Listening and vocabulary全国优秀课堂实录

高一英语外研版必修1 Module 5 A Lesson in a Lab 学案

一、知识要点

1. When we use metal, it is important to know how they react with different substances, for example, water and oxygen.

使用金属时，要了解金属和不同的物质怎样发生反应，例如水和氧气，这一点很重要。

react 作不及物动词，“起化学反应”，react with sth.

与某物起化学反应

它还有“对某人或某物做出反应”之意，常与介词to连用

react to sth./sb. 2. The reaction of metals with these substances can be put in order. （不同的）金属与这些物质的反应程度可以按顺序排列起来。

in order“按顺序、次序”，还有“适当的；能用的”意思，反义词组为out of order 例如

He put his business affairs in order before he went to travel. 翻译：

The lift was out of order and he was trapped. 翻译：

3．数字表达法

（1）1,000以上词的表达法: 先从后向前数,每三位数加一个逗号，用这个方法把数目分作若干段，再一段段的念；第一个逗号前的数为thousand, 第二million, 第三billion. 一般用作单数，若用复数形式，要用“复数形式＋of”。

例如：4，007 four thousand and seven 54,256,000 fifty-four million two hundred and fifty-six thousand 14,800,000,000

hundreds of books 好几百本书

thousands of young people

（2）分数词构成法：分数词有基数词和序数词构成，基数词代表分子，序数词代表分母。分子是1时，分母用单数，分子不是1时，分母都用复数形式。

例如：1/2 one-second

1/4 one-fourth

3/4 three-fourths

2/3 two-thirds 5/9 five-ninths

1/2，1/4，3/4还可表示为

1又1/2

one and half

7又3/4 seven and three quarters 3又2/5

three and two-fifths

47又3/8

4. The science facilities are very good，with laboratories that have all the latest equipment. 这些科研设施非常好,实验室配有最新的设备。

（1）facility 常用作复数名词，表示为某种目的提供的设施（如房屋、设备、服务等）。例如：This is a 5-star hotel with good facilities.翻译：

也可用作单数，“设备；天赋；才能。”例：She has an amazing facility for maths. 练习：We need to consider what

we will be using for language training. A.

abilities

B. appliance

C. facilities

D. qualities

（2）with在句中意为“带有，具有”，引导短语对句子作附加说明，that have all the latest equipment 是定语从句，修饰先行词laboratories。例：He left for Beijing with a suitcase that contained a lot of money. 翻译：

5. The Nobel Prize is the highest scientific prize there is, so we should be very proud 地址：山西省太原市和平南路45号英语周报社网络中心

电话：0351—6378335

of that.诺贝尔奖是目前最高的科学奖，我们应该为此感到骄傲。

be proud of 为…而自豪

例如：We are proud of our motherland. 翻译：

pride 是名词，词组有：have/take （a）pride in，be proud to do sth. 例如：He took （a）great pride in being a student of Beijing University. I feel very proud to be a part of the team. 二、语法要点

形容词和副词的比较级

关于形容词和副词的比较级的用法，应注意以下具体问题：

1.

表示比较的表达方式：

（1）

表示倍数的三种结构：

A: …times as + 形容词原级

+as…

B: …times the + 性质名词（size, weight, height, length…）+ of …

C: …times + 形容词比较级

+ than…

例如：This table is 3 times as big as that one.

This table is 3 times the size of that one.

This table is 3 times bigger than that one.

(2) 同级的比较，用

as…as, the same as, such…as构成：

例如：She is as tall a girl as Ann. She is such a tall girl as Ann. The situation is not so/as good as we hope.

She got the same mark as John did. 翻译以上各句。

2.

比较级的特殊用法

（1）

the + 比较级…, the + 比较级…

越……

越…. 例如: The more you talked, the less attention he paid to you. 你说的越多，他越不注意听你讲。

The longer you stay, the better (it will be). 译:

(2) 比较级

+ and + 比较级

越来越……

例如: The new city is becoming more and more beautiful.

(3)

the + 比较级

+of the two +名词

两者中较……

例如: The taller of the two boys is my brother.

(4) 否定词+ 比较级

没有……

比……更……

例如: There is no greater love than that of a man who lays down his life for his friends. 为朋友而放弃生命的人的爱是最伟大的爱。

He has never spent a more worrying day. 他度过了最担心的一天。

（5）no +比较级

+ than 的特殊含义

no more …than…

两者都不……

no less…than…

两者都很……

not more…than…

……不如……

not less…than…

并不弱于……

3.

比较句型应注意以下几点：

（1）

用介词by加数字与计量单位表示相差的程度。

例如：She is taller than I by three inches. 翻译：

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电话：0351—6378335

I missed the last train by one minutes. 翻译：

（2）修饰比较级的常见修饰语有：rather, much, still, even, far, any（用于否定句或疑问句），a lot, a little, a great deal, by far, a bit, three times 等。

例如：The students study even harder than before. 学生学习比以前努力得多。

A car runs a great faster than a bike. 翻译：

（3）比较的对象不能相互包容的有：

any other + 单数名词，

all (the) other +复数名词，

比较级

+than +anyone else,

any of the other +复数名词。

例如：The Mississippi River is longer than any other river in the United States. 密西西比河比美国任何其他一条河都长。

China is larger than any other country in Asia. 中国比亚洲的任何其他国家都大。

（4）比较的对象应该相同。

例如：The weather here is warmer than that of Shanghai. 这里的天气比上海的暖和。（天气和天气相比）

China has a larger population than any other county in the world. 中国的人口比世界上任何其他国家的都多。（国家与国家相比较）

（5）比较状语从句中代动词的使用。

两个比较对象应在同一层面上比较，但从句中除助动词、情态动词和系动词be外，其他动词不能重复使用，须用动词do 的适当形式代替。不同的人或物相比，时态应相同。

例如：Bob looks younger than he is. 鲍勃看上去比实际年轻。

I know you better than he does. 我比他更了解你。

I know you better than him. 我了解你比了解他更清楚。

（6）比较结构中的省略现象，在日常交际中，彼此都明白，比较对象往往省略。例如：A: What do you think of the film?

你认为这部电影如何？

B: I have never seen a better one.

我从来没看过比这部更好的了。

（后边省略了than this film）

Tom’s composition, if not better（后边省略了than Jack’s ），is at least as good as Jack’s. 汤姆的作文，如果不比杰克好的话，至少和他的一样好。

4.

常用的比较级词组：no more than 只是；不多于

not more than 至多

no less than 至少；起码

not less than 不少于

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反馈检测

I. 根据所给词首字母或汉语释义写出各单词的正确形式。

1. He came to the c

that heavy objects fell faster than light ones.

2. When you cool the metal, it c

.

3. He noticed a piece of wood f

on the water.

4. Air is a m

of gases.

5. Water can have three states: l

, solid and gas.

6. All the machines can’t run without

（电）.

7. The nails do not rust in the tube with

（无空气）.

8. What’s your

(反应) to what the newspaper said?

9. It is important to know how they react with different

(物质).

10. Heat gently until the sugar

(溶解). II. 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。

1. Wouldn’t it be

wonderful world if all nations live in

peace with one another?

A. a; /

B. the; /

C. a; the

D. the; the

2. ----Yesterday we learnt the fifth,

?

----I’m sorry, Mr. Li. I don’t understand everything. A.didn’t you

B. have you got it

C. do you think so D. how about 3. ---- I want to know how you react

my lecture.

---- On the whole, it’s very excellent, but I react strongly

the thoughts on human nature.

A. to; with

B. to; against

C. with; against

D. against; with 4. The terrible weather

our difficult in building the road. A. added

B. added up

C. added to

D. added up to

5. It’s not enough. We need

more than that. A. quite

B. most

C. very

D. rather

6. ----Can I use your telephone? -----

. A. It’s all right, thanks

B.Yes, go ahead

C. It doesn’t matter

D.No, please don’t do it

7. ----Simon is watching TV. ----- He’s watching TV? He’s

to be cleaning his room.

A. regarded

B. believed

C. supposed

D. considered

8. He used to

in the city, but now he is used to

in the village. A. live; living

B. living; live

C. living; living

D. live; live 9. The better we liked the oil painting,

we looked at it. 地址：山西省太原市和平南路45号英语周报社网络中心

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A. as

B. while

C. the moment

D. the more 10. The science lab being built in our school is

the former one. A. twice as big as

B.twice more bigger than

C.as twice big as

D.the twice size of

11. The clerks are busy preparing for the journey, they’ll be away for

. A. the few next weeks

B. next a few weeks

C.a few next weeks

D. the next few weeks 12. Boys and girls,

the noise, will you? I have news of great importance. A. put down

B. keep down

C. go down

D. keep out 13. To keep the room tidy, you are supposed to put everything

. A. in the order

B. in orders

C. in order

D. out of order 14. He didn’t laugh at your joke because he didn’t

it. A. so

B. get

C. that

D. what 15. ---- I didn’t do well in the last English contest. How about you?

----

.

A. I’ll do better next time

B. I like English, though

C. A lot better

D. Even worse III. 下列各句中均有一处错误，找出并改正。

1.

There are laboratories that have all the latest equipments. 2.

I was used to go surfing, but now I don’t. 3.

In the last twenty hours we beat three teams. 4.

I’m becoming more and more interested in physics, and decided that I want to study it at university. 5.

The more books I read, the much information I learn.

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电话：0351—6378335