Listening and vocabulary多媒体教学设计及其点评

Section ⅢGrammar —

合成词和冠词

语法图解

探究发现

①A keyboard is the part of the computer that you type on. ②What’s the difference between computer hardware and computer software? ③The United States is one of English-speaking countries. ④Hard-working people are more likely to succeed. ⑤Have you got a computer at home? ⑥This is an interesting book and it is also a useful one. ⑦The Internet is the biggest source of information in the world.

⑧He came up with the idea of the World Wide Web. [我的发现]

(1)例句①～④中黑体部分都是合成词，其中①②是合成名词，③④是合成形容词。

(2)例句①中的合成名词是由“名词＋名词”构成，例句②中的合成名词由“形容词＋名词”构成。

(3)例句③中的合成形容词是由“名词＋动词-ing形式”构成，④中的合成形容词由“副词＋动词-ing形式”构成。

(4)例句⑤～⑧黑体部分都是冠词。其中例句⑤⑥是不定冠词，例句⑦⑧是定冠词。

(5)例句⑤⑥中的不定冠词表示泛指，例句⑦⑧中的定冠词表示特指。

一、合成词

把两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词，这种构词法叫作合成构词法。合成词有的用连字符连在一起，有的直接连在一起，常见的合成词有合成名词、合成形容词、合成动词和合成副词等几种类型。

1．合成名词

a．合成名词的数量很多，可以在句中作主语、宾语等。

Sightseeing took up the whole morning. 观光用了整整一上午的时间。(作主语) Finally they reached a crossroads. 最后他们到了一个十字路口。(作宾语) b．合成名词的主要构成方式：

①名词＋名词：classroom

教室

newspaper

②形容词＋名词：blackboard

greenhouse

③名词＋动名词：handwriting

sunbathing

④动名词＋名词：sleeping pill

dining-car

报纸

黑板

温室

书法

日光浴

安眠药

餐车

⑤名词＋介词＋名词：commander-in-chief

总司令

brother-in-law

⑥动词＋副词：get-together

breakthrough

姐/妹夫

联欢会

突破

[名师点津]

(1)“名词＋名词”构成的合成名词变为复数时，作定语的名词一般不改变形

式，但man，woman作定语时，需随着其修饰的名词变为复数。例如：a boy student→

boy students; a woman teacher→women teachers。

(2)合成名词的复数形式，一般是在主体名词后加-s或-es，但如果没有主体名词的话，则在最后加-s或-es。例如：editors-in-chief (主编), sisters-in-law (嫂子), passers-by(过路人)。

[即时演练1]

(1)把下列合成名词翻译成汉语

①snowfall

②highway

③horse-riding

④waiting room

⑤daughter-in-law

⑥take-off

(2)把下列合成名词变成复数形式

①schoolboy

②looker-on

③grown-up

④woman singer

2．合成形容词

合成形容词的数量很多，多数作定语，有些也可作表语。

They helped us to map out a long-term plan. 他们帮我们设计了一个长远计划。(作定语) Are you airsick? 你晕机吗？(作表语) 合成形容词的主要构成方式：

①名词＋形容词：world-famous

世界闻名的

②名词＋动词-ing：peace-loving

③名词＋过去分词：heart-broken

④动词＋副词：take-away

⑤形容词＋名词：long-distance

热爱和平的

伤心的

schoolboys lookers-on grown-ups women_singers 降雪

公路

骑马

候车室

儿媳

起飞

外卖的

长途的

深蓝色的

⑥形容词＋形容词：dark-blue

⑦形容词＋名词-ed：warm-hearted

热心的

⑧副词＋动词-ing：hard-working

⑨副词＋过去分词：well-known

勤劳的

著名的

⑩数词＋名词：first-class

头等的

三角的

⑪数词＋名词-ed：three-cornered

⑫基数词＋名词(单数)＋形容词：ten-year-old

十岁大的

[即时演练2]

用合成形容词完成句子

①That’s a ten-metre-long (10米长的) stone bridge. ②They decided to have another paper-making (造纸的) factory set up in this town. ③There are more newly-built (新建的) houses in this village than in that one. ④Our English teacher is a warm-hearted (热心的), honest and strict man. ⑤It took us quite a long time to get to the amusement park. It was a three-hour (三小时的) journey. 3．合成动词

合成动词的主要构成方式：

①名词＋动词：water-cool

用水冷却

②形容词＋动词：quick-charge

快速充电

③副词＋动词：outact

4．合成副词

合成副词的主要构成方式：

①副词＋副词：however

②代词＋副词：anywhere

③副词＋名词：downstairs

④形容词＋名词：anyway

[即时演练3]

(1)把下列合成动词和合成副词翻译成汉语

①typewrite

②underline

③oversleep

④safeguard

⑤upstairs

⑥sideways

(2)用合成动词或合成副词填空

①It is important never to overdo new exercises.(do, over) ②His food cost $3, but he was overcharged by 50 cents. (charge, over) 打字

在下面划线

睡过头

捍卫

在楼上

横着地，斜着地

但是

任何地方

在楼下

无论如何

行动上胜过

③Get the job done anyway you can. (any, way) 二、冠词的用法

在英语中，冠词分为定冠词(the)和不定冠词(a/an)。两者的最大差别在于定冠词表示特指概念；不定冠词表示泛指概念。an用于元音音素开头的单词前，a用于辅音音素开头的单词前；两者都是对可数名词单数进行限定。the既可以限定可数名词单数或复数，又可以限定不可数名词。

1．不定冠词的用法

(1)泛指一类人和物。

A horse runs faster than a sheep.

马比绵羊跑得快。

(2)表示数量“一个；同一；每一；某一”，意思相当于one, the same, every或a certain。

Everyone has a head and two hands.

每个人都有一个脑袋和两只手。

The children are of an age.

这些孩子们年龄一样大。

We have meals three times a day.

我们每天吃三顿饭。

A Mr. Li is waiting for you.

一位李先生在等你。

(3)用在某些物质名词前，表示“一阵，一场，一种”等。

They were caught in a heavy rain.

他们遇上了一场大雨。

I’d like to have an ice-cream. 我想来一份冰激凌。

(4)用于固定词组或短语中。

in a word

as a matter of fact

[即时演练4]

(1)用不定冠词填空

①There is an “m” in the word “cream”．

②It’s an honour for me to give you a lecture here. ③A Mr. Wang came to see you this morning. ④The man can run 20 kilometers an hour. ⑤It hasn’t rained for 3 months. As a result, some plants have died. (2)完成句子

总之，一句话

事实上

①The work is so tiring. Let’s have_a_rest (休息一会)．

②The medicine should be taken three_times_a_day (一天三次)．

③Can you give me a_second_chance (再一次机会), please? 2．定冠词的用法

(1)表示特指，用于彼此都知道的人或物。

Do you know the man standing there?

你认识那边站着的那个人吗？

He bought a house. I’ve been to the house.

他买了幢房子，我去过那幢房子。

(2)与形容词连用，代表一类人或事物。

The wounded were sent to the hospital immediately.

受伤者被马上送往了医院。

(3)用于方位、方向等名词前。

in the east

on the right

在东方

在右边

(4)用于世界上独一无二的人或物、自然现象、发明物之前。

The earth goes around the sun.

地球围绕太阳转。

Alexander Bell invented the telephone in 1876.

亚历山大·贝尔于1876年发明了电话。

[名师点津]

有些物体实际上也是独一无二的，但习惯上不用冠词，如space, nature。

(5)用于序数词、形容词最高级前。还可用在对两个人或物进行比较时起特定作用的比较级前。

He is always the first to come to school. 他总是第一个到校的。

He is the older of the two. 他是两人中年长的那一个。

[名师点津]

表示“再一，又一”时，在序数词前加不定冠词。

I have been to Qingdao twice, but I want to go there a third time. 我去过青岛两次，但我想再去一次。

(6)用在姓氏复数名词前，表示全家人或这一姓氏的夫妇俩。

The Greens are on holiday now.

现在格林一家(夫妇)正在度假。

(7)用在某个世纪的某个年代前。

in the 1990s在二十世纪九十年代

(8)用在以festival组成的中国传统节日之前，但以day组成的节日前不加定冠词；在表示演奏的西洋乐器的名词前通常用定冠词，但中国传统乐器前不加定冠词。试比较：

in the Spring Festival

on Christmas Day

play the piano

play erhu

在春节

在圣诞节

弹钢琴

奏二胡

(9)用在表示计量的名词前，表示“按照……”。但如果表示单位的名词为不可数名词前面不加定冠词。

by the day

by the dozen

by weight

by length

(10)用在一些固定搭配中。

in the end

by the way

in the distance

[即时演练5]

用适当的冠词填空

①In the United States, Father’s Day falls on the third Sunday in June. ②After having a good breakfast, he went to play the piano. ③The parents were shocked by the news that their son needed an operation on his knee. ④I bought a book yesterday. And I lent the book to Mary this morning. ⑤It is a pleasure to see the sun rising in the east. ⑥I have two dogs. The black one is two years old and the yellow one is three years old. 3．零冠词的用法

(1)表示总称的复数名词之前不加冠词。

Horses are useful animals.

马是有用的动物。

(2)物质名词、抽象名词表示泛指时，前面不用冠词。

Theory begins with practice. 理论来源于实践。

(3)季节、月份、星期、节日、学科名称、球类、棋类名词前不加冠词。

I like physics though it is a little difficult.

我喜欢物理，尽管学起来有些难。

最后

顺便说一下

在远处

按天

按打

按重量

按长度

(4)名词作表语或同位语表示头衔、职位时不用冠词。

We made Jack monitor of our class.

我们选杰克为我们班的班长。

(5)表示交通工具的名词与by连用，不指具体某辆车时前面不加冠词。

He goes to school by bike every day.

他每天骑自行车上学。

(6)bed, hospital, church, class, college, university, school, court, prison, town等名词与介词连用，表抽象概念时，一般不用冠词。

It is high time that you went to school.

早到了你该上学的时间了。

(7)用在一些固定搭配中。

on business

in place of

(8)一些短语中有无冠词的区别

at table

at the table

in hospital

in the hospital

take place

take the place of

in front of

in the front of

[即时演练6]

在下列句子空白处填入适当的冠词，无需冠词处划“/”

①It’s __/__ bad manners to blow your noise at __/__ table. ②I go to __/__ school on foot because my home is near the school. ③Bill likes playing __/__ football, but his sister likes playing the violin. ④I’ve just had a glass of milk for __/__ breakfast. ⑤The museum is quite far.It will take you half an hour to get there by __/__ bus. ⑥In case of __/__ fire, break the glass and push the red button.

Ⅰ.单句改错

1．Go on and you will see a 20-meters-long bridge.20-meters-long→20-meter-long 2．There are many looker-ons on the scene of the accident.looker-ons→lookers-on 在吃饭

在桌子旁

住院

在医院

发生

取代

在……的前面

在……的前面部分

做生意

代替

3．For lack of space, many new-built high rises (小高层) have appeared in big cities.new-built→newly-built 4．The US and Australia are both English-spoken countries.English-spoken→

English-speaking 5．Lang Lang began to play piano at the age of five.在piano前加the 6．On the weekends, shopping malls are always crowded with people.去掉weekends前面的the 7．My mother is telling me an old story, but it is the interesting story.the→an 8．It is a great fun to ride in the country with my friends.去掉great_fun前的a 9．Mr. White had an accident yesterday and he is in the hospital now.去掉hospital前的the 10．Mr. Brown, the chairman of the Trade Union, will visit our factory tomorrow.去掉chairman前的the Ⅱ.完成句子

1．Reading is a_good_habit. Stick to it and you will make_progress. 阅读是一个好的习惯，坚持下去你就会取得进步。

2．In order to find a_better_job,_he decided to study a_second_foreign_language. 为了找到更好的工作，他打算再学一门外语。

3．Although it is a_one-eyed_dog,_the little boy likes it very much. 尽管这只狗只有一只眼，这个小男孩还是很喜欢它。

4．My brother is really_hardworking. He often works in his office far_into_the_night. 我弟弟真的很努力，他常常在办公室工作到深夜。

5．Many students signed up for the_800-meter-long_race in the sports meeting. 很多学生报名参加运动会上800米的跑步比赛。

6．There will be a basketball match between boy_students_and_men_teachers in our school next week. 下周我校男同学和男老师要进行一次篮球比赛。

7．All the_peace-loving_people are against war and want to live a_peaceful_life. 所有爱好和平的人都反对战争，想过和平的生活。

8．If you grow up in a_large_family,_you are more likely to develop the_ability_to_get_on_well_with_others. 如果你在一个大家庭里长大，你就更容易养成和其他人友好相处的能力。

Ⅲ.短文改错

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中

共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。

修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

There is no doubt whether the Internet plays an important part in our everyday life. It can provide people with a life of highly quality. So it can also do harm to people, especially to teenagers. For an example, things such as violence and cheating often appear on the Internet, that can seriously pollute their hearts and souls (心灵). As result, children will gradually lose interest for their studies. Now it’s time for the government to take some measures to deal of this problem. Some websites that breaks the rules should be punished and closed up. As students, we should also protect us from the bad influence of the Internet. 答案：第一句：whether→that

第二句：highly→high

第三句：So→But 第四句：去掉an; that→which 第五句：在result前加a; for→in 第六句：of→with

第七句：breaks→break 第八句：us→ourselves