Learning about Language课堂实录【1】

Nominal Clause

Teaching aims: 1.

enable the students to tell Nominal Clause from each other 2.

enable the students to choose right conjunctive pronoun and conjunctive adverbs Teaching Important Points: 1.

enable the students to choose right conjunctive pronoun and conjunctive adverbs 2.

enable the students to know the differences between “if” and

“whether”

Teaching Difficult Points: How to choose right conjunctive pronoun and conjunctive adverbs Teaching methods: 1.

explanation to help the students know the points of Nominal Clause above 2.

exercises to help the students consolidate them Teaching Procedures: Step 1 Lead-in Teacher writes three sentences on the blackboard to analyze members of the two sentences

(1) He likes English.

(2) She is beautiful. (3) He, a student, likes English .

（1）S: he V: likes O: English （2）S: she LV: is P: beautiful (3) S: he V: likes

O: English Op: a student Teacher writes another several sentences on the blackboard. (1)

What he likes is English. （2）That she is beautiful knows to everyone in her company. (2)

I heard that he likes English. (4) The fact that she is beautiful knows to everyone in her company. (5) It is difficult to say why he likes English. (6) We find it difficult why he likes English.

Step 2 Explanation

Subject Clause 作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由下列词引导：

1）从属连词that，whether 等；

2）连接代词what，who，which，whose, whatever，whoever，whichever 等；

3) 连接副词how，when，where，why 等。

注：1. that在句中无词义，whether表“是否”，只起连接作用，在从句中不充当句子成分；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中一般做状语。

2. “+ever”优先原则，比如说句子用who和whoever都可以翻译，优先用whoever。

例子：What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。

Who will win the match is still unknown. 谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。

Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。

Whoever breaks the law will be punished. 有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：

（1）It is+ 名词

+ that从句（pity，a shame, a wonder, a news等）

（2）It is + 形容词

+ that从句（strange，

natural，obvious等）

（3）It is + 动词的过去分词+ 主语从句

（said，

reported，known等）

（4）It + 不及物动词

+ that 从句（seems，happens，

doesn’t matter等）

Object Clause 名词从句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句, 宾语从句通常由下列词引导：

1）从属连词that，whether, if 等；

2）连接代词what，who，whose, which，whatever，whoever，whichever 等；

3) 连接副词how，when，where，why, however, whenever, wherever 等。注：1. that在句中无词义，whether，if表“是否”，只起连接作用，在从句中不充当句子成分；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中一般做状语或表语。

2. 陈诉语气原则

3.注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用

不同时态。例如：

I know (that) he studies English every day. （从句用一般现在时）

I know (that) he studied English last term. （从句用一般过去时）

I know (that) he will study English next year. （从句用一般将来时）

I know (that) he has studied English since 1998. （从句用现在完成时）

当主句动词是过去时态（could, would除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。例如：

Our teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun. 4. 宾语从句的动词为doubt 时，肯定句用whether, 否定句用that

whether和if 用法比较：

a.引导从句作介词宾语时; b. 从句后有“or not”时；c. 后接动词不定式时

Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。

I wonder whether he will come or not. 我想知道他来还是不来。

Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 你能否告诉我是去还是留？

Predictive Clause 位于系动词之后作表语的从句叫表语从句, 表语从句通常由下列词引导：

1）从属连词that，whether，as if，as though 等；

2）连接代词what，who，which，whose, whatever，whoever，whichever 等；

3) 连接副词how，when，where，why，because 等。

其基本结构为：主语

+ 系动词（be，seem，look，appear等）

+ that从句

The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。

That’s just what I want. 这正是我想要的。

This is where our problem lies. 这就是我们的问题所在。

That is why he didn’t come to the meeting. 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。

It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。

注：当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如：

The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.

Appositive Clause 同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如：

The news that we won the game is exciting.

我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。

I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。

The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。

注：同位语从句的名词为doubt 时，肯定句用whether, 否定句用that

Step 3 Exercise 1. Generally speaking, ____ we have seen seems more believable than ____ we have been told. A. what; that B. what; what C. that; what D. that; that 2. ______ has finished the work ahead of time will be rewarded though we don't know who it will be. A. Those who B. Anyone C. Whoever D. No matter who 3. ______ makes the school famous is ______ more than 90% of the students have been admitted to universities. A. What; because B. That; because C. That; what D. What; that 4. _________ David says sounds right to Helen. That’s why she has made up her mind not to leave him________ happens.

A. whatever; whatever B. No matter what; whatever C. No matter what; no matter what D. Whatever; however 5. ______ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services. A. What B. Who C. Whatever D. Whoever 6. ______ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account. A. What is required B. What requires C. It is required D. It requires 7. Our club is open to adults only. _______ your children have entered without

permission. A. There seems that B. It seems to be C. There seems to be D. It seems that 8. Nowadays consumers become more and more practical and buy only _______ they need. A. where B. which C. when D. what 9. She’d like to offer money to ________ needs it to continue his or her study. A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever 10. Yesterday he sold out all his stamps at ____ he thought was a reasonable price. A. that B. which C. what D. as 11. We’d like to do _______ we can _________ the poor. A. how; help B. all; to help C. whatever; help D. however; to help 12. My parents used ________they had to get a new car for my brother. A. which

B. all what C. what

D. 不填

13. She was so angry at all ________ he was doing _________ she stayed up all night. A. that; that B. that; which C. what; that D. what; as 14. Our bad living habits will destroy the earth. Only by changing ________we live can we save the earth. A. that B. what C. how D. where 15. You can choose ________ book you like among these. A. no matter what B. whatever C. whose D. whichever 16.I wish to have a friend with ______ shares my hobbies and interests. A. whomever B. no matter who C. whoever D. anyone 17. What the doctor is uncertain about is ______ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. A. when B. how C. whether D. why 18. See the flags on top of the building? That was ______ we did this morning. A. when B. which C. where D. what 19. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer ____ it was 20 years ago, ______ it was so poorly equipped. A. what; when B. that; which C. what; which D. which; that 20. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ________ I disagree. A. why B. where C. what D. how 21.. ---Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?

---Oh, that’s _________.

A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited 22. Perseverance is a kind of quality—and that’s ____ it takes to do anything well.

A. what B. that C. which D. why 23 After three days’ waiting, there was a little doubt in the mother’s mind _______ the police could find her lost child. A. how B. that C. where D. whether

24. “Sustainable development” is a question _______ we can continue developing the world without damaging the environment. A. why B. when C. that D. how 25. The news has spread all over the country ________ the spaceship succeeded in returning to the earth. A. that

B. which

C. whether

D. what 26. The question came up at the meeting _____we had enough money for our research. A. that B. what C. which D. whether 27. Mr. Hopkins has not yet answered my question________ I can go with him to ________ he calls the Underground Treasure House next week. A. that; which B. that; where C. whether; that D. whether; what 28. There is much chance ____ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race. A. that B. which C. until D. if 29. Some researchers believe that there is no doubt ________ a care for AIDS will be found. A. which B. that C. what D. whether 30. Do you have any idea _______ is actually gong on in the classroom? A. that B. what C. as D. which 31. Along with the letter was his promise _______ he would visit me this coming Christmas. A. which B. that C. what D. whether 32. Information has been put forward __________ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. whether B that C. when D. as Suggested answers: 1-5 BDDAA 6-10 CDDCC 11-15 CBCCD 16-20 CCDAC 21-25 AADDA 26-30 DDABB 31-32 BA

Step 4. Summary and Homework Teacher makes a brief summary about what they’ve learnt today, then assign the homework:

1. The students are required to review what they’ve learnt today.

2. The students are required to find more exercises to consolidate what they’ve learnt about Nominal Clause.