Learning about Language教学设计及课堂实录

Language points: 1. You must be aware that it's here that we've found evidence of some of the earliest people

who lived in this part of the world.

想必你们知道, 正是在这儿我们找到了居住在世界这个部分最早人类的证据。

1) You must be aware that…主句后接由强调句和定语从句组成的宾语从句。

must是作为情态动词表示肯定推测, 译作“一定, 肯定”, 只用于肯定推测。

对现在或将来事实推测, 用

“must do”。

You must be hungry after a long walk．

走了很长的路, 你一定很饿。

对正发生或进行的事进行推测, 用“must be doing”。

对过去的事进行推测, 用“must have done”。

The ground is wet. It must have rained last night. 地是湿的, 昨晚一定下雨了。

2) aware adj．意识到的, 知道的

通常用作表语

We should be aware that a lot of animals are becoming endangered．

我们必须清楚地认识到许多动物正濒临灭绝的危险。

be aware of sth. 知道; 意识到

Though most smokers are aware of the dangers of smoking, they won't given up.

3) it’s here that we’ve…

是强调句, 其基本句式是It is (was)+被强调部分+that (who)+句子其他部分, 此结构强调的成分仅限于主语, 宾语和状语

It was your mother whom I met in the street．我在街上碰到的是你的母亲。

It was in the street that I met your mother.

我是在街上碰到你母亲的。

It was she who had been wrong.

错的是她。

It is what you do rather than what you say ____ matters. (2005天津高考) A. That

B. what

C. which

D. this 本题强调主语, 此时应用that来引导。

4) “Who lived in this part of the world”是定语从句修饰先行词

people。people在定语从句作主语, 故用关系代词who来引导定语从句。

2. I’m sorry to interrupt you but how could they live here?

很抱歉打扰你, 我想问问他们是怎么在这里

生活的？

1) 句型“I’m sorry...but...”是口语中委婉的表达, “but”表示语义上的转折。

--- Are you free this weekend? --- I’m sorry, but l have lots of work to do．

--- 周末有空吗? --- 对不起, 我有大量的事要做。

2) interrupt

vt. & vi.

打断; 中断

别打扰他, 他还没完成呢。

__________________, for he hasn’t finished yet.

他的学习由于战争而中断。

His studies ___________________________. 打岔; 插嘴

It is rude to interrupt. “Don’t interrupt,”

he said. 区别: interrupt 和disturb

interrupt v. 打扰, 打断, 阻碍。常有

“使……停止(中断)”的意思。

His speech was constantly interrupted by applause.

disturb v. 打扰, 妨碍。常指失去了正常的状态或导致困难产生。

Bad dreams disturbed her sleep. 3. We have found human and animal bones in those caves higher up the hill as well as tools and ornaments.

我们在山的比较高的洞穴里发现了动物和人类的骨头以及工具和装饰品。

as well as 1) conj. as well as 可以用来连接两个相同的成分, 如名词, 形容词, 动词, 介词, 通常不位于句首。意为“不但......而且”。

She sings as well as playing the piano.

Helen as well as I is eager to see the performance.

2) prep. 相当于besides, in addition to，

意为“除......之外”, 后面通常接名词或动词。

As well as eating five course meals, they drank two bottles of wine. 4. So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves, regardless of the cold．

因此我们有理由认为他们不顾寒冷住在这些洞穴里。

1) regardless of

不管; 不顾

He climbed the building, regardless of the danger．

不管有多危险, 他还是爬上了大厦。

in spite of We will persevere in spite of past failures. 尽管以前我们失败过,

但仍要坚持下去。

2) assume

vt.

假定; 设想

科学家们设想月球上没有动物。

______________________ that there are no animals on the moon. 装作

她装出一副吃惊的样子。

She __________________________. 担任, 承担

我来承担责任。

I _________________________.

assume后多跟名词, 宾语+ to be + n. / adj. , that 从句。

assuming放在句首, 表一种猜测。

e.g. Assuming (that )it rains tomorrow, what shall we do? 假如明天下雨, 我们该做什么呢？

扩展: assumption

n. make an assumption 5. That would have kept them warm, cooked the food and scared wild animals away as well.

他们用这火取暖、做饭, 还能用火吓跑野兽。

1) would 表示猜测, 译为“想必……”、“肯定会……”

如果汽车当时翻到悬崖下, 他们早就丧命了。

___________________________ if the car had gone over the cliff. 2) keep them warm为keep+宾语+宾语

补足语的结构意为

“使......处于某种状态(情况)”。用作宾语补足语常见的词有现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词以及介词短语。

He kept me waiting for half an hour. Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open. 6. We have been excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick, which suggests that they might

have kept the fire burning all winter.

我们一直在挖掘一层层的积灰, 几乎有六米厚, 这说明他们可能整个冬季都在烧火。

1) have been excavating 现在完成进行时, 意思是一直在挖, 表示过去发生的动作一直不间断地进行到现在, 强调动作的继续。

I have been looking for my lost book for three days, but I still haven’t found it．

我已经找了三天我丢的书, 但仍没找到。

She has been sweeping the street all day. She is too tired.

她一整天都在扫大街, 她太累了。

We have been waiting for you for two hours. We don't want to wait any longer.

我们已经等你两个小时了, 不想再等了。

2) 句中

“

which”

用来引导非限制性定语从句, 先行词为其前的句子。

3) suggest vt. to make evident indirectly; imply

意为“暗示, 意味, 表明”

Her pale face suggests that she was ill.她苍白的脸色表明她病了。

The handwriting of the letter suggests that the letter might be from a lady．

从书信的字体上看, 写信人是一位女性。

A silence that suggested disapproval.沉默暗示着反对。

His face suggest she is happy now．从他脸上能看出他现在很幸福。

His bad manners suggest a lack of family education．他的无礼反映了他缺乏家教。

但当suggest作“建议”讲时, 其用法为:suggest+doing I suggest her going home at once．

我建议她马上回家。

suggest+(that)…

should do…

I suggested (that) she (should) go home at once．我建议她要马上回家。

---How do you ____ we go to Beijing for

our holidays? ---I think we’d better fly there. It’s much

more comfortable.

(2004福建高考)

A. insist

B. want

C. suppose

D. suggest 7. sharpen

vt.

使锋利,尖锐;使强烈

The knife needs sharpening.

The tone of his letters has sharpened recently.

sharp

adj. 锋利的, 尖锐的; 急转的, 陡峭; 突然的, 急剧

a sharp turn

急转弯

a sharp increase

急剧增加

8.

cut up

切碎

工人将木头劈碎。

_____________________________.

早期人类用石器切割动物。

Early man _______________________ animals. cup down

砍倒; 削减

cut away

切掉; 剪掉; 跑开

cut in

插嘴; 突然插入; 超车

cut off

切断, 断绝

cut through

刺穿; 抄近路通过

9. Yes and so well preserved．

……还保存得如此完好。

这是省略的句子, 完整句应是:

…and it is so well preserved (it指necklace)

preserve

vt.

1) 保存; 保护; 收藏

e.g. You can ~ meat or fish in salt.你可以用盐来保存肉或鱼。

10. Yes, indeed, as the botanical analyses have been specifically showing us, all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake．

确实, 正如植物学分析具体显示给我们的那样, 附近所有的土地都曾是大型浅湖的一部分。

as引导的非限制性定语从句常译作“正如…那样”。

As the proverb goes, “The enemy in disguise is just like the wolf in sheep’s clothing.”

正如谚语所说的那样, 伪装的敌人就像是披着羊皮的狼。

2) analysis n. (pl analysis) 分析

I was very much pleased by your analysis of the situation. 我非常满意你对形势的分析。

3) part 前无形容词时, 修饰不可数名词, 前面不用冠词; 其前有形容词时, 修饰可数名词，要用冠词。

The blues has been part of African American culture since then and it is still an important part of American culture．

自从那以后布鲁斯就已经是非美文化的一部分, 而且现在仍是美国文化的重要部分。

Phrases

尝试, 猜测

try a tentative guess

领…到处看show sb around

意识到…be aware that 不管, 不顾regardless of 把…吓走scare sth/sb away 使…一直…keep…doing 切碎cut up 关心, 在意care about 在途中on one’s journey (to sp)

Homework 1. Go over the text. 2. Write a brief introduction to the

Zhoukoudian Caves. 3. Find out the useful words and expressions

in the dialogue.