Grammar教学设计方案

Module 2 Traffic Jam [一积词汇见多识广]

[课内单词回扣] (一)阅读词汇写其义

1．wire n．

电线

3．receipt n. 收据 5．tricycle n. 三轮脚踏车 7．return n. 往返票 (二)表达词汇写其形

1．provide vt. 提供 3．destination n. 目的地；终点 5．fare n. 车费 (三)拓展词汇灵活用

*1.react vi.反应；回应→reaction n．反应；回应

2.solution n．解答；答案→solve vt.解决；处理；解答

3.suburban adj.郊区的；市郊的→suburb n．郊区

4.permit n．执照；许可证→permission n．允许

*5.limit vt.限制n.限度；限制；范围→limited adj.有限的→(反义词)unlimited adj.无限制的→limitation n．限制；局限

*6.impressive adj.给人印象深刻的→impress vt.给……留下印象；使铭记→impression n．印象→impressed adj.(对……)钦佩，有深刻的好印象

*7.convenient adj.方便的→convenience n．方便；便利→(反义词)inconvenience 2．display vt. 展示；陈列

4．mood n. 心情；心境

6．route n. 路线

2．cab n．

出租汽车；计程车

4．air­conditioned adj. 带空调的

6．single n. 单程票

8．blow vt. 吹响(乐器，号角等) n．不便；麻烦

*8.explore vt.探索→explorer n．探险者→exploration n．探索

9.registration n．执照；登记→register v．记录；登记n.名册；登记册

用上面标注*的单词的正确形式填空

1．As an explorer,_he dreams of exploring the outer space one day.(explore) 2．He reacted badly against the boss's decision, whose reaction was also reacting upon his colleagues.(react) 3．The natural resources are limited. Therefore we have no reason to waste the precious resources without limit.(limit) 4．Most of us like the convenience of using credit cards to buy things as they are convenient to carry.(convenient)

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5．When asked about his impression of Beijing, he said that he was deeply impressed by its unique human landscape, and that the Palace Museum was the most impressive architecture he'd ever seen.(impress) [话题单词积累] 1．vehicle/'viːIk(ə)l/ n．

交通工具；车辆

2．transport/træn'spɔːt/ n．& vt. 运输；交通

3．tram/træm/ n. 有轨电车

4．lorry/'lɒrI/ n. (英)运货汽车；卡车

5．truck/trʌk/ n. 卡车；运货车

6．motorcycle/'məʊtəsaIk(ə)l/ n．

摩托车

7．carriage/'kærIdʒ/ n. 四轮马车；(火车)客车厢

8．railway/'reIlweI/ n. 铁路；铁道

9．subway/'sʌbweI/ n. 地铁

10．underground/ʌndə'ɡraʊnd/ n．

地铁

11．aeroplane/'eərəpleIn/ n. (英)飞机

12．aircraft/'eəkrɑːft/ n. 飞机(单复数同形) 13．airliner/'eəlaInə/ n. 班机

14．jet/dʒet/ n. 喷气式飞机

15．flight/flaIt/ n. 航班

16．helicopter/'helIkɒptə/ n. 直升机

17．harbor/'hɑːbə/ n. 港口；码头

18．ferry/'ferI/ n. 渡船

19．widen/'waId(ə)n/ v. 加宽

20．aboard/ə'bɔːd/ prep. 上(船、飞机、火车、汽车等) 21．crossing/'krɒsIŋ/ n. 十字路口；人行横道

22．speed/spiːd/ n. 速度

23．steward/'stjuːəd/ n. (火车、飞机、轮船等)男服务员；男乘务员24．stewardess/'stjuːədIs/ n. 女乘务员，空中小姐

25．terminal/'tɜːmIn(ə)l/ adj. 终点的

26．passenger/'pæsIndʒə/ n. 乘客

[二积短语顿挫抑扬]

[课内短语回扣] (一)根据汉语写出下列短语

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1.be_connected_to

与……相连

*2.be/get_stuck_in 被困在……

*3.in_no_time 马上；一会儿 *4.keep_cool 保持冷静

5.no_way (俚语)肯定不；没门儿

6.switch_off 关上(电灯、电视等)；断掉(电源) *7.get_around 到处旅行；四处走动

8.in_a_good_mood 情绪/心情好

*9.under_construction 正在建设之中

10.drive_sb.mad 使某人发疯

(二)用上面标注*的短语完成下列句子

1．We were/got_stuck_in the traffic jam. Otherwise, we would have caught the train to Hangzhou. 2．Jack had his leg injured. As a result, he had difficulty (in) getting_around. 3．The stadium is under_construction and many people fear that it can't be completed on time. 4．Keeping_cool in an urgent situation is a good quality for a man. 5．On hearing the news, they set out for the earthquake­stricken area in_no_time. [话题短语积累] 1．traffic light

交通指挥灯，红绿灯

2．break the traffic rule 违反交通规则

3．hold up 堵塞

4．deal with 处理

5．set off/out 出发

6．take measures 采取措施

7．take off 起飞

8．drive a car/by car 开小轿车

9．rush hour 交通拥挤时间

10．safe and sound 安然无恙

11．take a bus/by bus 坐公共汽车

12．on foot 步行

13．ride a bike 骑自行车

14．keep left/right 靠左/靠右

15．at the second crossing 在第二个拐弯处

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16．follow the traffic rules 遵守交通规则

[三积句式写作扮靓]

[课内句式仿写] 1．祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句

[例句] Simply raise your hand, and a taxi appears in no time. [仿写] 牢记这一点，我们就可以逐渐地养成这种好的学习习惯，然后从中受益。

Keep_it_in_mind_and gradually we can gain this good learning habit and benefit from it. 2．have ... done“使某事完成……；遭遇某种(不幸)的事情”

[例句] It's a good idea to have your destination written in Chinese. [仿写] 为了环保，我们不妨将这些废品进行回收利用。

For environmental reasons, we'd better have_these_wastes_recycled. 3．not only ... but also ...“不但……而且……”，连接两个并列成分

[例句] You should not only listen to the teacher's and your classmates' pronunciation, but also to tapes and broadcasting. [仿写] 通过这样做，我不仅能与其他人共享好的想法，而且学会了清晰地表达自己。(2015·浙江高考书面表达) By doing so, I can not_only_share_good_ideas with others but_also_learn_to_express myself_clearly. [话题佳句背诵] 1．With the improvement of people's living conditions, more and more families have their own cars. 随着人们生活水平的提高，越来越多的家庭拥有了他们的私家车。

2．It is aimed at

stopping common traffic violations such as speeding, running a red light, drunk driving, driving without license and so on. 其目的是阻止常见的交通违规，例如超速、闯红灯、酒后驾车以及无证驾驶等。

3．What's worse, some drivers, cyclists and pedestrians do not think it vital to obey traffic rules. 更糟糕的是，一些司机、骑自行车者和行人不认为遵守交通规则是至关重要的。

4．In spite of the large­scale construction of roads and highways,

there is still much room

for improvement,

because of the ever increasing number of cars these days. 尽管我们大规模地建设道路和高速公路，但是由于近年来日益增长的汽车数量，对于这个问题还有很大的提升空间。

[四背语段语感流畅]

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With the increasing number of cars, people can get stuck in a traffic jam

anywhere in the world, especially during the rush hour. Traffic jams have become a global problem, which needs to be dealt with

immediately. As for how to solve traffic jams, there are some good solutions. Firstly, our government should take measures to provide fast and convenient public transport. Secondly, our government should try to improve road conditions, such as widening

the narrow streets. Last but not least, everyone of us should follow the traffic rules strictly. Hopefully, we'll suffer fewer traffic jams with our joint efforts. 随着车辆的增加，世界各地的人们都会陷入交通堵塞，尤其是高峰时刻。交通堵塞已成为一个全球问题，这个问题需要立刻解决。关于如何解决交通堵塞，有些好的解决方案。首先，政府应采取措施提供快捷方便的公共交通。其次，政府应该改善路况，例如加宽狭窄的街道。最后但同样重要的是，我们每个人都应该严格遵守交通规则。

希望经过我们的共同努力，我们会遇到更少的交通堵塞。

[第一板块

重点词汇突破]

[师生共研词汇] 1．permit n．执照；许可证；通行证v.允许；许可；容许

[教材原句] You should check the cab has a business permit, and make sure you ask for a receipt. 你得确保出租车有营业执照，并且一定要索取发票。

(1)permit doing sth.

permit sb.to do sth. 允许做某事

允许某人做某事



2weather/time permitting if weather/time permits天气/时间允许的话

允许；许可

请求许可

未经许可

(3)permission n. ask for permission without permission ①Passengers are permitted to_carry (carry) only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane. 乘客只被允许带一件手提行李登机。

②Time permitting (permit), I will see you after the meeting. 时间允许的话，会议结束后我去看你。

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③No reference books are to be taken out of the reading room without permission. 未经许可，本阅览室的参考书不得带出去。

2．provide vt.提供；规定；准备；供应

[高考佳句] Through the years，I'd run into former students who would provide

update on old classmates.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)

多年来，我遇到过以前的学生，他们会提供老同学的最新消息。

1provide sb.with sth.

provide sth.for sb.向某人提供某物

(2)provided (that) ... ＝ providing (that) ... 倘若；在……情况/条件下

①Not only does the camp offer teenagers a good chance to enjoy an exciting sport, but it also provides us with a chance to know more about Chinese traditional culture.(2015·北京高考书面表达) 这次训练营不仅为青少年提供了一次好的享受令人兴奋的运动的机会，而且还为我们提供了一次进一步了解中国传统文化的机会。

②I will accompany you provided/providing_that I am well enough. 在我身体足够好的情况下，我就陪伴你。

3．convenient adj.方便的；便利的；附近的

[教材原句] Trains are fast and convenient, but rush hours can be terrible. 地铁快捷方便，但是在交通高峰时段情况就可能非常糟糕。

(1)It is/was convenient for sb.to do sth.

sth.be convenient for/to sb. sth.be convenient for sth. (2)convenience n. at one's convenience for convenience 对于某人来说做某事是方便的

对某人来说某事是方便的

某物离某物很近

方便；便利

在某人方便的时候

为了方便起见

①If it's convenient for/to you, let's meet at 8：30 outside the school gate.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达) 如果对你来说方便的话，我们8：30在学校门口见面。

②Can you telephone me at_your_convenience to arrange a meeting? 你能不能在方便时给我打电话，安排见一次面？

③In a word, “wild release” makes it much more convenient for us to_choose (choose) what books we like.

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(2015·重庆高考满分作文) 总之，“自由分享”可以让我们更方便的选择我们喜欢的书籍。

④The house is very convenient for several schools. 这座房子离几所学校都很近。

[名师指津] convenient作表语时，不可用人作主语，而要用事物作主语或用it来充当形式主语，后接不定式的主动形式。

[语境串记] I bought this apartment for convenience, for it is very convenient for me to take buses and it has a lot of conveniences. 我买这栋公寓是因为方便，因为我乘坐公交车很方便，而且它也有很多便利设施。

4．mood n．心情；心境；情绪

[教材原句] Motorists could take a bus into the city centre and arrive at work or the shops relaxed and in a good mood. 乘车者可以乘坐公共汽车进入市中心，并以一种好的精神状态上班或购物休闲。

be in a good/bad mood

心情好/不好

be in no/the mood for (doing) sth./to do sth. (没)有做某事的心情

①Today he is in the mood to_have (have) a word with us. 今天他心情很好，愿与我们谈一谈。

②She was very tired, and in no mood for dancing. 她累极了，无心跳舞。

③What in the world puts you in a really bad mood? 到底是什么让你心情如此不好？

[词汇过关练] Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．If you want to go camping, we can provide you with a tent. 2．A series of ancient Chinese coins were on_ display in an exhibition held in Nanjing. 3．After working all day, he was so tired that he was in no mood to_go (go) to the party with us. 4．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)The government has already permitted the company to_use (use) special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly. 5．I'd like to place things where it is convenient_to_get (get) them. 6．Among the guests at the party, the pianist was the most_impressive (impressive)．

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7．When we use our limited (limit) natural resources, each of us should be more aware and careful. 8．The firm has reacted to the workers' complaint by dismissing the manager. 9．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)We hope that our work will help with technological solutions (solve) to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel. 10．These new discoveries have broken new ground in the exploration (explore) of the universe. Ⅱ.单句改错

1．The website provides students for free information about how to choose a good college.for→with

2．You're not allowed to drive if you don't have a permission.permission→permit

3．Iron reacts to water and air to produce rust.第一个to→with

4．It's you that choose to be in good mood or bad mood.in后加a 5．I keep my reference books near my desk at convenience.at→for

Ⅲ.单句写作(一句多译) 1．如果天气条件允许，我们明天就去长城。

①If_weather_permits,_we will go to the Great Wall tomorrow.(if) ②Weather_permitting,_we will go to the Great Wall tomorrow.(独立主格结构) 2．如果你身上有钱，

你就可以买你喜欢的任何东西。

①You can buy whatever you like on_condition_that_there_is_money_on_you. (condition) ②Provided/Providing_that_there_is_money_on_you,_you can buy whatever you like.(provided/providing that ...) 3．你能在你方便的时候过来帮我一把吗？

①Can you come and give me a hand at_your_convenience? (convenience) ②Can you come and give me a hand when_it_is_convenient_to/for_you? (convenient) [第二板块

短语、句式突破]

1．be/get stuck in被困在……

[教材原句] Have you ever been stuck in a traffic jam? 你曾经遇上过堵车吗？

be/get caught in ＝ be/get trapped in

被困在……

be stuck with

stick out

遇到困难无法进行下去；无法摆脱

伸出；突出

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stick to 坚持；信守

①The firefighters managed to save a girl who was stuck in the big fire. 消防队员设法救出了被困在大火中的一个女孩。

②I could see one end of the letter sticking out of John's pocket. 我能看到信的末段从约翰的口袋里伸出来。

③I hated practicing the piano, but I stuck_to it and now I can play it pretty well. 我讨厌练习弹钢琴，但还是坚持了下来，现在我演奏得很好。

2．in no time马上；一会儿

[教材原句] Simply raise your hand, and a taxi appears in no time. 只要你招招手，马上就会有出租车开过来。

in time

on time at a time at one time at times at the same time at no time

及时；最终

准时；按时

每次；一次

曾经；一度

有时；偶尔

同时

在任何时候都不；决不(位于句首时，句子

要用部分倒装) ①It is important to pay your electricity bill on_time,_as late payments may affect your credit.(2016·浙江高考单选) 按时缴付电费很重要，因为晚交电费可能会影响你的信用。

②Many people are at the same start, but seldom do they arrive at the ending point at_the_same_time. 许多人起点相同，但他们很少同时到达终点。

③At_no_time_did I tell you that you could use my computer. 我从来没有告诉过你可以用我的电脑。

3．get around到处旅行；四处走动；(消息等)传播开来；说服；回避；克服(困难) [教材原句] Public transport provides a cheap way to get around in Beijing. 公共交通为(人们)游览北京提供了一种低价位的出行方式。

[一词多义] 写出下列句中get around的含义

①It's hard to get around

in some foreign cities if you don't know the language.到处旅行

②How can he get around

his problem and get an invitation to the girl's upcoming

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birthday party？克服(困难) ③Nothing gets around faster than bad news.(消息等)传播开来

④You can't

get around

the fact that the price was perfectly fair and reasonable.回避

⑤She's trying to get around her father to buy her a new car.说服

get sth. across (to sb.) 将(想法、信息等)传达(给某人)；使(某人)理解

get along/on with 进展；与……相处

get down to (doing) sth. 开始认真/着手做某事

get over 克服(困难)；解决(问题) get through 通过(考试)；完成(工作或任务)；打通电话；度过，熬过(困难时期等) ⑥Do you know his daughter will get_down_to_the project? 你知道他的女儿将开始做这个计划吗？

⑦I am tired of the partner I have been working with because he is hard to get_along_with. 我厌烦这个与我一直在一起工作的伙伴，因为他很难相处。

4．It's a good idea to have_your_destination_written in Chinese. 把你的目的地用汉语写出来是一个不错的想法。

本句中含有“have sth.done”结构，此结构中的宾语与宾语补足语之间是被动关系。

have的相关用法如下：

(1)have sth.done

have sb.do sth. have sb.doing sth.

(2)have sth.to do have sth.to be done 使某事完成；遭遇某种(不幸的)事情

让某人做某事

允许某人做某事(常用于否定句中)；让某

人一直做某事(多用于肯定句中) 有某事要做(主语自己做) 有某事要做(不是主语自己做) ①He had his leg broken (break) when he fell off his bike. 他从自行车上掉下来的时候，把腿摔断了。

②I can't have you speaking (speak) to your mother in a rude manner. You must apologize to her immediately. 我不允许你用粗鲁的方式跟你的妈妈说话，你必须立刻向她道歉。

③Don't be worried. I'll have Tom help (help) you finish the work. 别担心，我会让汤姆帮你完成工作。

5．You should not_only listen to the teacher's and your classmates' pronunciation, but_also to tapes and broadcasting.

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你不但应该听老师和同学们的发音，而且还要听录音带和广播。

not only ... but also ...“不但……而且……”，用于连接并列成分。

(1)用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分，着重强调后者，其意为“不但……而且……”；其中的also可以省略。

(2)若连接两个句子，且not only位于句首时，not only后面的句子要用部分倒装。

(3)若连接的两个成分作主语，其谓语动词的数通常与邻近的成分保持一致。

①It was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous, for not_only_its_beauty_but_also its weather. 直到我来到这儿才意识到这个地方很有名，不仅是它的美丽还有它的天气。

②Not only should_we_raise_money for them, but also we should help them rebuild their homes. 我们不仅应该为他们筹集资金，而且应该帮助他们重建家园。

③Not only the children but also their coach likes (like) playing football. 不仅是孩子们，他们的教练也喜欢踢足球。

[短语、句式过关练] Ⅰ.stick单句语法填空

1．The bus got stuck (stick) in the heavy snow and we had to walk the rest of the way. 2．Stick to your principles, and you will win through. Ⅱ.time短语填空

1．As a proverb goes, “Where there is a will, there is a way.” Our efforts will pay off in_time. 2．This restaurant can accommodate two hundred people at_a_time. 3．At_no_time did I say I would blame you for your being slow in your English study. 4．The wounded soldier should be sent to the hospital in_no_time. 5．This used to be a very pretty valley at_one_time. Ⅲ.get短语填空

1．The news soon got_around that several people had been arrested for selling drugs. 2．We are certain that he will get_over his illness. 3．He said that we should get_through the hard times together. 4．Uncle Jack can be rather difficult to get_along_with at times, even though he's a nice person in general.

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Ⅳ.运用所学短语完成下面语段

At one time 1.getting_around (到处旅行) in the city was only a dream for us. The road conditions were so bad that on rainy days we often 2.got_stuck_in (使困在) the mud, which sometimes 3.drove_us_mad (使我们发疯). But to everyone's joy, a new highway is 4.under_construction (正在建设之中). When it is completed, our village will 5.be_connected_to (与……相连) the city. We will have more chances to get away from the village. 6.What's_more (而且), it is more likely that we will get rid of poverty. Ⅴ.句型转换

1．He's going to have someone paint their house. →He's going to have_their_house_painted. 2．Much of the west of China is worthy to be developed. →Much of the west of China is_worth_developing. 3．If you stand there, you'll have a good view of the city. →Stand_there_and you'll have a good view of the city. 4．For one thing, it not only helps to build up our physical health, but also helps us learn more efficiently in turn. →For one thing, not only does_it_help_to_build_up our physical health, but also helps us learn more efficiently in turn. [课堂双线提能]

课堂一刻钟演练，实现教材与高考的对接

提能一

用课文词汇写高分作文

permit， suburb， display， mood， destination， convenient， get around， be stuck in， under construction 1．补全要点句(“黑体”部分选用上面方框中的单词或短语) ①天气允许的话，我们下周末就去郊区旅行。

If weather permits,_we will go to the suburb_to get_around next weekend. ②在郊区有各种各样的植物在展览。

In the suburb there are a variety of plants on display. ③安静轻松的环境会给我们带来好心情。

The quiet and relaxing environment will bring us a good mood. ④道路正在建设之中。

The road is under_construction. ⑤为了不陷入交通堵塞，我们下周六下午5：00将动身去目的地。

In order not to be_stuck_in traffic jams, we will leave for our destination at

12

5：00 pm next Saturday. ⑥如果你方便的话，可以来加入我们。

If it is convenient for you, you can come and join us. 2．升级平淡句

(1)用独立主格结构改写句①

Weather_permitting,_we_will_go_to_the_suburb_to_get_around_next_weekend. (2)用定语从句改写句②并与句①连接

Weather_permitting,_we_will_go_to_the_suburb_to_get_around_next_weekend,_where_there_are_a_variety_of_plants_on_display. 3．衔接成语篇(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：in my opinion, so, and) Weather permitting, we will go to the suburb to get around next weekend, where there are a variety of plants on display. In my opinion, the quiet and relaxing environment will bring us a good mood. The road is under construction, so in order not to be stuck in traffic jams, we will leave for our destination at 5：00 pm next Saturday and if it is convenient for you, you can come and join us. 提能二

用课文句型解构高考长难句

[本单元突破点——状语从句＋祈使句＋宾语从句]

课文长难句

经典例句

比较分析

真题尝试翻译

If

you get on a double­decker 本句含有If引导的条件状bus, make sure you sit upstairs. If you are a fruit grower —

语从句，主句为祈使句，主句中又含宾语从句。

如果你是一名水果种植者，或是想成为一个这样的人，好好利用苹果节来看看都有什么吧。

真题长难句

or would like to become one 本句含有If引导的条件状— take advantage of Apple 语从句，主句为祈使句，主Day to see what's around. (2016·全国卷Ⅲ阅读理解C) 句中又含宾语从句。

交通堵塞是日常生活中经常遇到的令人头疼的事情，随着人们生活水平的提高，私家车的增加，这一问题愈来愈严重。“交通堵塞”话题在往年的高考题中屡屡出现，此话题通常出现在阅读理解或完形填空题中，记叙文、说明文、议论文均有出现。

话题与语篇

[考题示例]

(2015·湖南高考阅读A)

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—JML [14]Write

to

Viewpoints

of

the

newspaper. 1．Michael Horan wrote the letter mainly to show that ________. A．drivers should be polite to cyclists B．road accidents can actually be avoided C．some pedestrians are a threat to road safety D．walking while using phones hurts one's eyes 2．Carol Harvey suggests that cyclists should ________. A．be provided with enough roads B．be asked to ride on their own lanes C．be made to pay less tax for cycling D．be fined for laughing at policemen 3．What is a complaint of JML? A．Very few drivers are insured. B．Cyclists ride fast on pavements. C．Pedestrians go through red traffic lights. D．Horse riders disrespect other road users. 4．The underlined word “they” in the third letter refers to ________.

A．accidents

C．pedestrians B．vehicles D．cyclists 5．The three letters present viewpoints on ________. A．real sources of road dangers B．ways to improve road facilities C．measures to punish road offences D．increased awareness of road rules [策略指导]

(一)这样读文

第1步：宏观把握文章大意

分层

第1段

抓关键句

第1段画波浪线部分

概括层意

引出话题——谁才是马路安全隐患的威胁，展开讨论

行文结构

引入话题，展开讨论

(总) 第一位读者来信(分) 第二位读者来信(分) 第2～4段

第2段画波浪线部分

行人可能是最大的交通隐患

第5～9段

第9段画波浪线部分

发表观点——骑自行车的人

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是马路安全隐患的威胁者

第10～13段

第10段画波浪线部分

第14段画波浪线部分

反映骑自行车的人的不良行为，发表观点：他们是马路安全隐患的威胁

告知来信地址

告知读者来信地址

第三位读者来信(分) 第14段

第2步：微观突破理解障碍

People of all ages happily walk along the pavement with eyes and hands glued to the mobile phone, quite unaware of what is going on around them. [句式分析] “with eyes and hands glued to the mobile phone”是with复合结构作伴随状语，形容词短语“quite unaware of what is going on around them”作状语，其中的what引导宾语从句，what在从句中作主语。

[自主翻译] 所有年龄段的人都在人行道上愉快地走着，眼睛和手都粘在手机上，他们完全不知道他们周围在发生着什么。

(二)这样做题

[名师解题] 1．细节理解题。选C 根据第二段中的最后一句“But pedestrians are probably the worse offenders (但是，行人可能才是更严重的威胁者)．”可知Michael Horan的观点是，行人对道路安全造成威胁，故选C。A、D两项“曲解文意”；B项“无中生有”。

2．细节理解题。选B 根据第九段的第一句中的“The cyclists should all have to be made to use the cycle lanes and wear helmets”可知Carol Harvey建议骑自行车的人应该被要求使用自行车道。故选B。A、D两项“无中生有”，C项曲解文意。

3．细节理解题。选B 根据第十段可知JML抱怨骑自行车的人骑得太快，对道路安全造成隐患，故选B。A项为“曲解文意”型错误，C项为“张冠李戴”型错误，D项为“无中生有”型错误。

4．代词指代题。选D 根据倒数第二段“It's about time they had to be ... an opportunity to claim.”JML认为骑自行车的人应该注册登记，以便在发生交通事故时追究责任，所以“They”在此指的是cyclists。故选D。A、B、C三项属于“曲解文意”型错误。

5．主旨大意题。选A 根据文章的标题和三位读者的来信不难发现这篇文章主要是围绕到底谁(骑自行车的人或者行人)才是道路安全存在的隐患。故选A。B、C、D三项为曲解文意。

[阅读理解系列技法14] 应用文类阅读理解解题技法

1．略读：通过略读，领略内容大意，帮助理解，为细读做准备。寻找主题句，获取大

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意，找出每段的主题。理解主题句与文章的具体事实细节的关系，对文章进行整体理解，获取文章表达的正确信息。

2．跳读：寻找所需信息，如年代、数字、人名、地名等，把握住关键词，利用语法过渡词、语气转折词及时态等，抓住文章脉络。

3．细读：分段细读，注意细节及语言结构，抓住关键信息，解释文章结构的内在联系，帮助深化理解。

(三)这样积累

1．debate n．

辩论；辩论会 3．pavement n. 人行道；路面 5．be unaware of 没有察觉到 7．shout at sb. 对某人大喊

[单元检测·高考提能]

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A Nearly every driver has experienced that feeling of great tiredness, where it becomes almost impossible to stay awake at the wheel. 14­year­old Katherine Wu is too young to have experienced this situation firsthand. However, she noticed how difficult it was for her dad to remain awake while driving back from their family vacations in Florida to their home in Maryland. Her mom had to talk to her dad all the way. “So I created a tool that can be used instead of my mom talking to my dad to make sure he stays awake and is safe，” she says.

Her invention, “Driver's Companion”， can notice driver sleepiness and warn the driver if he or she is too tired to be on the road. The user wears a headset (耳机), which sends information about the driver's brain waves (脑电波) to a tiny computer. The computer can be placed in front of the driver. The system then gives warnings, if needed. As the driver becomes sleepier, red color will be shown to warn him or her. The driver will also hear messages warning him to get off the road. The machine can say, “You're tired. Please take a break.”

After sending her invention to the 2014 Discovery Education 3M Young Scientist Challenge, Wu was chosen as a finalist and was able to work with Dr. Jesse Miller, who is a product development specialist. “He helped me understand how important it is to make sure that my invention

17 2．behave vi. 表现 4．welfare n. 福利；幸福 6．at least 至少

8．go through 参加；经受；通过

worked for the people who were using it and that it was user­friendly，” Wu says.

As a young scientist, Wu has some advice for other students of her age: “I would like to tell them that they should choose something they're interested in. So they'll be willing to spend more time on it and enjoy working on it more. Also, when there's difficulty, they should just continue working hard because they'll get over it.”

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一个美国女孩发明了一种防止疲劳驾驶的装置。

1．Why did Wu's mother talk to her dad all the way? A．To prevent an accident. B．To help him feel relaxed. C．To discuss their vacations. D．To make the trip enjoyable. 解析：选A 推理判断题。由第一段中的“she noticed how difficult it was for her dad to remain awake while driving back”可知，Wu的母亲为了防止意外发生，一路上不断地跟Wu的父亲说话以使其保持清醒，故选A。

2．What is the purpose of “Driver's Companion”？

A．To show drivers the way. B．To prevent drunk driving. C．To improve driving skills. D．To help drivers stay awake. 解析：选D 细节理解题。由第三段中的“‘Driver's Companion’， can notice driver sleepiness and warn the driver if he or she is too tired to be on the road”可知，“司机伙伴”能够让司机保持清醒，故选D。

3．Which of the following shows how Driver's Companion works? A．Sleepiness→Headset→Warnings→Computer

B．Sleepiness→Warnings→Headset→Computer

C．Sleepiness→Headset→Computer→Warnings

D．Sleepiness→Computer→Headset→Warnings

解析：选C 细节理解题。由第四段中的相关内容可知，C项正确描述了“司机伙伴”的工作顺序。

4．Wu advises other young students ________. A．to enjoy their lives B．to learn to love science C．not to do dangerous jobs D．not to give up what they love

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解析：选D 细节理解题。由最后一段中的“they should choose something they're interested in”和最后一句可知，Wu建议其他学生要敢于选择自己感兴趣的事情并且坚持做下去，故选D。

B About three decades ago, China was known as the “Bicycle Kingdom”．But the two­wheeled transport's popularity began to fade, with many bikes soon replaced by their fuel­powered competitors.

But recent months have seen a renaissance of the bike across China, with an increasing number of people choosing cycling instead of driving to schools, to workplaces or to do sightseeing.The introduction of bike­sharing schemes, first developed by new companies like Ofo and Mobike, has brought the trend to a new level.According to data from iResearch Consulting Group, the first week of this year saw 5.85 million active users of Mobike while Ofo had 1.4 million active users. People can unlock the shared bikes by simply using their smartphones.The bikes are equipped with GPS and can be left anywhere in public places for the next user.They're popular among many Chinese people as they provide an effective answer to the “last mile” problem, which refers to a person's final journey.“In places where the subway doesn't reach and where it's difficult to change from one kind of transport to another, it's so easy to get where you want to go with Mobike，” Hu Hong, 29, said.She rides a bike to work. However, the schemes have also led to problems such as illegal parking, vandalism (故意破坏) and theft.“Bike­sharing is a greener method of transportation and provides a user­friendly experience，” said Liu Xiaoming, Vice­Minister of Transport.“But it's a combination of online and offline business.Operators are usually strong in online services, but lack offline business experience.”

In fact, these problems are also shared by bike­sharing schemes abroad.Set up in 2007, Vélib is a large­scale public bike sharing system in Paris.By October, 2009, a large number of Vélib's initial bikes had to be replaced due to vandalism or theft.Bikes were found hanging from lampposts (街灯柱) or thrown into the Seine River. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。共享单车在中国兴起，这种创新的交通方式让人们的出行变得更便利的同时也存在着诸多问题。

5．What can we learn about Ofo and Mobike from the text? A．Their bikes are aimed at people who can't afford a car.

19

B．They are pioneers in the field of bike sharing in China. C．There are 7.25 million people using their bikes this year. D．No other bike­sharing system in the world can match theirs.

解析：选B 细节理解题。由第二段的“The introduction of bike­sharing schemes, first developed by new companies like Ofo and Mobike”可知，Ofo和Mobike是最早把单车共享方案引入中国的公司，也就是说，它们是中国单车共享领域内的开辟者。

6．Why are shared bikes convenient according to Hu Hong? A．They can be shared by a lot of different people. B．They allow people to use various forms of transport. C．They are a useful addition to other means of transport. D．They are accessible as long as people have smartphones. 解析：选C 推理判断题。由第三段Hu Hong的话可知，在地铁到不了的地方和难以更换交通方式的地方，共享单车可以轻易地带你去任何你想去的地方；由此可以推知，她认为共享单车方便是因为它们是对其他交通方式有用的补充。

7．What do we know about the existing problems with bike sharing? A．They are actually universal phenomena. B．They are brought by bike­sharing users.

C．They are mainly caused by the operators. D．They are the results of illegal companies. 解析：选A 细节理解题。由最后两段尤其是最后一段的“these problems are also shared by bike­sharing schemes abroad”可知，单车共享存在的问题是一种国内外都普遍的现象。

8．What could be the best title for the text? A．What problems does bike sharing face in China? B．Bike sharing: a new battle begins in China C．Why is bike sharing popular in China? D．Bike sharing is booming in China 解析：选D 标题归纳题。阅读全文可知，本文主要介绍了共享单车在中国兴起的情况，并说明了它的好处与随之而来的问题。

Ⅱ.完形填空

In the middle of town lived an old man. One day he __1__ his watch in his own store. It was __2__ to him because it was from his wife. After searching __3__ in the store for a long while, he __4__ to ask for help from a group of children playing outside the store. He __5__ them that the person who found it would be rewarded.

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__6__ this, the children hurried inside the store, went through and around the __7__ store, but still could not find the watch. Soon the man felt hopeless and wanted to __8__. A little boy went up to him and asked for another __9__. The man looked at him and thought, “Why not? __10__， this kid looks sincere enough.”__11__ the man sent him back in the store. After a while the boy __12__ with the watch in his hand! The man was very __13__， and he asked the boy how he found it while the others had __14__. The boy replied, “I did nothing but sat on the ground and __15__. Then I heard the ticking (滴答声) of the watch and just looked for it in that __16__.”

We usually think about our own needs, which can't bring peace into our mind. __17__ we need to think about ourselves and keep peaceful for a while, which can produce a __18__ result. So allow a few minutes of __19__ to your mind every day, and see how it helps you deal with your work and make __20__ as you expect to! 语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者主要通过找表这样一个小故事告诉我们给自己的大脑片刻宁静非常重要。

1．A.lost

C．hid B．broke D．fixed 解析：选A 由下文的“searching”“found”以及“still could not find the watch”可知，他把表弄“丢了(lost)”。

2．A.close C．similar B．strange D．important 解析：选D 由该空后的“because it was from his wife”可知，这块表对他来说非常“重要(important)”。

3．A.young and old C．high and low B．heavy and light D．black and white 解析：选C 这位老人在店里“上上下下(high and low)”找了个遍。

4．A.forgot C．agreed B．decided D．learned 解析：选B 由下文孩子们进店找表的行为可知，他“决定(decided)”让在店外玩耍的孩子们进来帮忙。

5．A.warned C．worried B．taught D．promised 解析：选D 由该空后的“the person who found it would be rewarded”可知，他向孩子们“承诺(promised)”：谁找到了表，就有奖赏。

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6．A.Hearing C．Wearing B．Seeing D．Feeling 解析：选A “听到(Hearing)”他的承诺，孩子们冲进了店里。

7．A.big C．whole B．dirty D．busy 解析：选C 孩子们为了找到表，搜遍了“整个(whole)”店。

8．A.set off C．calm down B．give up D．show off 解析：选B 由该空前的“the man felt hopeless”可知，他想要“放弃(give up)”了。

9．A.date C．meeting B．reason D．chance 解析：选D 由下文的“the man sent him back in the store”可知，一个小男孩请老人再给他一次“机会(chance)”。

10．A.After all C．At first B．So far D．As usual 解析：选A 由该空前后内容可知，这里是说：为什么不呢？“毕竟(After all)”这个孩子看上去十分真诚。

11．A.But C．So B．Or D．Unless 解析：选C 老人认为这个孩子真诚，因此又让他进了店，前后之间是因果关系，故填So。

12．A.ran away C．fell down B．came out D．went back 解析：选B 由上文的“the man sent him back in the store”可知，过了一会儿，小男孩手里握着表“出来(came out)”了。

13．A.angry C．nervous B．proud D．surprised 解析：选D 看到自己的表被找到了，这位老人十分“惊喜(surprised)”。

14．A.failed C．regretted B．finished D．doubted 解析：选A 由上文内容可知，其他孩子都没有找到表而这个小男孩成功了，故填failed。

15．A.played

B．waited 22

C．listened D．watched 解析：选C 由该空后的“Then I heard the ticking (滴答声) of the watch”可知，这个小男孩坐在地上开始仔细地“听(listened)”。

16．A.station C．situation B．direction D．darkness 解析：选B 听到手表的滴答声，然后朝着那个“方向(direction)”找去。

17．A.Luckily C．Besides B．Possibly D．Instead 解析：选D 我们往往只考虑自己的需求，这样就无法让我们的心平静下来。“相反(Instead)”，我们应该从自身的角度去想一想，这样才会带来“好的(good)”结果。

18．A.clear C．direct 解析：选B 参见上题解析。

19．A.silence C．pleasure B．exercise D．conversation B．good D．natural 解析：选A 由上文的“keep peaceful for a while”可知，这里是说给自己的大脑片刻“宁静(silence)”。

20．A.noises C．progress B．sense D．mistakes 解析：选C 由该空前的“helps you deal with your work”和该空后的“as you expect to”可知，这里是说取得“进步(progress)”。

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