资料摘要
Period One Teaching aims: 1. To revise the structure of the sentence. 2. To learn how to use them. Difficult and important points: 1. Get the students
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Grammar教学设计一等奖
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关键词:Grammar教学设计一等奖
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Period One
Teaching aims:
1. To revise the structure of the sentence. 2. To learn how to use them. Difficult and important points: 1. Get the students to know how to master the structure. 2. Get the students use freely. Teaching procedures:
Step 1. 主、谓、宾
(主+谓+宾
;主+系+表)
1、主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。在原始的简单句中,主语可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词表示。例如:
During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(名词)
We often speak English in class.(代词)
One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词)
The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词)
2、谓语(动词):谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下:
1).简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:He practices running every morning.
2).复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. (2)由系动词加表语构成。如:We are students. 在英语中一个简单句只能有一个谓语动词(知道为什么吗),而且,我们平时学习的时态是针对谓语动词来说。如果以do为例,do, did ,have done, will do, had done, is/am/are doing, was/were doing, would do。在简单句中,谓语动词和主语是句子的核心,是不可以随意删掉的。
3、宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承受者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如:
They went to see an exhibition(展览)yesterday.(名词)
The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.(代词)
How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.(数词)
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.(名词化形容词)
4、表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词。
1
Our teacher of English is an American.(名词)
4、表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词。
Our teacher of English is an American.(名词)
Is it yours?(代词)
The weather has turned cold.(形容词)
The speech is exciting.(分词)
Three times seven is twenty one?(数词)
Step 2.定语和状语
在简单句中,只要满足上面两种结构,就可以把一件简单的事说清楚,但随着英语的逐渐演变,又演变出两种新的成分,可以对句子进行修饰和补充,我们称之为定语和状语。
1、定语:修饰名词或代词的词为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示:(在汉语里,定语可以翻译成…的)
Guilin is a beautiful city.(形容词)
China is a developing country; America is a developed country.(分词)
There are thirty women teachers in our school.(名词)
His rapid progress in English made us surprised.(代词)
2、状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。
状语在高中是一个相对抽象的概念,在简单句中状语一般由副词充当,修饰动词和形容词为主,除此之外,介词短语在简单句中也喜欢扮演状语的作用,这个语法点主要存在于我们的语法填空和短文改错中。
I'm
playing football on the playground. 我在操场上踢足球。(地点)
They stayed up last night.他们昨晚熬夜了。(时间)
He ate too much because of hunger。因为饥饿他吃的太多了(原因)
In order to hear better, he always takes a seat in the first row.为了听得更清楚,他总是坐前排的座位。(目的) Step 3. 非谓语动词
随着英语的逐渐演变,在某些简单句中,相对应的句子成分不能用单词进行描述。
主(多喝水)+ is great for your health.(Drinking more water)
2
I love 宾(踢足球).(playing football)
My hobby is 表(玩电脑游戏). (playing the computer games)
I has bought a book(王先生写的)等等。(written by Mr. Wang)
我们发现,在上面的模型里,没有办法用一个单词进行描述,所以在演变的过程中,出来一个新的语法成分,叫做非谓语动词短语(to do ,doing, done,注意done与did的区别)
1、只加不定式作宾语的动词:plan, demand, promise, help, prepare, decide, refuse, choose, wish/hope, expect, fail, pretend, manage, determine, beg, arrange, threaten, claim, hesitate, happen等。
2、只加动名词作宾语的动词:admit, avoid, consider, escape, imagine, mind, miss, practice, suggest, advise, allow, permit, risk, prevent, resist(抵抗), deny(拒绝), forbid,advocate(提倡), forgive, acknowledge(承认), postpone(使延期), delay, fancy(喜爱), recall,finish/complete等
3、下面这些短语只能加doing作宾语:be addicted to, be accustomed to, get down to, lead to ,contribute to, devote oneself to , object to, look forward to, owing to, become/get/be used to, pay attention to等等。
4、既可以加to do, 也可以加doing的动词,且意思很相近的动词:intend, attempt, continue, begin, start等。
3
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来自:学校:泽州县第二中学校
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