Grammar and usage(1): Modal verbs: general introduction教案设计范例

Module 4 Unit 2 sports event Grammar 情态动词(Modal verbs)

I. Warming up Read the following sentences: 1. I couldn’t speak English 5 years ago. Now I can speak it fluently. 2. ---Can I take this book out of the library?

---No, you can’t. 3. Can you speak slowly? I can’t catch what you said. 4. You must work out to keep fit. 5. Peter may come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet. 6. I am sorry I am late. May I come in? 7. ---Shall we dine out tonight?

---That sounds a good idea. 8. I am going to the library. Will you go with me? 9. You should not eat too much before swimming. 10. You needn’t go on a diet but you mustn’t overeat. II. Lead-in

General introduction. 1. 具有一定的词义

2.不能单独使用，必须和不带to的动词不定式（动词原形）一起构成谓语。情态动词后面的动词不定式可以是一般式（do）,也可以是完成式（have done）和进行式（be doing）。

3.无人称和数的变化。

III. Presentation (content & task) 一、

情态动词的基本用法

1. can

1）表示

（体力、知识、技能）=

。过去的能力用

区别: 当表示过去经过努力成功地做到,只能用

=

有多种时态;可用于其他情态动词和不定式后（见课本p. 30）

1)The fire spread through the hotel so quickly that only 10 people______ escape from it. A. can

B. could

C. are able to

D. were able to 用can和be able to的适当形式填空

2) Tom might

win the game. 3) He

speak three languages so far. 4) My brother

play basketball well. 5) It is nice to

attend your party. 2）表示请求许可或提出要求。could语气更委婉。

---Could I write the letter in ink?

---Yes, you

. ☆3) can表示客观可能性，翻译成

。

1

It can be as hot as 38℃ in Nanjing in summer. It can be quite windy there, especially in spring. ☆4) can表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度），用于

句、

句中。

可能性: can

could Mr. Smith is on time for everything. How

he be late for the opening ceremony? The young girl

be our new chairman.这个年轻姑娘不可能是我们的新主席。

5）习惯用法：cannot be… too ...

You cannot be too careful when crossing the road. I cannot be too glad to show you around the city. I can’t agree more.

2. must

1）表示必须。

mustn’t 表示

“

”。

---Must we hand in our exercise books today? --- No, you

. 2) must表

，

have to则强调

。

The play isn’t interesting. I really

go now. We

go now, or we will miss the last bus.

☆3) 表示“偏要”, “非得”,多用于

句和

句中

If you must go, at least wait till the rain stops. Must you play the piano now , Tom? Your younger brother is sleeping. I have told you many times.

？

为什么你偏要在课堂上讲话呢？

4) 表肯定的，有把握的推测，意为

，只用于肯定句中。

The road is wet. It must have rained last night. 3. may/might

1) 表推测，不确定，意为：“

”；may/might not意为

---Is John coming by train?

---He should, but he may not. He likes driving his car. 2) 表示请求和允许。might比

may语气更委婉。

--- May/Might I take this book out of the room? ---Yes, you

.

(No, you

/

. ) 3）用于祈使句，表示祝愿。

May you succeed! ☆4) 习惯用法：may / might as well + do “

”

Since it is raining hard , you might as well stay at home.

4. shall

1)常用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，用于征求对方的意见。

Shall we begin our discussion? Shall the driver wait outside? ☆2)用于第二、三人称陈述句，表示

“命令、警告、允诺、威胁”或规定。

You shall get a Teddy bear as a birthday gift.

表

You shall remain in your seats until all the papers have been collected. 表

According to the rule, anyone who cheats in the exam shall be punished. 表

2

5. will/would

1) Will/Would you…?用于请求对方做某事。

Will you pass me the ball, please? 请把你的自行车借给我，好吗？

？

2) will表示意志、愿望和决心，意为：“

，

”

I will never do that again. They asked him if he would go abroad.

☆3)will表示现在的一种习惯、倾向性。

would表示过去习惯、倾向性,

She will sit there for hours doing nothing. In class he would ask some silly questions, and his classmates would laugh at him.

The door won’t open, no matter how hard I try. 翻译：

That morning, the car wouldn’t start.翻译：

练一练

用can, could, must, have to, may, might, will, would的适当形式填空。

1.

The importance of saving gas

be stressed too much. Automobiles use up to 70 billion gallons of gas a year.

2.

---Are you coming to John’s party? ---I’m not sure. I

go to the concert instead. 3.

---I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter. ---It

be true because there was little snow there. 4.

Children under 12 years of age in that country

be under adult supervision when in a public library. 5.

The cake is very sweet. You

have put a lot of sugar in it. 6.

---May I smoke here? ---If you

, choose a seat in the smoking section. 7.

Black holes

not be seen directly, so determining the number of them is a tough task. 8.

If your father

(愿意)go climbing, please take him there if you are free. 改错

1.

Wish you succeed. 2.

---Might I speak to you for a moment? ---Yes, you might. 3.

---Look, it must be our class teacher.

---No, it mustn’t be him. He has gone abroad. 4.

Mr Bush is on time for everything. How may it be that he was late for the meeting? 5.

You should get a nice gift if you do as I tell you.

3

6. should, ought to

1) should表示“应该”，ought to表示义务或责任，比should语气重。

According to the air traffic rules, you should switch off your mobile phone before boarding. ☆2) “竟然”“居然”, 表示惊讶语气。

It is strange the top student should cheat in the exam.

I don’t know why you should think I did it.

☆3) 推测，“按道理应该”

—When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.

—They should be ready by 12:00. 4) 用于含

“建议、命令、要求”等词的虚拟语气中。

The doctor suggested that my dad should give up smoking. ☆5）表示“果真”，if虚拟语气从句中。

If it should rain tomorrow, we would put off the sports meeting. 7. need ,dare

1) 既可作情态动词，也可作实义动词。

He daren’t speak English before such a crowd, dare he?

2）need doing = need to be done. The washing machine needs repairing.

4

= The washing machine needs to be repaired. 3）“I dare say”意为“我猜测”

I dare say he will come. 4)

needn’t 表示“不必”。

It’s quite warm here; we needn’t turn the heating on yet. 练一练

1. —Are you going to find a job back in your hometown? —Well, I haven’t decided yet. I _____ find some other choices. A. would

B. must

C. should

D. might 2.一When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.

一They ______ be ready by 12:00. A. can B. should C. might D. need 3.一What does the sign over there read? 一No person ______ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette，cigar or pipe in this area．

A．will

B．may

C．shall

D. must 4. It is usually warm in Zhenjiang in March, but it _____ be rather cold sometime.

A. must

B. can

C. should

D. would 5. 一May I take this book out of the reading room?

一No, you

. You read it in here.

A. mustn’t

B. won’t

C. needn’t

D. might not 6. —I haven’t got the reference book yet, but I’ll have a test on the subject next month.

—Don’t worry. You______ have it by Friday. A. must

B. could

C. shall

D. may 7.This printer is of good quality. If it _______ break down within the first year, we would repair it for free. A. would

B. should

C. could

D. might 8. —My computer _______ start, no matter how hard I try. —It might have crashed. A. won’t

B. shouldn’t

C. mustn’t

D. needn’t 二、情态动词表推测

1. must肯定的、有把握的推测

can

用于否定句或疑问句中，

“肯定不”或“可能…吗？”

may/might

不确定

2.must/can’t/might /should +do

表对将来动作的推测

must/can’t/might /should +be doing

表对正在进行的动作推测

must/can’t/might /should +have done

表对已经完成的动作推测

My iphone isn’t in my bag. Where can I have put it?

She may not be at home. The lights are out. The ground is wet. It must have rained last night. She can’t have left school, for her bike is still here. —She looks very happy. She must have passed the exam. —

I guess so. It’s not difficult after all.

练一练

1. —________the plane have taken off on time?

5

— I'm afraid not. So many flights were delayed due to the bitterly cold weather.

A. Need

B. Should

C. Can

D. Must

2. —I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter. —It ______ true because there was little snow there. A. may not be

B. won’t be

C. couldn’t be D. mustn’t be 3. —Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere.

—Well. He______ have gone far—his coat’s still here.

A. can’t

B. mustn’t

C. shouldn’t

D. needn’t

4. —I’ve taken someone else’s green sweater by mistake.

—It ______Jim’s. He always wears green. A. has to be

B. will be

C. mustn’t be D. could be 5.—Guess what! I have got A for my term paper.

—Great! You ______read widely and put a lot of work into it.

A. must

B. should

C. must have D. should have 6.—Hi, Tom. Any idea where Jane is? —She______in the classroom. I saw her there just now. A. shall be

B. must be

C. should have been D. might have been 三、

情态动词表虚拟

基本格式

含义

should have done 本应该做（但没做）,责备语气

shouldn’t have done

本不应该做（但做了）,责备语气

could have done 本可能发生（事实没发生）

couldn’t have done

本可能不发生做成（事实已发生）

might have done 或许可能发生（不确定）

might not have done 或许可能不发生（不确定）

needn’t have done

本不必做( 但已经做了) Look at the time! We should have been at the theatre ten minutes ago. I shouldn’t have watched that movie —it’ll give me horrible dreams.

I could have come on time, but my car broke on the way. Without your help, we couldn’t have finished the work on time.

If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier. You needn’t have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain. 练一练

1. —My cat’s really fat.

—You ______ have given her so much food.

A. wouldn’t

B. couldn’t

C. shouldn’t

D. mustn’t

2. — Pity you missed the concert.

— I ______ it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview.

A. had attended

B. must have attended

C. would attend

D. would have attended 3. —Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you. —Thanks. You ______ have done it. I could manage it myself. A. mustn’t

B. needn’t

C. couldn’t

D. shouldn’t

6

4. I was really anxious about you. You______ have left home without a word. A.mustn’t

B. needn’t

C. couldn’t

D. shouldn’t

5. We

have bought so much food now that Suzie won’t be with us for dinner.

A. needn’t

B. may not C. can’t

D. mustn’t

6. —Turn off the TV, Jack. ______ your homework now? —Mum, just ten more minutes, please.

A. Should you be doing

B. Shouldn't you be doing

C. Couldn't you be doing

D. Will you be doing

练一练（一）1-8 练一练（二）1-6 练一练（三）1-6

DBCBA CCADC CDBDA 参考答案：

CBA B

B 7