Learning about Languageppt配用优秀教学设计

Unit 4 Pygmalion Learning about Language 过去分词(短语)作状语

【探究寻规】

用所给动词的正确形式填空。

1. Now once ______ ( teach ) by me,

she’d become an upper class lady.

2. Once_________ (educate) to speak properly, that girl could pass herself off in three months as a duchess.

3. _______ (write) in a hurry, this article was not so good.

4. ________ (accept) by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party.

5. She walked out of the house,

________ (follow) by her little daughter.

【语法精点】

一、基础点拨

1. 过去分词(短语)作状语可表示时间、地点、原因、条件、让步、伴随等意义。这种过去分词作状语相当于一个时间、地点、原因、条件、让步等状语从句。若过去分词作状语,

句子的主语与分词所表示的动作构成动宾关系,

即是该分词动作的承受者。过去分词(短语)作状语时, 也可在其前面加上连词

when,

if,

once,

though,

unless等,

以便明确作何种状语。

(1)表时间, 相当于一个时间状语从句, 有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。

﹡Seen from the hill,

the city looks like a beautiful garden.

从山上看, 这个城市就像一个美丽的花园。

﹡When (you are) given a medical examination, you should keep calm.

当你做体检时要保持镇定。

(2)表原因, 相当于一个原因状语从句。

﹡Encouraged by the speech(=Because they were encouraged by the speech)，the excited young people stopped arguing.

激动的年轻人们被演说深深地鼓舞了,

停止了争吵。

(3)表条件, 相当于一个条件状语从句,

有时过去分词前可用if 等词。

﹡Given another chance(=If he is given another chance),

he will do it better.

再给他一次机会, 他会做得更好。

(4)表让步,

相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。

﹡Exhausted by the running(=Although he was exhausted by the running)，he went on running after the robber.

尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽, 他还是继续追赶着那个强盗。

(5)表方式或伴随情况。

﹡Seated at the table,

my father and I were talking about my job.

我和父亲坐在桌子旁边讨论着我的工作问题。

【名师点津】过去分词(短语)作伴随或方式状语时通常不能转换为方式状语从句，但可转化为一个并列分句或并列谓语。

﹡He spent a whole day at home, locked in his study. =He was locked in his study and spent a whole day at home.

2. 过去分词(短语)作状语在句中的位置。

过去分词(短语)在句中作状语，可放在主句前作句首状语，后面用逗号与主句隔开，也可放在主句后面，前面用逗号与主句隔开。

﹡He stood there silently, moved to tears. =Moved to tears, he stood there silently.

他静静地站在那里，被感动得热泪盈眶。

二、难点突破

1. 分词作状语时，要特别注意其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。否则，分词必须有自己的主语。这种带主语的分词被称为分词的独立结构或独立主格结构，在句中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件等。

﹡Her homework done(=After her homework was done)，Mary decided to go shopping.

做完作业后, 玛丽决定去购物。

﹡All things considered, her paper is of great value.

把所有的情况考虑在内的话，她的论文很有价值。

2. 分词的独立结构有时也可以用“with/without + 名词(或代词的宾语)+ 分词”的结构，表示伴随状况。

﹡All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.

整个下午他都锁着门(在房里)工作。

【高考体验】

过去分词作状语判断方法

1. 分清句子结构，确定使用非谓语动词

2. 分清句子的主语与非谓语动词之间的关系，

确定用何种非谓语动词形式

1. (2013·浙江高考)There are some health problems that, when_________ in time, can become bigger ones later on.

A. not treated

B. not being treated

C. not to be treated

D. not having been treated 思路分析：选A。考查状语从句的省略。句意：有些健康问题，如果不及时治疗，日后会变成更大的问题。that引导problems的定语从句；when引导定语从句中的时间状语从句，补全为when they are not treated in time，定语从句的主语that代指problems，与when从句的主语相同，符合状语从句省略的条件，所以省略了主语they与助动词are。故选A。

易错误区：选项B具有很大的迷惑性，有些同学误认为应用being done结构，实际上在这里讲的是普遍的情况，故不应用being done，其表达的意思为“正在被……”。

2. (2012·北京高考)________ with care, one tin will last for six weeks.

A. Use

B. Using

C. Used

D. To use 解题关键: 确定one tin 与use之间的逻辑关系

思路分析：选C。考查非谓语动词。句意：如果小心使用, 一罐可以持续六周。分析句子结构可知应用非谓语动词，use的逻辑主语为one tin，且它们之间为动宾关系, 故应用过去分词表被动。所以选C。

3. (2012·湖南高考)Time, ________ correctly, is money in the bank.

A. to use

B. used

C. using

D. use 解题关键: 确定使用何种非谓语动词

思路分析：选B。考查非谓语动词。句意: 时间如果用得正确的话, 就是存在银行里的钱。time与use构成逻辑上的动宾关系, 故用过去分词形式表被动。B项为过去分词形式, 符合题意; A项为动词不定式;

C项为现在分词形式; D项为动词原形。

4. (2012·江苏高考)________ an important decision more on emotion than on reason,

you will regret it sooner or later.

A. Based

B. Basing

C. Base

D. To base 解题关键: 分清you和base之间的逻辑关系

思路分析：选B。考查非谓语动词。句意: 如果把一个重要决定更多地建立在情感上而不是理智上, 你迟早会后悔的。分析句子结构可知本题考查非谓语动词, C项是谓语动词, 首先排除。A项过去分词表示被动, 但句子的主语不是base的承受者, 因此A项应排除。B项和D项都表示主动, 但不定式表示将来, 在句中常作目的或结果状语, 与句意不符。

5. (2011·四川高考)________ an important role in a new movie,

Andy has got a chance to become famous.

A. Offer

B. Offering

C. Offered

D. To offer 解题关键: 找出offer的逻辑主语并分清它们之间的关系

思路分析：选C。考查非谓语动词。句意：在新电影中，安迪被给予了一个重要角色，获得了出名的机会。

Andy 与动词offer是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词表被动，故选C。

6. (2011·天津高考)_________ into English,

the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.

A. Translating

B. Translated C. To translate

D. Having translated 解题关键: 确定句子的主语与非谓语动词之间的关系

思路分析：选B。考查非谓语动词。句意：句子被翻译成英语，会有一个完全不同的词序。A项为现在分词，表主动；B项为过去分词，表被动，其逻辑主语为the sentence；C项为动词不定式，表将来；D项为现在分词的完成式，表主动，动作先于主句的动作发生。根据句子的意思，表被动，所以选B。

Ⅰ. 完成句子

1. ____________________________,

Tom didn’t know what to do. (surprise)

汤姆对发生的一切非常惊讶，以至于不知该做什么。

2. The cup fell down to the ground, _______. (break) 茶杯掉到了地上，碎了。

3. I won’t attend his birthday party ____________. (invite) 除非被邀请，否则我不去参加他的生日晚会。

4. ______________, he almost ran into the car in front of him. (lost) 由于陷入沉思，他差一点撞上前面的汽车。

5. _______________________________,

it may take him a while to recover from the operation. (give) 考虑到他身体的大体状况，他手术后恢复过来可能需要一段时间。

6. ____________________, the girl sat there without lifting her head. (scold) 由于被老师批评了，那个女孩低着头坐在那儿。

7. ________________, John didn’t feel afraid at all. (leave)

虽然John被单独留在家里,

他一点都不害怕。

8. The teacher entered the classroom, ____________________________.

(follow) 老师进入教室，后面跟着一帮学生。

9. ___________________, Nadia had only two years of schooling. (bear) 由于出生于贫寒家庭,

纳迪娅只上过两年学。

10. _________________________,

the girl said that she wanted to be a teacher. (ask) 当被问到未来的计划时,

这个女孩说她想成为一名教师。

11. Some medicines, _______________, can kill a person. (take) 当误服时,

有些药可以要人命。

12. _______________________,

he still has no confidence in overcoming the difficulties. (encourage) 尽管受到了父母的鼓励,

他仍然没有信心克服困难。

13. The girl met with an accident when crossing the road, __________________. (wound) 那个女孩过马路时出了事故,

头部受了伤。

14. ___________________,

the plan was carried out at last. (discuss) 在被讨论了许多次之后,

这个计划最终被执行了。

15. ______________, he dived deep into the ocean. (fill) 心中充满了恐惧，他跳进了深海里。

16. ________________________,

Li Lei hurried home quickly. (tell) 李雷得知母亲生病了，马上赶回了家。

17. __________________________,

his car was carried away by the police. (break) 他的车由于在公路上坏了，于是被警察拖走了。

18. __________________,

I still have a long way to go. (compare) 跟你比较起来，我还差得远。

19. ________________________,

he still can’t understand it.(explain)

即使解释一百遍，他还是不会明白。

20. _________,

it can never be forgotten. (see) 一旦被看见，人们就忘不了它。

Ⅱ. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空

1. ____ (lose) in the fog,

we were forced to spend two hours in the woods.

2. _________ (discuss) many times,

the problems were settled at last.

3. When first __________ (introduce) to the market, these products enjoyed great success.

4. She stood _________ (hesitate) over whether to join the fight or not.

5. __________ (frighten) by the noise in the night, the girl didn’t dare to sleep in her room.

6. _______ (grow) in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast.

7. The old man went into the room, _________ (support) by his wife.

8. _______ (wait) by others for over half an hour,

he didn’t turn up at the meeting.

9. ______ (give) good weather,

our ship will reach Shanghai on Monday evening.

10. He went out, ________ (shut) the door behind him.