Learning about Language优质课教案整理

定义 虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。 二、虚拟语气在条件句中的应用 条件句可分为两类：一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。

1.真实条件句

真实条件句用于陈述语气，表示假设的情况可能发生，其中if是“如果”的意思。

2.虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用

If＋主语＋had＋过去分主语＋should/would/could/might＋have＋过去分词

词

(1)If＋主语＋动词过去式

(2)If＋主语＋were to＋动与将来事实相反的假设

词原形

主语＋should/would/could/might＋动词原形

(3)If＋主语＋should＋动词原形

与过去事实相反的假设

If you had taken my advice，you would not have failed in the exams. 如果你听我的劝告的话，你就不会在考试中失败了。

If you came tomorrow，we would have the meeting. 如果你明天来的话，我们将会开会。

If it were to rain tomorrow，the sports meeting would be put off. 如果明天下雨的话，我们将推迟运动会。

If he should not come tomorrow，we should put off the meeting till next Monday.

如果他明天不来的话，我们会将会议推迟到下周一。

3.使用虚拟条件句时要注意的几点：

(1)错综时间条件句

当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。如：

If you had taken my advice，you would know what to do now. 要是那时你听我劝告的话，你现在就知道该做什么了。

(2)if的省略和倒装

在条件句中可省略

if，把were，had，should 提到句首，变为倒装句式。

If I were at school again，I would study harder. →Were I at school again，I would study harder. If you had come earlier，you would catch the bus. →Had you come earlier，you would catch the bus. 注意：当省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定形式时，不能用动词的缩略形式。比如，我们可以说：Were it not for the expense，I would go abroad now.但不能说：Weren’t it for the expense，I would go abroad now. (3)含蓄条件句

①用介词短语代替条件状语从句。常用的介词有with，without，but for等。

What would you do with a million dollars(＝if you had a million dollars)? We couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time without your help(＝if we hadn’t got your help). Without your help(＝But for your help＝If it had not been for your help＝Had it not been for your help)，we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time. 用于宾语从句中

(1)wish后的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。I wish I remembered his address. 我希望我记得他的地址。

I wish I had studied hard. 我多么希望我那时学习刻苦。

(2)表示建议、决定、要求、请求、命令、指导的动词(suggest/insist/decide/demand/request/require/ask/beg/order/direct等)后跟宾语从句时，从句用虚拟语气(即从句谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略)。

The doctor suggested/insisted that she (should) stay in bed for a few days. 医生建议/坚持她卧床几天。

注意：当suggest作“暗示、表明”讲，insist作“坚持说、坚持认为”讲时，that 从句中的谓语动词不用虚拟语气。

The look on his face suggested that he was unhappy.

他脸上的表情暗示出他不高兴。

Mike insisted that he was right. 迈克坚持认为自己是对的。

(3)“would (had) rather，would just as soon，would sooner，would prefer＋从句”结构，这几个句型都表示一种“婉转的责备”，谓语动词用过去式表示与现在或将来事实相反；用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反。

I would rather you didn’t go there.

我宁愿你不去那儿。

(4)If only 引导的感叹句中。

If only I were a bird!

我要是只鸟儿多好啊！

2.用于主语从句中

It is desired/suggested/proposed/necessary/important/strange/ natural/a pity/essential＋that从句，从句中的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should 可以省略。

It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off till next week. It is strange that he (should) have acted toward his parents like that.(act 发生在主句谓语动词be之前，要用should have＋过去分词) 注意：

以上句式也可以不用虚拟语气。

It’s strange that he didn’t come yesterday.

It’s a pity that you can’t dance.

3.用于表语从句和同位语从句中

在suggestion，proposal，order，plan，idea，request，advice 等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气。其构成是“(should＋)动词原形”。如：

My idea is that we (should) think it over before accepting it. We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Dalian for sightseeing. 四、虚拟语气在状语从句中的运用

1.在as if/though 引导的方式状语和even if/though 引导的让步状语从句中：一般过去时表示与现在或将来事实相反；过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。

She loves the boy as if he were her own son. 她喜欢这个男孩子就好像他是她的亲生儿子一样。

2.在in case that，for fear that 引导的目的状语从句中，经常用“should＋动词原形”表示虚拟语气，should不可省略。

She puts a coat over the baby for fear that he should catch a cold. 她把一个大衣盖在小孩身上，以免他着凉。

虚拟语气在定语从句中的运用

It is high/about time that...句型中用一般用过去时或“should＋动词原形(should不可省略)”表示虚拟语气，前者更为常用。

It’s high/about time that children went/should go to school.到了孩子们上学的时候了。

练习：

(1)用所给动词的正确形式填空

①What

_______________ (happen)，had Bob walked farther as far as the river bank? ②It’s high time that we

_____________

(go) home for supper now. ③I was really anxious about you. You ____________________(leave) home without a word. ④He hesitated for a moment before he kicked the ball，otherwise he

____________(score) a goal.

⑤I wish I ___________________ (finish) writing the book yesterday，but I was too busy.

(2)完成句子

①My suggestion is that _______________________________

(我们根据天气情况来安排运动会的日期).

②

___________________

(要不是他的帮助)，I couldn’t have finished the work on time. ③Without/But for your help，__________________________

(我是不会安全到家的).

④If I were you，I ____________________________________

(更加注意英语的习语和短语).

⑤

_______________

(如果他九点动身的话)，he ought to have been

in London by eleven o’clock.

真题：

1.It is lucky we booked a room，or we _____________ (have) nowhere to stay now.(2015·安徽，32)

2.Without his wartime experiences，Hemingway __________

(not，write) his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.(2015·重庆，7)

3.Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I _________ (dance) as well as her.(2015·陕西，23)

4.If I _____________________ (see) it with my own eyes，I wouldn’t have believed it. (2015·北京，34)

5.I wish I ________________ (be) at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday，but I was on a business trip in New York then.(2015·天津，13)

6.We

_____________ (be) back in the hotel now if you didn’t lose the map.(2014·北京，34)

7.If Mr.Dewey

____________

(be) present，he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.(2014·湖南，22)

8.It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I

(do) it？(2014·重庆，13)

9.They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation，or they ___________________ (come) to our help.(2014·浙江，16)

10.We would rather our daughter

______________ (stay) at home

with us，but it is her choice，and she is not a child any longer. (2014·陕西，23)