Grammar板书设计及设计说明

1.同位语从句的概念

同位语从句是用以说明或解释某些名词的内容和实质的从句，一般接在名词后面，它所修饰的词称为先行词。

2.同位语从句常用的引导词及特点。

种类

连词

引导词

that,whether 特点

（1）that引导同位语从句只起连接词作用，不在从句中作任何成分，无实际意义。

（2）whether 表示“是否”，if一般不引导同位语从句。

（3）连接词一般不省略。

连接代who, what 词

（1）连接代词在从句中作相应的句子成分，且有实际意义。如：

The question who should go abroad required consideration.（who在从句中作主语）

（2）连接代词不省略。

连接副where,when, how, why

词

（1）连接副词在句子中作相应的句子成分，且有实际意义。如：

I have no idea how the music is to be played.（how在从句中作how，why状语）我不知道如何演奏这首音乐。

（2）连接副词不省略。

3.同位语从句常用先行词

news消息，word消息，advice建议

assumption设想

order命令

decision决定

belief信念

chance机会

message消息

fact 事实

idea想法；主意

possibility可能性

plan 计划

news新闻

question 问题

thought 想法

opinion观点

reason原因

proposal提议

wish愿望

statement 论断

promise 诺言

reply答复suggestion建议

theory 理论certainty确定性

The suggestion that a new bridge（should）be built was accepted. 修建一座新桥的建议被采纳了。

There is no doubt that he will keep his promise. 他将遵守诺言，这一点是毫无疑问的。

【问题探究】

同位语从句与定语从句有什么区别？

（1）同位语从句与定语从句的区别（见下页表）：

同位语从句

定语从句

从句具有名词的特点，对中心词作具有形容词特点，对先行词起作用进一步解释，是中心词的具体修饰、限定作用，描述先行的上看

内容。

性质或特征或补充一些|情况。

从引连接词tht只起连接作用，不在关系代词和关系副词除了起引导词从句中充当任何成分，也无实导从句作用外，还在定语从句的作际意义。

用上看

词

中充当一定的句子成分。如主语、定语、宾语、表语等。

替换，连词

that一般不省略。

代词，在某些情况下可以与关2.除了that外，还可根据语义使系代词which替换，

that在从句用疑问代词或副词，如what，中做宾语时常可省略。

who,whose, whom, whether，

2.引导词有that，which，where，why等，但一般不用what，whether，

how等来引导。

Do you have any idea what is actually going on in the classroom？（同位语从句）

你知道教室里正在发生什么事吗？

I will never forget the days which/that we spent together in the countryside.（定语从句）when，where，how ,why等。

who，whom，whose，when，引导1.that引导从句时不可用which1.that引导定语从句时是关系

我绝不会忘记我们在乡下一起度过的日子。

（2）区分同位语从句和定语从句的简便办法是将“名词+that”结构取出，能在名词和that之间加上be动词构成一个表语从句的就是同位语从句，否则就是定语从句。如：

The news that Russia had solved the hostage crisis spread all over the world. 俄罗斯解决人质危机的消息传遍了全世界。

可变为：

The news which spread all over the world was that Russia had solved the hostage crisis. 因此，…that Russia had solved…在上句中为同位语从句。

【温馨提示】

（1）同位语从句有时不紧接在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词分开，从而保持句子结构平衡，避免头重脚轻，这叫间隔式同位语从句。如：

A saying goes that practice makes perfect.熟能生巧是一句谚语。

（2）在某些名词后的同位语从句中，其谓语动词需用虚拟语气，即：（should+）动词原形。常见的名词有：advice，idea，order，demand，plan，proposal，suggestion，request，requirement，decision，recommendation等。如：

The suggestion that the plan（should）be delayed will be discussed tomorrow. 推迟那项计划的建议将在明天讨论。

A.根据句意，完成汉语译文。

（1）May I ask a question where the boss is？

（2）Several years later，word came that he took up teaching in a primary school. （3）The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had left. （4）The news that I have passed the driving test is true. （5）He left a message that he won't be able to see you this afternoon. （1）B.根据句意，完成英语译文。

（1）有一项建议是布朗应该接受这份工作。

There was a suggestion

（2）她必须回答这样一个问题：是否接受。

She must answer the question

（3）什么时候去度寒假，这个问题我们还没有决定。

（1）We haven't yet settled the question

（4）她学习很努力这一事实我们大家都知道。

The fact

is well known to us all. 单句改错：

1.

We must find out where Karl is coming , so we can book a room for him. 2.

It’s a great pity what we won’t be able to finish the task on time.

3.

My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live. 4.

The salesgirl didn’t understand that the foreigner was saying.

5.

That is known to us that respect for one’s parents is one of Chinese traditional moral values. 6.

What he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised. 7.

The most breathtaking moment is that the athletes are getting to the finishing line. 8.

After looking at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing. 9.

What we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel. 10.

If you notice that when someone is missing or hurt, tell your teacher immediately.