Learning about Language教学实录与评析

Unit 2 Cloning Section Ⅳ Learning about Language &；Using Language

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THE RETURN OF THE DINOSAURS? The possibility of cloning fierce ①②①extinct adj.灭绝的；消亡的

②介词短语of cloning ...作定语，修饰The and extinct wild animals has always possibility。

excited film makers. And they are not the only ones! The popularity of films 行

such asJurassicPark，

in which a scientist clones several kinds of

⑥④⑤③③popularity/ˌpɒpjʊ'lærətI/n.受人喜爱；流④such as 例如

⑤Jurassic/dʒʊə'ræsIk/Park

《侏罗纪公园》extinct dinosaurs, proves how the idea

(美国电影名) struck

a mixture of fear and excitement into people's hearts. But in fact we ⑧⑦⑥several kinds of 几种

⑦strike/straIk/vt. &vi. (struck, struck)are a long way from being able to clone 打；撞击；罢工n.罢工

extinct animals. Scientists are still experimenting with

cloning mammals. 心

This is because

the cloning of mammals ⑩⑨strike ... into one's heart使……刻骨铭⑧该句主干是The popularity of films is still a new science and its story only proves how ...其中in which引导非限制性定语从began seriously in the 1950s as this 句，修饰JurassicPark。how引导宾语从句，作list shows：

1950s cloning of frogs 1970s research using the embryos of mice

1979 work on embryos of sheep and mice 1981 first experimental clones of mice ⑫⑪proves的宾语。

⑨experiment with 用……做实验

⑩This is because ... 这是因为……，

because后接表原因的句子，在此是表语从句。

⑪as this list shows是as引导的方式状语从句。

⑫现在分词短语using the embryos of mice作定语，修饰research。

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1983 first experimental clones of cows 1996 first clone of a mammal: Dolly the sheep

2000 cow gave birth to a bison

2001 China's first cloned twin calves

2002 first cloned cats 2005 first cloned dog ...

恐龙的回归？

[第1段译文] ⑮⑭⑬⑬Dolly the sheep 多莉羊

⑭bison/'baIsn/n.北美或欧洲野牛

⑮calf/kɑːf/n.小牛；牛犊

克隆凶猛和灭绝的野生动物的可能性一直使电影制片商感到兴奋。然而他们并不是唯一对此感到兴奋的人！在《侏罗纪公园》这部影片中，有一位科学家克隆了好几种不同的绝种恐龙。类似这样的电影很受欢迎，证明了这一想法使人们感到既兴奋又恐惧。但事实上，要想克隆绝种动物，我们还有很长的路要走。科学家们现在还在进行克隆哺乳动物实验。这是因为克隆哺乳动物仍然还是一门新的科学，它是从20世纪50年代才开始认真进行研究的，如下列所示：

20世纪50年代：克隆青蛙

20世纪70年代：用老鼠胚胎进行研究

1979年：对羊和老鼠的胚胎进行研究

1981年：首次对老鼠进行实验性的克隆

1983年：首次对奶牛进行实验性的克隆

1996年：首次克隆哺乳动物(多莉羊) 2000年：奶牛生野牛

2001年：中国首次克隆出双胞胎小牛

2002年：首次克隆猫

2005年：首次克隆狗

……

From time to time

people suggest ⑯⑯from time to time

(相当于sometimes, not that extinct animals like dinosaurs, can very often)不时；偶尔

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possibly be brought back to life through cloning. Unfortunately, with what we know ⑰⑰bring back to life

使复生；使复活

⑱either ... or ... 或者……或者……；要⑱now, this is either impossible or

么……要么……(连接并列结构) unsuitable. There are many reasons. •The initial requirement is that you need perfect DNA⑳⑲⑲initial/I'nIʃl/adj.最初的；开始的

⑳DNA 脱氧核糖核酸

21that引导表语从句， which引导定语从句，○

(which gives 21. 修饰DNA。

information for how cells are to grow)○22in vain 白费力气；枉费心机

○•All efforts of cloning an animal will 22 if there is not enough be in vain○23 in the group to overcome24

diversity○○illnesses. Diversity in a group means 25 animals with their genes having○26. The arranged in different ways○7 there is a new advantage is that if2○illness some of these animals may die, but others will survive and pass on the 28 that 9 the ability to resist○disease to2○0 to next generation. The great drawback3○cloning a group of animals is that they would all have the same arrangement of 31 the same genes and so might die of○illness. Then none of them would be left to continue the species. •It would be unfair to clone any extinct animals if they were to live in 32. A suitable habitat would be a zoo○needed for them to lead a natural 3. life3○ [第2段译文] 不时地会有人提议，克隆技术将有可能使地球上已经灭绝的动物(如恐龙)复活。不幸的是，据我们现在所知这是不可能的，也是不合适的。其原因有很多：

•首先要求你有完好的DNA(它提供有关细胞将如何生长的信息)。

•如果某个动物群体没有足够的多样性以战胜疾病，那么克隆这种动物的所有努力都将vain/vein/adj.虚荣的；自负的；徒劳的

23diversity ○n．差异(性)；不同(点)；多样化

24overcome 25mean ○v．战胜；克服

○doing sth. 意味着做某事

26with their ○...是with的复合结构， genes与arrange之间为被动关系。

27The advantage is that if ..., that引导○表语从句，在表语从句中包含if引导的条件状语从句。

28resist/rI'zIst/vt.抵抗；对抗

○29pass ○on ... to ... 把……传给……；把……转交给……

30drawback/'drɔːbæk/n.缺点；不利条件(常与○of/to搭配) 31die of 死于(疾病、衰老等自身原因) ○32It would be ... if they were to live ...○用了与将来事实相反的虚拟语气。

33lead a natural life 过正常的野生生活

○

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是无用的。种群多样性是指种群中动物的基因以不同的方式排列。其优点是，如果发生了某种新的疾病，这类动物中的一些可能会死去，而另外一些却能存活下来，并且把这种免疫力传给下一代。经过克隆的动物群体的最大缺点是：它们的基因排列有可能完全相同，因而它们有可能会死于同一种疾病。这样它们可能一个也留不下来传宗接代了。

•你如果克隆出任何绝种动物，而它们必须生活在动物园里，那是不公平的。它们需要适当的栖息地过正常的野生生活。

34， you Based on what we know now○34过去分词短语Based ○on what we know nowcannot clone animals that have been 作状语。

extinct longer than 10,000 years. Actually, dinosaurs 35dinosaurs ○ever returning to the earthdisappeared 是动名词的复合结构，置于of之后，构成of65,000,000 years ago. So the chance of 短语，作the chance的定语。

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dinosaurs ever returning to the earth○36 a dream. is merely○

[第3段译文] 就我们现在所知道的而言，不可能克隆那些已经绝种了一万年以上的动物。事实上恐龙在6 500万年以前就已经消失了。所以说恐龙回归地球的可能性仅仅是个梦想罢了。

Step 1 Read the text carefully and answer the following questions. 1．What's the main idea of the second paragraph? To_explain_the_impossibility_of_cloning_dinosaurs. 2．What's the writer's attitude towards cloning dinosaurs? Negative. 3．Why can't you clone the DNA of animals that have been extinct longer than 10,000 years? The_DNA_of_animals_more_than_10,000_years_old_is_not_suitable_for_cloning,_for_it_can't_survive_so_long. Step 2 Read the text and choose the best answers. 1．The film JurassicPark is popular because ________. A．people are interested in the subject of cloning fierce and extinct wild animals 36merely/'mIəlI/adv.仅；只；不过(相当○于only)

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B．all the actors are dinosaurs C．it was directed by a scientist who cloned dinosaurs D．it proves very interesting 2．Which of the following is TRUE? A．Frogs were cloned in 1981. B．Dolly the sheep was the first cloned animal. C．The name of the cloned cow is “Bison”．

D．China was successful in cloning mammals. 3．The reasons why a group of cloned animals all die of the same illness do NOT include ________. A．they have the same arrangement of genes B．there is not enough diversity in the group to overcome the illness C．the illness is a new one D．their arrangement of genes can not resist that new disease 4．It can be inferred from the text that ________. A．scientists are experimenting with cloning dinosaurs B．dinosaurs will never return to the earth C．cloned animals will only live in the zoo D．the DNA of dinosaurs can only survive 10,000 years 5．The text mainly tells us about the ________ of cloning extinct animals. A．possibility

C．examples 答案：1～5 ADCBA

B．methods D．importance

一、这样记单词

记得准·写得对

记得快·记得多

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Ⅰ.基础词汇

1.compulsoryadj. 必须做的；义务的；强迫的；强制的

2.owevt. 欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于……

3.shortlyadv. 立刻；不久

4.retirevi. 退休；离开

5.bothervt. 打扰

vi. 操心

n. 烦扰

6.regulationn. 规则；规章；法规

7.strikevi. &vt. 打；撞击；罢工

1.含后缀­sist的常用词

①insist v．

坚持

②assist v. 协助 ③assistant n. 助手 ④consist vi. 由……组成 ⑤persist v. 坚持

2.­ance结尾的名词荟萃

①acquaintance 熟人；相识的人

②assistance 援助；协助

③performance 表演；演奏

④resistance 抵抗；对抗

⑤reliance 信赖；依赖

⑥guidance 指导

3.动词变名词的不规则变化

①assume→assumption 假定；设想

②describe→description 描述

③explain→explanation 解释

④pronounce→pronunciation 发音

4.drawback n．缺点；不利条件

[同义] shortcoming, objection, obstacle，handicap, failing, fault, disadvantage n. 罢工

8.drawbackn. 缺点；不利条件

9.unableadj. 不能的；不会的

10.hatchvt. &vi. 孵出；孵卵；孵化

Ⅱ.拓展词汇

1.assumptionn．假定；设想→assume v．假定；设想

2.resistvt.抵抗；对抗；耐得住→resistance n．抵抗；对抗→resistant adj.抵抗的；对抗的

3.merelyadv.仅；只；不过→mere adj.仅仅的；纯粹的

4.decorationn．装饰→decorate vt.装饰

5.adorevt.崇拜；爱慕；喜爱→adoration n．热爱；敬慕；爱慕；崇拜→adorable adj.可爱的；讨人喜欢的

6.reasonableadj.合情理的；讲道理的；公道的→reason n．理由；道理

二、这样记短语

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记牢固定短语

1.(be)_bound_to_(do)__．..

一定或注定(做)……

2．strike_..._into_one's_heart 使……刻骨铭心

3．from_time_to_time 不时；偶尔

4．bring_back_to_life 使复生；使复活

5．in_vain 白费力气；枉费心机

6．(be)in_good/poor_condition 情况/状况很好(坏)

三、这样记句式

先背熟

1.Did she die young because she was a clone？

它死得早是因为它是克隆羊吗？

2.Diversity in a group means having animals with their genes arranged in different ways. 种群多样性是指种群中动物的基因以不同的方式排列。

3.The advantage is that

if there is a new illness some of these animals may die, but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the 句中that引导表语从next generation. 其优点是，如果发生了某种新的疾病，这类动物中的一些可能会死去，而另外一些却能存活下来，并且把这种免疫力传给下一代。

句。

with的复合结构在句中作后置定语。

再悟通

形容词young在句中作状语，表示主语的状态。

多积常用词块

1.a mixture of fear and excitement

既兴奋又恐惧

2．the initial requirement 最基本的要求

3．enough diversity 足够的多样性

4．resist that disease 免疫力

5．the chance of ... ……的可能性

6．merely a dream 仅仅是个梦想

后仿用

The children rushed to the front, excited. 孩子们激动地跑到了前面。

She sent me an email with_many_pictures_taken_in_America. 昨天，她给我发了一封邮件，里面有很多她在美国拍的照片。

My_suggestion_is_that if it rains tomorrow we had better go to the library. 我的建议是，如果明天下雨，我们最好去图书馆。

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4.Based on what we know now, you cannot clone animals that have been extinct longer than 10,000 years. 就我们现在所知道的而言，不可能克隆那些已经绝种了一万年以上的动物。

过去分词短语在句中作状语。

Encouraged_by_him,_I've decided to study hard. 在他的鼓励下我决定努力学习。

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