Learning about LanguagePPT配套优秀教学设计内容

第一讲

关系代词引导的定语从句

礼泉县实验中学

符嘉欣

一

定义及相关术语

1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的词之后。

2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。

3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

关系词有关系代词和关系副词。

关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why等

提示：关系词在定语从句中有三大作用

1. 连接作用——连接先行词和定语从句。

2. 替代作用——在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。

3. 成分作用——在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。

The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.

该句中，who is

shaking hands with my father 是定语从句，修饰先行词the man，

“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，在定语从句中代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。

注意：弄清楚关系词在定语从句中充当什么成分，是掌握定语从句、选择好关系词的关键。

二

关系代词引导的定语从句

引导定语从句的关系代词主要有who, whom, whose, which, that等。它们分别代替前面的先行词，并在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语。

1. who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。

The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。

Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。

That is the teacher who teaches us physics.

那就是教我们物理的老师。

2. whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略，在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替。

Li Ming is just the boy (whom) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。

The professor (whom) you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的教授已经来了。

The girl (whom) the teacher often praises is our monitor. 老师经常表扬的那个女孩是我们的班长。

3. which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。

Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。

He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers. 他喜欢外国作家写的书。

This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的钢笔。

The film (which) they went to see last night was not interesting at all. 他们昨晚看的

电影一点意思也没有。

4. that 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。

He is the manthat/wholives next door. 他就是住在隔壁的那个人。

Where is the man (that/whom) I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？

The person (that/whom) you introduced to me is very kind. 你介绍给我的那个人很友好。

The season that/which comes after spring is summer. 春天之后的季节是夏季。

I don’t like stories that/which have unhappy endings. 我不喜欢结尾悲伤的故事。

The dress (that/which) Ann bought doesn’t fit her very well. 安买的衣服不太合身。

5. whose 指人、物皆可，与后面的名词有所属关系，在定语从句中做定语。

I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 我拜访了一个全国知名的科学家。

He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。

I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。

注意：指物时，常用以下结构来代替：

The house whose windows are broken is empty. The house the windows of which are broken is empty. Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow?

6下列情况只用that不用which：

①先行词是all, something, everything, anything, nothing, little, much, few等不定代词；

②先行词被all, any, every, no, little, much, some等词修饰；

③先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词；

④先行词被the only, the very(正是，恰是)，the last修饰；

⑤先行词中既有人也有物；

⑥在which或who的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句。

作业

一、1、The person _______ I can turn to for help when in trouble is Mr. Wang. 我困难时可以求助的人是王先生。

2、Children ______ are not active or _______ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.(2010·北京高考) 很少进行体育锻炼或饮食富含脂肪的孩子体重会增加很快。

3、I'd like a room ______ window (＝the window of which) looks out over the sea. 我想要一间窗子朝海的房间。

4、The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those ______ lives were affected.(2013福建,27) 5、He talked about the people and the place ______ he had visited in that country. 他谈到了他在那个国家所见到的人和所参观的地方。

6、All the people ______ come from the country work much harder.

所有来自农村的人工作都更努力得多。

7、This is the best play _____was written by Jack. 这是杰克写得最好的一个剧本。

二、1. We need comrades _____________ can help us. 2. The man __________you saw yesterday was a doctor from Beijing. 3. This is a story about a communist fighter ___________ name或 the name of _____________ is Liu Hu-lan. 4. This is our classroom，

_____________ windows或the windows of _____________ face the south. 5. Here is a book _____________ will give a lot of useful knowledge. 6. This is the song ___________we like best. 7. I will never forget the day，

on ____________ I first saw him.

三、写句子

1、他告诉我他在美国看到的有趣的人和事。

2、把那本封面是红色的书递给我一下

3、这就是你那天拜访的医院吗？

4、这是我第三次来这里。

5、那个名字叫杰克的男孩来自法国。

6我住在窗户朝南的那间房子里。

7、我有一个朋友，他的爸爸是医生。

课后作业

(一)阅读理解 1

A group of reporters asked a group of 4-to-8-year-old children this question, “What does love mean?” The answers were surprising. The children would answer like they did below. Rebecca --- age 8 “When my grandmother hurt her knees , she couldn’t bend (弯腰) over and paint

her toenails (脚趾甲) any more. So my grandfather would do it for her all the time, even when his hands hurt, too. That’s love.”

Samantha --- age 6 “Love is when someone hurts you, and you get so mad but you don’t shout at her because you know it would hurt her feelings.”[来源:学科网]

Terry --- age 4 “Love is what makes you smile when you’re tired.”

Bethany --- age 4 “I let my big sister pick on (捉弄) me because my Mum says she only picks on me because she loves me. So I pick on my baby sister because I love her.”

Lauren --- age 4 “I know my elder sister loves me because she gives me all her old clothes and has to go out and buy new clothes.”

Elaine --- age 5 “Love is when Mummy gives Daddy the best piece of chicken.”

Clear --- age 5 “My Mummy loves me more than anybody. You don’t see anyone else kissing me to sleep at night.”

Jessica --- age 8 “You really shouldn’t say ‘I love you’ unless you mean it. But if you mean it, you should say it a lot. People forget.”

1. The passage mainly tells us about ______. A. what “ life ” means to children

B. what “family ” means to children

C. what “ friendship ” means to children

D. what “ love ” means to children

2. Who told us the love between Mum and Dad? A. Clear.

B. Elaine.

C. Rebecca.

D. Lauren. 3. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A. Rebecca’s grandmother ever couldn’t bend over.

B. Bethany wants to be picked on by any other person. C. If Samantha becomes angry, she will not shout at others. D. Lauren prefers to wear her sister’s old clothes.

4. What does Jessica mean about love? A. Too much love is no love. B. You should say love more often. C. You mean what you think. D. Say love more often if you have it. 5. What is love according to Terry? A. Love is the care between husband and wife. B. Love is a rest when you are tired. C. Love is what cheers you up when you are tired. D. Love is a kiss from parents.

2. Most of us probably live without vegetables, but a world without chocolate? Now that would be hard! According to chocolate makers it could happen if we don’t act soon.

There are two main causes of the chocolate shortage --- chocolate’s growing popularity and less production of cocoa, the plant from which chocolate is made. With more and more people in India and China loving chocolate, not much can be done about the first cause.

Therefore, the only thing we can do is to increase cocoa production. However, new plant diseases and little rain in Ivory Coast and Ghana, the world’s largest producers, have reduced cocoa production by 40 percent in the past 10 years. What’s worse, many cocoa farmers in Africa and other cocoa-producing countries like Indonesia and Venezuela are changing to easier-to-grow crops such as corn or rubber. This way, the farmers can make more money.

To prevent more farmers from changing, researchers at the newly opened International Cocoa Control Centre, in the UK, are trying to create new cocoa plants that are stronger and faster growing. But first they must make sure the new plants are safe to grow. This takes a long time.

First, each new plant is stored at the Control Centre for six months to make sure it is healthy. It is then planted in the Centre’s fields, studied and tested for another two years. Only after scientists are certain that they’re disease-free, will the plants be sent to farmers in West Africa or wherever else they are needed.

To create new stronger types of cocoa, scientists at the Centre are combining the best parts from different cocoa plants. Though the world is facing a serious chocolate shortage, there is now hope!

6. The first paragraph tells us that______.

A. chocolate is healthier than vegetables B. the world could soon be without chocolate C. people love vegetables more than chocolate D. it’s not necessary to eat so much chocolate

7. In which countries has chocolate become more popular in recent years?

A. Venezuela and Indonesia. B. Ivory Coast and Ghana.

C. Indonesia and China. D. China and India.

8. Cocoa farmers are choosing to grow rubber and corn because these crops______.

A. can make them more money B. need less rain to grow

C. can be planted more times each year D. are not damaged by plant diseases

9. How long does it take scientists at the Centre to make sure a cocoa plant is safe to grow?

A. 6 months. B. 12 months. C. 24 months. D. 30 months.

10.

What is one of the purposes of the Cocoa Control Centre?

A. To introduce cocoa production to more countries.

B. To provide more chocolate for British people.

C. To produce stronger types of cocoa plants.

D. To make sure that cocoa is healthy to eat.

（二）完型填空

Kierman was born in Sydney, Australia, and grew up near the sea. For more than 40 years, he raced in international sailing competitions.In 1987, Kierman was competing in an around-the-world race when he began to 1

the huge amount of rubbish in the world’s oceans. When he returned to Australia, he

2 to do something about it.

He organized a community _3___ called “Clean Up Sydney Harbour.” On Sunday, January 8, 1989, more than 40,000 volunteers came out to __4_

away rubbish. The next year, Kierman made the clean-up a national event. It was a huge __5_ . Across Australia, about 300,000 people spent the day improving their local __6_

.

Since then, “Clean Up Australia” has got ____7

every year. In 2002, for example,800,000 people cleaned up almost 15,000 tons of rubbish from Australia’s beaches, parks and streets.

Kierman was ____8

with the success of his project. In 2003, he started an even bigger program. With the ___9_ of the United Nations Environment Program, he

introduced

“Clean Up the World”, an international program that supports

communities around the world in cleaning up and protecting the environment. “Clean Up the World” has grown __10__

and his wonderful idea has now spread

from one city to the whole world.

1、. save

B. collect

C. notice

D. produce

2、A. refused

B. decided

C. pretended

D. stopped

3、A. law

B. party

C. company

D. event

4、A. clear

B. send

C. turn

D. give

5、A. problem

B. success

C. surprise

D. failure

6、A. culture

B. project

C. government

D. environment

7、A. older

B. smaller

C. bigger

D. faster

8、A. happy

B. angry

C. disappointed D. concerned

9、A. need

B. help

C. hope

D. action

10、A. loudly

B. gently

C. rapidly

D. busily

完形填空

阅读理解 1 【答案】

1-5 DBBDC

阅读理解 2 【答案】

6-10 BDADC

完型填空

答案

【答案】

1-5 CBDAB 6-10 DCABC