Grammar教学设计一等奖

Book 1 Module 4 课时学案

Period

3

Grammar 现在完成时用法小结

【例句展示】

观察下列各句中的动词时态的用法，然后完成【自我归纳】。

1. Jim has finished doing his homework already.

2. Have you heard the news about Mary yet?

3. Mary has been married to Tom for several years / since several years ago. 4. My brother has had this bike for almost four years.

5. He has gone to New York, so you can’t find him here.

6. I’ve been to New York three times.

7. If it has stopped snowing in the morning, we will go to the park. 8. It is the first time that I have visited the city. 9. This is the most interesting story that I have ever heard. 10. It is / has been three years since I last went back to my hometown. 【自我归纳】

一、

现在完成时的构成形式: 肯定句谓语结构：_____；否定句谓语结构：

... have / has not + 动词-ed; 一般疑问句就是将have / has提到句首，并将首字母h大写，句末用问号；肯定的简略回答是：Yes，主语

＋

have / has；否定的简略回答是：No，主语

＋

have / has not。

Key: ... have / has + 动词-ed

二、

现在完成时的用法: 1. 表示_____发生或已经完成的某一动作对_____造成的影响或结果，常与already, yet, just，recently，ever，never, before, so far, up to now, till now等连用，如句1-2。

2. 表示从_____已经开始，一直持续到_____的动作或状态，常与for，since，in the past / last + 时间段，in recent years, all one’s life等连用，如句3-4。此时句中的动词常是延续性的，如

stay，

keep，

work，

live等。表示短暂意义的动词其

现在完成时的肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，需要时要用相应的表示延续状态的动词替换，常见的有：leave →

be away, borrow →

keep, buy →

have, begin / start →

be on, die →

be dead, move to →

live in, finish / end →

be over, join →

be in / be a member of, fall ill / asleep →

be ill / asleep, get up →

be up, catch a cold →

have a cold, marry →

be married, come / arrive here →

be here。注意：表示短暂意义的动词其完成时的否定式可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如：He has not come here for three days. 他已经三天没有来了。

3. have / has gone to 表示到某处去了，因此人还在那里，而

have / has been to 表示已去过某处，如句5-6。

4. 现在完成时还可用在时间和条件状语从句中，表示将来某时完成的动作，如句7。

Key: 过去；现在；过去；现在

三、

常用固定句式：

1. This / It is the first / second / 其他序数词

/ last time + that从句，从句的谓语动词用_____时，如句8。

2. This / It is (one of) + 形容词最高级

+ n. (pl.) + that从句，从句的谓语动词常用_____时，如句9。

3. It is / has been + 一段时间

+ since从句，从句常用_____时，如句10。

Key: 现在完成；现在完成；一般过去

四、现在完成时和一般过去时的区别：

1. John lived in Paris for 3 years. 2. John has lived in Paris for 3 years. 这两个句子都有时间状语for 3 years，但却使用了不同的时态。句1表示过去的动作（居住）在过去延续了多长时间（三年），live这一动作和现在没有关系，用一般过去时；句2表示从过去开始的动作（居住）延续至今，甚至还可能继续持续下去，用现在完成时。

【即学即练】

根据汉语意思完成下列句子，每空一词。

1. 这是我第一次参观动物园并且看到这么多老虎。

This is _____ _____ _____ that I _____ _____ the zoo and seen so many tigers. 2. 自从我们上次见面已经有5年的时间了。

_____ _____ _____ 5 years _____ we last saw each other. 3. 我从来没见过这么高的大楼。

I _____ _____ _____ such a high building. 4. 他说他爸爸已经去厦门了。

He says that his father _____ _____ _____ Xiamen. 5. 你去过颐和园吗？

_____ _____ _____ _____ to the Summer Palace? 6. 他离家有两年半了。

He _____ _____ _____ _____ his home for two and a half years.

【即学即练】

1. the first time; have visited

2. It has been; since 3. have never seen 4. has gone to

5. Have you ever been

6. has been away from