Listening and vocabulary教学实录

定语从句教案

教学目的

1、了解定语从句的位置、结构以及翻译；

2、学习并掌握定语从句的规则，尤其是关系代词的选择。

ii. teaching points:（教学重点）

1、定语从句，先行词以及关系代词的概念；

2、关系代词的选择。

（教学方法）

1、歌曲引入法，小魔术引导法；

2、举例讲解，说明定语从句的用法；

3、以讲练结合的方法加深学生印象。

（教学步骤）

（导入）

引入定语从句概念

（一）定语从句定义

1.定语从句：在复合句中，修饰某个名词或代词的句子（做这个名词或代词的定语）叫定语从句，定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面，

2.先行词：被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词。

3.用来引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。

关系代词的种类：

关系代词that, which, who, whose,

关系副词： when, where, why 4.定语从句结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句。

1. there she saw a wall of water that was quickly advancing towards her. 2. in japan, someone who sees another person making the gesture will think it means money. 4. the park has a conservation center that helps protect marine animals and their habitats in the rivers and coastal waters of asia.

5. visitors can go on exciting rides where they can feel what it is like to do the things they have seen their heroes do in the movie. 6. oprah winfrey is a black woman whose rise to fame is an inspiring story.

（二）定语从句分类

限定性定语从句：从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明，对先行词起修饰限定

作用，从句与先行词紧密相连缺少它，则句义显得不完整，一般不用逗号隔开。

非限定性定语从句：对先行词进行补充说明，解释，它与先行词关系松散，用

逗号隔开。

1.the man who gave me this book is tom .(限定性) 2.tom,who is reading a book ,is my classmate (非限定性)

（三）关系代词

1. who指人，在定语从句中作主语，口语中可做宾语；that 也可指人，但多用

who. e.g. the man who is sitting under the tree is a german . 2. whom指人，在句中做宾语，可省略，但在做介词的宾语是只能用whom,不

能用who.关系代词前有介词时不能省略。

e.g. the man (whom) you look for has left . i know the girl (whom) the teacher is speaking to . i know the girl to whom the teacher is speaking . 3. whose, 作定语，可指人或物

e.g. everyone heplps the child whose parents are dead. they are the lazy students whose homework wasn‘t handed in .

针对练习

2011全国卷i)the prize will go to the writer ________ story shows the most imagination. a. that b. which c. whose

d. what 2011the school shop,

________ customers are mainly students, is closed few the holidays. a. whichb. whosec. when d. where 3.〖10山东〗that‘s the new machine ______ parts are too small to be seen. a. thatb. whichc. whosed. what 4.〖10陕西〗the old temple _______ roof was damaged in storm is now under repair. a. where b. which c. its d. whose 5.〖10北京〗children who are not active or diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. a. what b. whose c. whichd. that 6.〖10重庆〗in china, the number of cities is increasing ________development is recognized across the world. a. whereb. whichc. whosed. that 7.〖09天津〗a person ______ e-mail account is full won‘t be able to send or receive any e-mails.a. who b. whom c. whosed. whoever8.〖09安徽〗many children, parents are away working in big cities, are taken good care of in the village．

a．theirb．whose c．of themd．with whom 9.〖09湖南〗i was born in new orleans, louisiana, a city name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind. a. which b. of which c. that d. whose 4.that 指人或物，多指物，作主语（不能省略）或宾语（可省略）

this is a plant that grows in the north . 5. which ,指物，在句中做主语（不能省略），或宾语（可省略）。

e.g. this is a plant which grows in the north . ? 常用that不用which的情况

只能that用做关系代词的情况（共9种类型）。

1.当先行词是all, everything, anything, nothing, much,

little, none, one等不定代词时，只用that。

歌诀助记：不定代词这路货，全用that准没错。

pay attention to everything that i do. 2.当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，只用that。

歌诀助记：先行词前被限定，千万不要用which. this is the best novel (that) have read. 3.如果出现两个或两个以上的先行词，并同时兼指人和物时，关系代词用that。

歌诀助记：两项并列人与物，引导定从用that. they were talking about the person and things that they remembered in school. 4.当先行词被the only, the last, the way, the same等等修饰时。

this is the last time that i shall give you a lesson. 5.在疑问词which开头的特殊疑问句中,为了避免重复只用that。

which of the students that knows something about history. 6. 当先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时，只用that。he has little time that he can spare. 7.当被修饰的成分是数词时，（被修饰成分是代名词one，指人时除外）只用that.i‘ve got one that you might be interested in.

（3）用which，不用that的情况

①引导非限制性定语从句。

e.g. football, which is an interesting game, is played all over the world.全世界都踢足球，它是一项有趣的运动。

carol said the work would be done by october, which personally i doubt very much. 卡罗尔说这项工作将在十月前做，对此我个人表示怀疑。 dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, which ,of course, made the others unhappy. 桃乐茜总是吹嘘她在戏剧中的角色，这当然使别人不高兴。

②直接放在介词后作宾语时。

a. whichb. wherec. when d. as 2011the old town has narrow streets and small houses _____are built close to each other.

a. they b. where c. what d. that a. which b. wherec. what d. who a. who b. wherec. when d. which 5.〖10全国ⅱ〗i refuse to accept the blame for something ________was someone else‘s fault. a. whob. that c. asd. what

（四）关系副词

1.when 指时间

（1）在定语从句中作状语，先行词主要为一些时间名词（year ,day ,time,week 等）,但时间名词在从句中作主语，宾语时，应用that，which，不能用when 做主语

i‘ll never forget the time 作状语

做主语

做宾语

he rememberes the days when he spent much money on stories . (2) it is the first time that …句型中，that是习惯用法，不用when。

e.g. it is the first time that i have been to the great wall . 2.where 指地点

（1）指前面的地点，在从句中作状语。

e.g. i know the factory where i worked twenty years ago . (2) 指地点，在句中作主语，宾语时不能用where，须用that/which . e.g. this is the house where he has lived for 20 years . this is the house that he has lived in for 20 years . e.g. this is the shool ｛in which /where we study every year. this is the shool that /which we visited yesterday.

注：有时when ,where 相当于“介词+at/in +which ”. e.g. he left the room where /in which he lived last year. (3) 当先行词为某个方面、情况、阶段、位置等的词时使用关系副词

3.why表示原因

―the reason why ….that…. ‖中，不能用because 代替that . the reason why he didn‘t attend the meeting is that he was ill .

但reason 在从句中做宾语时，关系代词用that/which ,课省略

e.g. i don‘t believe the reason (which/that) he gave me .

关系副词针对性练习

2011between the two parts of the concert is an interval（

间隔; 幕间, 休息时间; 距离）, _______ the audience can buy ice-cream. a. when b. where c. that d. which 2011whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, _____ it will keep for two or three weeks. a. when b. which c. where d. while 2011a bank is the place ______ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain. a. when b. that c. where d. there 2011the palace hall of the wedding ceremony. a．that b．when c．since d．

berore 2011i walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, __________ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake. a. whichb. wherec. who d. that 6.〖10福建〗stephen hawking believes that earth is unlikely to be the only planet life has developed gradually. a. that b. where c. which d. whose 7.〖10江西〗the girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training center with her sister ______ she would stay for an hour. a whereb who c which d what 8.〖10天津〗-----can you believe i had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut? -----you should try the barber‘st‘s only 15. a. as b. which c. where d. that 10.〖09四川〗she‘ll never forget her stay there she found

her son who had gone missing two years before. a. that b. which c. where d. when 11.〖09福建〗it‘s helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently. a. that b. when c. whichd. where 12.〖09浙江〗i have reached a point in my life ______ i am supposed to make decisions of my own. a. which b. wherec. how d. why a. whyb. what c. that d. where 14.〖09北京〗—what do you think of teacher, bob？

—i find it fun and challenging. it is a job ___ you are doing something serious but interesting. a. where b. whichc. when d. that 15.〖08北京〗i‘ll give you my friend‘s home address, i can be reached most evenings.a.which b.when c.whom d.where 16.〖08安徽〗all the neighbors admire this family, like a friend. a.why b.where c.which d.that a.where b.when c.who d.which 18.〖08重庆〗they will fly to washington, a.where b.therec.which d.when 19.〖08山东〗occasionsi have the time to spend a day with my kids. a.who b.which c.whyd.when

（五）．“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句

当先行词在定于从句中作介词的宾语时，往往可以把介词放在关系代词之前，构成“介词+关系代词（whom/which）”结构。但一些短语东西如look after 等中的介词不能与动词分开，故不能放在关心代词之前。确定介词时：