Grammar第一课时教学实录

必修一

Unit 3

Travel journal 重点词汇

（旨在提供综合运用所需材料）

1. prefer v. （preferred/preferring）

更喜欢，选择某事物（而不选择其他事物）

[典例]

1). I prefer dogs to cats. 猫狗之中我更喜欢狗。

2). I prefer speaking the truth to lying. 我宁愿讲实话而不愿说谎。

3). Would you prefer that we put off our wedding till next mouth? 你是否更愿意把我们的婚礼推迟到下个月？

[重点用法] prefer sth../doing

prefer that-clause

[练习] 中译英

1). 比起乘坐拥挤的公共汽车，他宁愿骑自行车。

______________________________________________________________ 2). 玛丽更愿意我在外面等她。

______________________________________________________________ Keys: 1). Rather than ride on a crowded bus, he always prefers to ride a bicycle. 2). Mary prefers me to wait for her outside.

2. persuade v.

说服；劝说

[典例]

1). We persuaded him to take the job / into taking the job. 我们说服了他接受这份工作。

2). My mother finally persuaded me not to go to the party / out of going to the party.

妈妈最终说服我不参加这次聚会。

3). How can I persuade you of my sincerity？

我如何能让你相信我是真诚的？

4). I am almost persuaded that he is honest. 我几乎相信了他是诚实的。

[重点用法] persuade sb. to do sth.= persuade sb. into doing sth. 说服某人做某事

persuade sb. not to do sth. = persuade sb. out of sth./doing sth.

劝阻某人做某事

persuade sb. of sth.

使某人相信某事

persuade that-clause

使某人相信... [练习] 中译英

1）他正试图说服他的朋友放弃抽烟。

2) 我们使亨利相信是他错了。

3) 我几乎相信他是诚实的。

prefer A to B prefer (sb.) to do (rather than do) prefer doing A to doing B

Key：1) He is trying to persuade his friends to give up smoking.

3. insist v.

坚持

[典例]

You can come back later, if you insist.

如果你一定要坚持，你就稍后再来吧。

[重点用法] insist on/upon sth./( sb’s) doing 坚持某事/要求（某人）做某事

I still insist on my viewpoint.

我仍然坚持我的观点。

He insisted on paying for the meal.

他坚持要付饭钱。

Mother insisted on our washing the clothes by ourselves. 妈妈坚决要求我们自己洗衣服。

[练习] 选择填空

1). The man insisted _______ a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby. A. find

B. to find

C. on finding

D. in finding 2). I insist that a doctor _______ immediately.

A. has been sent for

B. sends for

C. will be sent for

D. be sent for

3). Some people insisted that the person _____ a thief and insisted that he _____ to the police station. A. was; be taken

B. was, would be taken

C. should be; should be taken

D. be; be taken

Keys: 1). C 2). D 3). A

4. determine v.

决定；确定；下定决心

[典例]

1). Attitude determines everything.

态度决定一切。

2). We determined to go to the railway station at once.

我们决定立刻去火车站。

3). I wonder what determined her to marry him in the end. 我想知道是什么使她最终下决心嫁给他的。

4). The court determined that the man was guilty of robbery. 法庭裁定那个人犯了抢劫罪。

[重点用法] determine on/upon (doing) sth.

determine to do sth. 决心做某事

determine + that-clause

determine + n.

determine sb. to do sth. 使某人下定

2) We persuaded Harry that he was wrong.

3)I am almost persuaded of his honesty.

adj.

be determined to do sth. [练习] 中译英

1). 你决定好暑假做什么了吗？

______________________________________________________________ 2). 她决心要上哈佛大学。

______________________________________________________________ Keys: 1). Have you determined what to do in the summer holidays?

2).She was determined to go to Harvard University.

重点词组

（旨在提供综合运用所需材料）

1. care about 关心，在乎

[典例]

1). The only thing he cares about is money.

他唯一在乎的东西就是金钱。

2). Family members should always care about each other.

一家人应该互相关心。

[短语归纳] care for 喜欢（多用于否定、疑问句）；照顾

I don’t care for coffee.

我不喜欢喝咖啡。

Could you help care for my child when I am out？

我外出时能帮忙照顾下我的孩子吗？

[练习] 中译英

1). 她关心的只是她的社交活动。

______________________________________________________________ 2). 他深深地爱着她。

______________________________________________________________ Keys: 1). All she cares about is her social life.

2). He cares for her deeply.

2.

give in 屈服，让步，投降；上交

[典例] 1). Seeing that he could not persuade me, he had to give in (to my view). 由于无法说服我，他不得不认输。

2). It’s time to give in your examination papers. 到了交试卷的时间了。

[短语归纳] give in (to sb./sth.) 向…让步

某事

give away

赠送；泄露

give back 归还；恢复

give off

放出，散发(光、热、烟、气味等)

give over 交付

give out vt.

分配；分发；发布

vi.（食物，燃料，电力等）用光；筋疲力尽

[练习]

用

give 构成的短语的适当形式填空。

give up sth./doing

放弃（做）

1). When will the food supplied of our enemy________. 2). He intended to________ a large amount of money to the Project Hope. 3). Because of his low salary, he had to _________ his dream trip to Europe. Keys: 1). give out

3. change one’s mind 改变主意

make up one’s mind (to do) 下定决心（做某事）

[典例] 1). Maybe you’ll change your mind after thinking it over. 也许你仔细考虑之后会改变主意。

2). I have made up my mind to leave, and nothing you say will change it. 我已经下定决心，不管你说什么我都不会改主意了。

[短语归纳]

与mind 有关的常用短语

have a/no mind to do

有/无意做

read one’s mind 看出某人的心思

be of the same mind

意见一致

give one’s mind to 注意…

take one’s mind off sth. 转移某人的注意力

bring/call sth. to mind 回忆某事

[练习] 中译英

1). 我决心当医生。

______________________________________________________________ 2). 任何事情都不能使我改变主意。

______________________________________________________________ Keys: 1). I've made up my mind to be a doctor.

2). Nothing will make me change my mind.

重点句子

（旨在提供句子结构等所需材料）

1. It was my sister who/that first had the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River. 首先想到沿湄公河骑车旅游的是我姐姐。

[解释] 强调句型

It is/was + 被强调部分

+ that/who + 其余部分。被强调部分可以是原句的主语、宾语、状语、从句。

强调主语：

It is the ability to do the job that matters, not where you come from or what you are. 关键是你的工作能力而不是你从哪来或你是谁。

强调宾语：

put sb. in mind of sth. 使某人想起某事

lose one’s mind 失去理智

speak one’s mind 直言不讳

be in/of two minds 拿不定主意

keep one’s mind on 专心于…

bear/keep sth. in mind 记住某事

2). give away

3). give up

It was Michael that/who I gave this ticket to.

我把这张票给了麦克。

强调时间状语：

It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. 大约600年前，第一个有钟面和时针的钟诞生了。

强调地点状语：

It was in Brooklyn that Beckham first met Victoria, so they named their first son Brooklyn.

布鲁克林是贝克汉姆和维多利亚第一次相遇的地方，所以他们给第一个儿子取名布鲁克林。

强调从句：

It was because he is in critical condition that the doctor decided to operate on him. 医生之所以决定为他动手术，是因为他病情危险。

[练习] 中译英

1). 我把这张票给了麦克。

______________________________________________________________ 2). 医生之所以决定为他动手术，是因为他病情危险。

______________________________________________________________ Keys: 1). It was Michael that/who I gave this ticket to. 2). It was because he is in critical condition that the doctor decided to operate on him.

2. She insisted that she (should) organize the trip properly. [解释]insist + that-clause

insist 意为“坚持要求（做某事）”时，宾语从句用虚拟语气，谓语用should do的形式, should可省略；而insist 意为“坚持认为，坚持某种观点”时，宾语从句的动词时态根据具体的语境变化，不用虚拟语气。

He insisted that he hadn’t made a mistake.

他坚持认为自己没有犯错。

The bodyguards insisted that the president (should) keep away from the crowd for the sake of safety.

出于安全考虑，护卫人员坚决要求总统远离人群。

suggest (建议)，demand (要求)，require (要求)，request (请求)，order (命令)等动词的宾语从句也常用

“(should) do” 表示虚拟语气。

[练习] 中译英

1). 我坚决要求你立刻采取行动把事情处理好。

______________________________________________________________ 2). 他反应冷淡表明他并不喜欢这个主意。

______________________________________________________________ Keys:

1). I insist on your taking/insist that you take immediate action to put this right. 2). His cool response suggested that he didn't like the idea. 课文要点（模块）

1课文词汇等填空（旨在复习本课文中的单词拼写和主要词语等）

根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：

Wang Kun and his sister Wang wei had a dream

1

taking a bike trip along the Mekong River. They began their trip from

2

it begins to where it ends. Wang Wei was so stubborn that

3

she was

4

( 决心) to do something , nothing could

5

her mind. So though Wang Kun had different idea about the trip but he had to give

6

.

The Mekong River begins at a glacier on a Tibetan mountain

7

an altitude of more than 5,000 metres. It passes

8

deep valleys,

9

(travel)

10

western Yunnan Province and finally flows into the South China Sea.

答案：1. of/about

2. where

3. once 4. determined 5. change 6. in7. with 8. through 9. traveling 10. across 2课文佳句背诵与仿写

（旨在培养对难句的理解和写作能力）

1.【原句】It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends. 首先想到要沿着湄公河从源头到终点骑车旅游的是我的姐姐。

[模仿要点] 句子结构：

强调句

It is /was + 强调部分+ that/who…

【模仿1】正是树的绿荫保护我们免于太阳的照射，使我们精力更加充沛。

_______________________________________________________ 答案：It is the green shade from the trees that protect us from the sun, making us feel more energetic. 【模仿2】一直到奥运会在中国举行，世界才充分领略了中国文化的魅力。

______________________________________________________________ 答案：It is not until the 29th Olympic Games were hosted in China that the world completely experience the charm of Chinese culture.

[模仿要点] 句子结构：定语从句where 的用法

【模仿3】他在他出生和成长的地方投资了一家车厂，年产10万汽车

______________________________________________________________ 答案：He invested a car factory where he was born and grew up, which produced 10,000 cars per year.

【模仿4】在很难找到食物的地方就没有什么鸟能长年栖息. ______________________________________________________________ 答案：Where food is hard to find, few birds remain throughout the year. 单元自测

（模块）

1完形填空

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从21—30各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最

佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

字数：217 完成时间：15分钟

When it’s 10:15 in New York, it’s 9:15 in Salt Lake City, and 7:15 in San Francisco –

isn’t it? This consistent and orderly time system, based on a grid of time

21

, seems so natural that people

22

give it a moment’s thought. So you may find it surprising to learn that prior to the late 1800s each community

23

its own time – by looking at the sun. When the sun shone directly overhead in Washington, D.C., for example, it was 12:00 noon there; up the road in Philadelphia,

24

, it was 12:07, and in Boston it was 12:24. To measure time with absolute accuracy, it is necessary to move the clock about one minute for every twelve miles of distance; so according to “sun time” your pocket watch would be slightly

25

if you ventured only a few miles down the road. It was not until the advent of widespread railroad travel that a need

26

for

27

time. At one point over 300 local times were honored within the

28

, making it literally impossible for trains to arrive consistently on time

29

. As a result, in 1883 the continental United States was divided into four time longitude. The standardization resulting from this system

30

so helpful that in 1884 the International Meridian Conference applied the same procedure to establish time zones around the world. 21. A. 22. A. 23. A. 24. A. 25. A. 26. A. 27. A. 28. A. 29. A. 30. A. [答案] 21. C. 时区time zone, 是固定词组。

22. D. 人们习以为常了，所以很少想到它，选rarely, 经常想起、从不想起和只想起它都不合理。

23. B. 句意应为每个地区都确立自己的时间，只有establish可以表示建立制度。

24. A.根据上下文可判断出此处为转折对比关系，

而by contrast 表示相反的对比，所以选however。

areas usually made however different arrived state B. B. B. B. B. B. B. districts never established therefore

C. wrong raised county C. C. C. C. C. C. zones only arranged incorrect happened world was proving D. D. D. D. D. D. D. divisions rarely founded mistaken arose country proved 难度：*** meanwhile D. by contrast regularized B. everywhere B. was proved B. organized

C.corrected anywhere

C.nowhere has been proved C. D.standardized D.somewhere

25. C. 根据“太阳时”，只要离开几英里，表就会有一些不准，而不是不同、错误或误解。

26. D. 需要出现应该搭配的动词是arise。

27. A. 是需要调整时间，而不是使时间有组织、改变或标准化。

28. D. 根据上下文，是在美国境内有300多个地区时。

29. A. 根据文意，火车不可能在每个地方都准时，所以选everywhere, 和impossible 构成部分否定。

30. D．该系统被证明很帮助，应该用prove的主动形式，时态用一般过去时。

2阅读理解

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

词数：334 完成时间：7分钟

难度：***

Yi So-yeon, an engineer from Seoul, returned to Earth on Saturday after 11 days aboard the International Space Station (ISS), along with Russian cosmonaut Yuri Malenchenko and US astronaut Peggy Whitson.

A technical problem turned a routine (常规) return to Earth into a sharper than usual descent (下降) that tested the group members' stamina and courage. They landed in the Kazakh steppes ( 大草原)

about 420km

(260 miles) wide of their target.

"During the descent there was some kind of fire outside the Soyuz capsule because we were going through the atmosphere," Yi said.

"At first I was afraid, but the two other guys looked okay, so I tried to look okay too."

Yi smiled and joked her way through a 10-minute news briefing at Star City, the wooded Sovietera cosmonaut training centre on the edge of Moscow. However, Malenchenko and Whitson looked tired and thin after nearly six months in space. Their answers were short and Whitson needed support to balance when she walked. The 29-year-old Yi has become famous in South Korea since the take-off but she brushed this aside and said she has had little contact with friends or family since returning.

"In fact, they are the heroes right now," Yi said, referring to Malenchenko and Whitson. "I'm just a beginner and a little ashamed to say that I am a hero."

She did, though, relate a more light-hearted incident on the ISS.

"I sang 'Fly Me to the Moon" Yi said about the 1950s pop song. "It's my favorite song from university although at that time I didn't know I would be an astronaut."

The capsule's so-called "ballistic" re-entering made the group members face twice the usual pull from the centre of the earth.

The flames Yi described may have been caused by friction (摩擦) heating the capsule as it fell through the

atmosphere.

Whitson told reporters that Saturday's ballistic landing, was irregular but not an emergency.

"The Soyuz has been through its history very reliable and there has obviously been some issue in the last couple of descents which went ballistic, but I'm sure the engineers will determine what the problems are and get them fixed," she said.

In October, a Soyuz capsule carrying Malaysia's first space tourist touched down about 200 km (125 miles) off course in a similar ballistic landing caused by a technical problem.

The Soyuz is the world's longest-serving manned space capsule.

An early version of the craft, the Vostok, carried the first person into space in 1961.

Whitson, 48, has become the American with the longest amount of time in space with 377 days. 41. What's the main idea of the passage?

A. Flight in space is very dangerous

B. Not everybody can go into space

C. Fearful landing tests the Korean astronaut

D. Yi didn't know she would be an astronaut when she was young 42. The reason why Yi Suo-yeon felt afraid at first was that __________.

A. a fire was caused by the friction

B. she had no such experience before

C. she was not brave enough

D. the other two didn't help her 43. From the passage, we can learn that __________.

A. Yi So-yeon, a space tourist came from South Korea

B. Whitson became energetic when they landed on earth

C. the two other guys were not afraid during the descent

D. the Soyuz, an unmanned space capsule, had a long history 44. The underlined phrase in this passage means __________. A. out of work

B. out of control

C. in the wrong direction

D. in danger 45. We can conclude from this passage that __________.

A. experience is very important for astronauts to ensure safety

B. Yi Suo-yeon will never return to the space station

C. people are not willing to experience the space flight

D. we should draw a lesson from the accident [答案]

本文讲述Yi Suo-yeon与另外两名宇航员在太空站11天后返回的不平凡经历。

41. C。主旨大意题。令人恐惧的着陆让进入太空的韩国宇航员经受了一次考验。

42. B。细节理解题。根据第六段推理得出, Yi开始时恐惧的原因是以前没有过这种经历。

43. C。由“At first I was afraid, but the two other guys looked okay...”判断得出答案。

44. C。词意猜测题。off course偏离轨道。

45. A。推理判断题。有上下文推理可得:飞行员的经验在旅途中能够对安全起很大作用。