Learning about Language主要内容及教案内容

Period Three

Grammar & Writing

语法感知

1.Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。

2.They were frightened at the sad sight. 他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。

3.With their/the work done，they went out to play. 工作做完了，他们就出去玩了。

4.He asked all the passengers on board to remain seated as the plane was making a landing. 他要求所有的乘客都待在原位不动，因为飞机正在着陆。

5.Look at your dirty clothes.You’d better get/have them washed. 看看你的脏衣服，你最好把它们洗干净。

语法精析

一、过去分词作定语

单个的过去分词作定语往往置于被修饰的名词的前面，过去分词短语作定语常置于被修饰的名词的后面。及物动词的-ed形式，表示被动和完成意义；不及物动词的-ed形式仅仅表示完成。

过去分词作定语时的几种情况：

1.前位修饰：单独一个过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。

We need more qualified teachers. 我们需要更多合格的教师。

The wounded soldier lay on the ground，unable to move.那个受伤的士兵躺在地上，不能动弹。

2.后位修饰：分词短语要置于被修饰的名词之后。

The girl dressed in red is my daughter. 那个穿红衣服的女孩是我女儿。

We are going to talk about the problem discussed at the last meeting. 我们准备谈一谈上次会上讨论的问题。

This is a letter written in blue ink. 这是一封用蓝墨水写的信。

3.后位修饰：如果被修饰的词是由some/any/no＋thing/body/one所形成的不定代词或指示代词

those等时，即使一个单一的分词作形容词时，也要放在被修饰词之后。

Is there anything unsolved? 还有什么问题没有解决吗？

There is almost nothing changed since I left the town two years ago. 自从我两年前离开这个镇以来，几乎没有什么变化。

4.有时为了强调还可将单一的分词置于被修饰名词之后。

They decided to change the material used. 他们决定改变所用的原材料。

The experience gained will be of great value to us. 取得的经验将对我们很有价值。

注意：过去分词及过去分词短语作定语一般均可以转换为一个定语从句。

The lost time can never be found again.(＝The time which is lost can never be found again.) 失去的时间永远也找不回来。

The suggestion (which had been) sent to the committee was adopted. 呈送给委员会的建议被采纳了。

二、过去分词作表语

过去分词作表语，表示主语的某种性质或状态，这时过去分词可以被看作一个形容词，是形容词化的过去分词。常见的有seated，surprised，astonished，amazed，moved，exhausted，worried，devoted，pleased，inspired，encouraged，excited，delighted，satisfied，scared，frightened，disappointed等。

I am pleased with the result of the experiment. 我对试验结果很满意。

注意：1.有些表示位置移动的不及物动词的过去分词也可作表语。

2.过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：过去分词作表语，主要是表示主语的状态，而被动语态则表示动作。

The cup is broken. 杯子破了。(是表语，表示杯子的状态) The cup was broken by Jim. 杯子是吉姆打破的。(是被动语态，表示动作) 3.过去分词作表语，说明主语所处的状态，有时也指人的情绪的变化；现在分词作表语说明主语的性质或特性。

His response to the question was quite disappointing.I felt disappointed at his response. 他对这个问题的反应相当令人失望。我对他的反应感到失望。

三、过去分词作宾补

作宾补的过去分词多是及物动词，说明宾语的状态或性质，与宾语一起构成复合宾语，它前

面的宾语就是其逻辑主语。句子改为被动句时，原来的宾语补足语相应变为主语补足语。

(一)能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下三类：

1.表示感觉或心理状态的动词。如：see，watch，observe，find，look at，hear，listen to，feel，notice，think等。

(1)I heard the song sung in English. 我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。

(2)He found his hometown greatly changed. 他发现他的家乡变化很大。

2.表示“致使”意义的动词。如：have，make，get，keep，leave等。

(3)I’ll have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理发。

(4)He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了。

(5)Don’t leave those things undone. 务必把那些事情做完。

3.表示“希望”、“要求”意义的动词。如：like，order，want，wish，expect等，其后用“vt.＋(to be)＋p.p.”。

(6)I would like this matter (to be) settled at once. 我希望此事立刻得到解决。

(7)I wish my homework (to be) finished before five o’clock.我希望在5点前完成我的作业。

(二)过去分词作宾补表示的意义

1.过去分词作宾补表示被动关系，其动作先于谓语动作。如例句(1)，过去分词sung的动作显然先于谓语动作heard；例句(2)，过去分词changed的动作显然先于谓语动作found。

2.过去分词作宾补时，过去分词所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。如例句(4)，动宾关系是pull out his tooth；例句(6)，动宾关系是settle this matter。

(三)过去分词作宾补时，要注意以下几种情况：

1.使役动词have接过去分词作宾补有两种情况：

(1)过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成。

He had his money stolen. 他的钱被偷了。(被别人偷去了) (2)过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历。

He had his leg broken. 他的腿断了。(自己的经历) 2.过去分词在原句中作宾补时，如果原句变为被动语态，那么过去分词就在新句中作主补了。

The big fire is reported controlled.

据报道，这场大火已经得到控制。

The meeting room was found thoroughly cleaned and everything arranged in good order. 人们发现会议室被彻底打扫过了，一切都布置得井井有条。

[题组训练]

Ⅰ.用所给动词的正确形式填空

1.What’s the language spoken(speak) in that country? 2.There was a sudden burst of lightning followed(follow) by a terrible noise. 3.Can those people seated(seat) at the back of the classroom hear me? 4.The workers were soon tired(tire). 5.The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see carried(carry) out the next year. 6.The inspired(inspire) soldier soon calmed down. 7.She looks worried(worry) these days.What do you think has happened to her? 8.I fell down and broke three of my teeth.I wonder how many times I have to come here and get my false teeth fixed(fix). 9.I felt disappointed(disappoint) at his response. 10.Students should have their homework finished(finish) by themselves not by copying others’.

Ⅱ.完成句子

1.He had a pleased look(愉快的神情) on his face. 2.They reduced the number of animals used in the experiment(被用于实验中的). 3.He looked/looks very excited(看起来很激动). 4.The bridge built in the early 1990s(在20世纪90年代早期建造的) is still in good condition. 5.With the money lost(钱丢了)，he couldn’t buy any ticket. 高考链接

Ⅰ.用所给动词的正确形式填空

1.A study of travelers conducted(conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.(2015·全国Ⅰ) 2.Back from his two-year medical service in Africa，Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother taken(take) good care of at home.(2015·陕西)

3.There were many people waiting at the bus stop，and some of them looked very anxious and disappointed(disappoint).(2014·新课标全国Ⅱ) 4.Amie Salmon，disabled，is attended throughout her school days by a nurse appointed(appoint) to guard her.(2014·浙江) 5.While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted(promote)，Henry did his best to perform his duty.(2014·安徽) 6.For those with family members far away，the personal computer and the phone are important in

staying connected(connect).(2014·福建) 7.In some languages,100 words make up half of all words used(use) in daily conversations.(2013·天津) 8.The witnesses questioned(question) by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.(2013·陕西) Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误) 1.The position of the classroom with its view made me 改错) 2.I am awfully tiring，but I know I’ll never fall asleep.(2013·浙江，短文改错) tiredinteresting

in biology and chose to learn biology when I entered the interestedfelt

like I was dreaming.(2015·浙江，短文feel3.Gradually，I became college.(2012·重庆，短文改错) 4.I also shared with my friends many photos 5.Therefore，I told them taking

in Beijing.(2012·陕西，短文改错) takeninterested

stories and how I was enjoying Brazil.(2012·浙江，短文改错) interestingusing

in washing，especially bath water which is used6.Third，we should find ways to reuse the water quite a lot，and that will save much water.(2012·大纲全国Ⅱ，短文改错)

写作指导

求职信属于公务信函，格式和用词比较正规，其目的在于让聘用方了解自己的经验、能力、成就、愿望等，所以个人情况的介绍应该是求职信的核心内容，应尽可能向对方说明本人的长处，以便留下好印象，获得进一步面谈的机会。

求职信一般包括以下内容：

1.介绍信息来源

介绍信息来源通常是英文求职信正文部分的开篇句，它可使求职信显得自然、顺畅。

2.表明求职心意

介绍完信息来源，应向收信人表明自己写信的目的。

3.介绍个人简历并表明自己的优势

此部分应详写，主要包括：出生日期、性别、教育程度、工作经验、特殊技能等。在介绍情况时，应对自己最适合所申请的工作的那些方面进行详细介绍。

4.表示感谢并请求答复

常用句式

开头语：

1.I learned from your advertisement that you are in need of a... 2.Having known that your office needs a...I would like to apply for the post. 3.I’m interested in the post which you advertised in yesterday’s China

Daily. 4.I’m looking for a job as a...and would be grateful if you would consider me for such a post in your firm. 自我介绍：

1.I’m good at.../I do well in.../I master...well... 2.I have a good knowledge of.../I have the ability to... 3.I’ll get on very well with my fellow workers. 4.Once I’m hired，I’ll devote myself to the cause of the... 工作经历：

1.I once worked as a...for two years. 2.I was working as a...during the period of... 3.In 2000 I worked... 4.I’ve had the experience of... 5.I’ve been...since... 能力：

1.I have learned English for 8 years.I am very good at English，so I have been an editor of my school’s English Paper in the past two years. 2.I’m an excellent student，among the top 5 in my class of 50 students.My grades are among the best ones in my department. 3.I enjoy working with people.I’m young and healthy，delightful and helpful.I can speak standard Chinese and I’m good at English.I once won the first prize of English competition in our college.I’m very interested in traveling and know many places of interest in China. 4.I am familiar with computer operation and office softwares... 结尾：

1.If I could have the opportunity to get the job I will be quite appreciative. 2.Thank you for your consideration.I look forward to hearing from you. 3.I think I’m suitable for the job.If you can let me have this chance，I will try my best to do it well. 4.I will appreciate it very much if you would give me the opportunity.Thank you for your consideration. 写作模板

Dear Sir or Madam，

I write this letter to apply for the position that you have advertised in

(报纸名称) of

(广告发布时间). Not only do I have the qualifications for this job，but I also have the right personality for a

(工作名称).On the one hand，

(第一个原因).On the other hand，

(另一个原因). Should you grant me a personal interview，I would be most grateful.If you need to know more about me，please feel free to contact me at any time at

(电话号码). Thank you for considering my application，and I am looking forward to meeting you. Yours sincerely，

Li Ming 典例展示

假如你是李华，25岁，山东大学英语系毕业，英语口语好。当过3年英语导游，对英文秘书工作有兴趣。你看到报纸上某公司招聘英文秘书的广告，于是想去该公司应聘，请根据个人情况写一封100词左右的求职信。

写作内容：

1.说明自己的情况：姓名、年龄、学历、特长、工作经验以及兴趣爱好等；

2.看到报纸上的广告，很想应聘英文秘书；

3.表示自己的诚意。

完成范文

Dear Sir/Madam，

After I read your ad in the newspaper 1.Having read your ad in the newspaper(用非谓语动词改写句子)，I hope to get the job as an English secretary in your company. My name is Li Hua，a healthy girl of 25 and I am 1.7 meters tall.I

2.graduated from(毕业于) the English Department of Shandong University three years ago.I can speak fluently English and can write in English as well as read all kinds of articles in English

3.fluently→fluent(改错).What’s more，skillful in operating Word on computers，I can type 100 words per minute.As I have three years’

guide experience

4.With three years’

guide experience(同义句替换) in a travel corporation，I could make myself generally useful，if there should be any opportunity of your requiring my services. I want very well to be accepted by your company 5.well→much(改错).I’ll work hard for your company.Please reply if I suit you. Thank you for your attention. Yours，

Li Hua

Ⅰ.用所给动词的正确形式填空

1.My father is talking with a man called(call) Smith. 2.The trees blown(blow) down in the storm have been moved off the road. 3.She got her fingers caught(catch) in the door. 4.The city is surrounded(surround) by mountains. 5.The boy looked up with a pleased(please) expression. Ⅱ.完成句子

6.You’d better drink some boiled water before dinner. 餐前最好喝点开水。

7.He was lying on the ground with his hands crossed under his head. 他躺在地上，双手交叉放在头下面。

8.The play put on by the teachers was a big success. 老师们表演的戏很成功。

9.Gone are the days when we were looked down upon! 我们被人瞧不起的日子一去不复返了！

10.They all looked surprised at the final result. 对于最后的结果他们看上去很惊讶。

Ⅲ.阅读理解

A

Have you ever dreamed of visiting a planet in the Milky Way(银河系)? While the trip sounds exciting，it would take years and years to reach your destination.So in the future，bedtime for astronauts may be more than a few hours of regular shut eyes.They would have to sleep for years. European researchers are now conducting hibernation(冬眠) experiments.The study may help them understand whether humans could ever sleep through the years it would take for a spaceflight to distant planets.“If there was an effective technology，it could make deep space travel a reality，” said Mark Ayre of the European Space Agency last month. What seems like a science fiction is not completely unlikely.Researchers have been able to use chemicals to put living cells into a sleep-like state where they don’t age.They have now moved on to the small，non-hibernating mammals(哺乳动物) like rats. A major challenge is the fact that cells can be very simple systems，whereas body organs are far more complex.“It’s like moving from a simple Apple computer to a supercomputer，” said Marco Biggiogera，a hibernation researcher at Italy’s University of Pavia.Just like bears and frogs，the hibernation of human beings would cause a person’s metabolism(新陈代谢) to lower so

they would need less energy. Medical research，however，is just half of a spaceflight hibernation system.There is a challenge of designing a suitable protective shelter.Such a shelter would provide the proper environment for hibernation，such as the proper temperature.It would also have to monitor life functions and serve the physiological needs of the hibernator. According to Ayre，the six person Human Outer Planets Exploration Mission(使命) to Jupiter’s moon(木星的卫星) Callisto，could be an opportunity to use human hibernation.The mission aims to send six persons on a five year flight to Callisto，where they will spend 30 days，in 2045. 11.According to the article，the hibernation research

. A.has made some progress B.is always a science fiction C.has already finished successfully D.is just an idea 答案

A 解析

推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Researchers have been able to use chemicals to put living cells into a sleep-like state where they don’t age.They have now moved on to the small，non-hibernating mammals(哺乳动物) like rats.”可知，这方面的研究已经取得了一些进展。

12.In a hibernating state，a person needs

. A.less sleep

C.more movement

答案

D 解析

细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“Just like bears and frogs，the hibernation of human beings would cause a person’s metabolism(新陈代谢) to lower so they would need less energy.”可知选D。

13.What is the best title of the article? A.Welcome to Our Space Travel B.Hibernation Study for Space Travel C.To Hibernate，to Live Longer D.Welcome to the Milky Way 答案

B 解析

标题归纳题。本文在第一段点出主题：太空旅行中的冬眠研究，然后进行了具体介绍。故选B。

B

Interested in Childcare？

B.more food D.less energy

Qualified person or preschool teacher needed for busy childcare center，south of the river.Full-time work guaranteed.Immediate start necessary.The candidate must be able to work as a co-operative team member.Phone 6345 2345 for an interview and fax resume to 6345 2345. We Need Office Cleaners！

Three people are required for professional cleaning in the CBD area.Working hours from 5：00 pm on Mondays，Wednesdays & Fridays for each one.Approximately five hours per shift(轮班).A good record is necessary.Experience preferred.Phone 6345 7843 now. Want to Work As a Dental Nurse？

This is an exciting opportunity for a qualified dental nurse with a confident and cheerful personality to work in the School Dental Health Scheme.You must be able to get along well with children because work involves talking to groups about dental health practices.For further information，visit our website at schooldentalservices @ gov.sg.And fax your resume to 6234 4567. Florist Wanted！

Are you a creative and trained florist with at least two years of experience？Then this may be just what you are seeking.The city’s leading Florist Artist Studio needs another part-time member on their wedding team.Please phone 6098 7888 now！

14.You may find the above advertisements

. A.in a store window B.in a school magazine C.in a newspaper

D.on a company notice-board 答案

C 解析

推理判断题。根据选项和题干内容可知这些招聘广告刊登仅有选项C合适。

15.The position of a(n)

is a part-time job. A.florist

C.preschool teacher

答案

A 解析

细节理解题。在广告Florist Wanted！提到了part-time，可知此份工作可以兼职。

16.Which of the following is the most important for the childcare job? A.Cooking skills. B.The ability to work well with other people. C.Childcare experience. D.The ability to start work in two weeks. 答案

B 解析

细节理解题。根据第一则广告提到的“The candidate must be able to work as a B.artist D.dental nurse

co-operative team member.”可知答案。

17.An office cleaner will be required to work about

hours a week. A.5

B.10

C.15

D.45 答案

C 解析

细节理解题。根据广告We Need Office Cleaners！的介绍中的“招三位清洁人员，每人每周工作3天，每次5个小时的轮班”可知一周共计工作15个小时。

Ⅳ.语法填空

Suddenly all the lights on that crowded underground train went out.Then it stopped in that dark tunnel.We waited.We expected the lights 18.to come(come) on again.19.But nothing happened. Then I began to smell something.People around me then began to cry out 20.in fear.“The train is on fire！” they cried.The woman 21.standing(stand) next to me suddenly fell on the floor.I realized she 22.was overcome(overcome) by the smoke.Then I saw flames 23.appearing(appear).“If something does not happen soon，” I said to myself，“I 24.will be burnt(burn) alive！” But as I stood there in the dark in that crowded burning train，I could see no way 25.to escape(escape).So I cried，“God，if it is not my time to die，please help me！” I heard a noise.It was on my right side.I at once began to push my way forward to where that noise came from.For two hours I kept 26.walking(walk) in that dark train tunnel.At last I saw 27.a light in the distance.“Thank God！” I cried.“God must have a purpose for saving my life.He must want me to help other people experience what he could do for them.” I decided. Ⅴ.短文改错

This morning，I was sitting on the bus to school with my heavy schoolbag as usually.My seat was the closer one to the bus door.In the midway，an old man got off the bus with a stick in his left hand.Looking around and realizing that there was no vacant seat on the bus，he stood up immediately and asked him to taking my seat.He remarked that I was so a good boy.I felt extremely happy and satisfying.In order to show his thanks，he was offered to hold my heavy schoolbag for me.It occurred me that helping others were a happy ending. 答案

This morning，I was sitting on the bus to school with my heavy schoolbag as was the usually.My seat usualcloseroff

one to the bus door.In the midway，an old man got

the bus with a stick in his closestonheleft hand.Looking around and realizing that there was no vacant seat on the bus，

stood up Iimmediately and asked him to takingso

my seat.He remarked that I was

a good boy.I felt takesuch

extremely happy and satisfying.In order to show his thanks，he was offered to hold my heavy satisfiedwere∧schoolbag for me.It occurred to

me that helping others

a happy ending. wasⅥ.书面表达

假设你是新华中学的学生李华，得知某英文报招聘兼职记者，你有意应聘，请按下列要点给报社写一封自荐信。写作要点：

1.表示感兴趣；

2.说明优势：知识面、英语水平、合作精神、相关经历；

3.希望得到回复。

注意：1.词数100 左右；

2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；

3.可适当增加细节以使行文连贯。

Dear Sir or Madam，

Yours，

Li Hua 参考范文

Dear Sir or Madam，

I’m a student from Xinhua Middle School.I’m glad to learn that you want a few part-time English reporters.I’m quite interested in it. I think I’m fit for the job.As a student，I’ve read a lot and have much knowledge in many fields.I’m fond of English and do well in both speaking and writing.Besides，I’m easy to get along with and enjoy working together with others.Above all，I once worked as a reporter for my school broadcasting station.So I’m sure I can do the job well if I get the position. I’m looking forward to your reply. Yours，

Li Hua