Grammar and usage(1): Modal verbs: general introduction教学实录及点评

江苏省淮安中学2014级高一Ⅱ部英语学科导学案

M4U2 Grammar

编制：陈正花审核：第一组

Module 4

Unit2 Sports events 【课时内容】Grammar and usage

【学习目标】

1. To develop the students’ ability of using the grammar rules to make correct sentences.

2. To use the compound sentences introduced by neither…nor…, either…or…, not only…but also…

3. To help the students to grasp the rules of subject-verb agreement and the object complement. 【学法导航】

考生在复习情态动词和虚拟语气时要注意如下几点：

1.掌握情态动词的基本用法；

2.正确辨析相近意义的情态动词. 3.把握常用情态动词句式；

【课前预习】

Read the Student’s Book (page 28-31)三维设计p44-48 【课堂学习】

情态动词

情态动词有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。

情态动词无人称和数的变化；不能单独使用，必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语。

一、

can, could

1) 表示能力（体力、知识、技能）。

Can you lift this heavy box?（体力）

Mary can speak three languages.（知识）

Can you skate?（技能）

此时可用be able to代替。Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式；而be able to则有更多的时态。

I’ll not be able to come this afternoon.

当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to，不能用Can。如：

He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.

2) 表示请求和允许。

-----Can I go now?

----- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.

此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could, might代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答语中。

---- Could I come to see you tomorrow?

---- Yes, you can. ( No, I’m afraid not. )

3) 表示客观可能性（客观原因形成的能力）。表示“有时也会”。

Our English teacher is usually strict with us, but sometimes she can be very kind.

A cigarette end can smoke a forest fire.

4) 表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度），用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。

Can this be true?

This can’t be done by him.

How can this be true? 5）固定搭配

can’t help doing

can’t help but do sth.

can’t be too adj.或者can’t be adj. enough

或者can’t +v+too+adv.或者can’t+v+adv enough

二、

may, might

1) 表示请求和允许。might比

may语气更委婉，而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can’t或mustn’t，表示“不可以，禁止”。

----Might/ May I smoke in this room?

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江苏省淮安中学2014级高一Ⅱ部英语学科导学案

M4U2 Grammar

编制：陈正花审核：第一组

---- No, you mustn’t.

---- May/Might I take this book out of the room?

---- Yes, you can. (No, you can’t / mustn’t. )

用May I...？征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用Can I...？在口语中更常见。

2）用于祈使句，表示祝愿。

May you succeed!

3) 表示推测、可能性（不用于疑问句）。

might不是过去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。

1．He may /might be very busy now. 2．Your mother may /might not know the truth. 4)固定搭配

may/might as well

三、

must, have to

1) 表示必须、必要。

You must come in time.

在回答引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用mustn’t（禁止，不准），而用needn’t, don’t have to（不必）.

---- Must we hand in our exercise books today?

---- Yes, you must.

---- No, you don’t have to / you needn’t.

must是说话人的主观看法，

而have to则强调客观需要。Must只有一般现在时，

have to 有更多的时态形式。

1．

He play isn’t interesting, I really must go now.

2．

I had to work when I was your age.

2) 表示推测、可能性（只用于肯定的陈述句）

1．

You’re Tom’s good friend, so you must know what he likes best.

2．

Your mother must be waiting for you now. 3) 表示“非要”“偏要”“偏偏”

----- Can I smoke here?

------ If you must, please go to the back of the room.

Why must it rain on Sunday?

四、

dare, need

1) dare作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中, 过去式形式为dared。

1．

How dare you say I’m unfair?

2．

He daren’t speak English before such a crowd, dare he?

3．

If we dared not go there that day，

we couldn’t get the beautiful flowers.

2) need 作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代替。

1．You needn’t come so early.

2. ---- Need I finish the work today?

---- Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t.

3) dare和

need作实义动词用时，

有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中，dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。

1. I dare to swim across this river.

2. He doesn’t dare (to) answer.

3. He needs to finish his homework today.

五、

shall,

1) shall 用于第一和第三人称，征求对方的意见。

What shall we do this evening? Shall he come in now?

2) shall 用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。

1. You shall fail if you don’t work hard.(警告)

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江苏省淮安中学2014级高一Ⅱ部英语学科导学案

M4U2 Grammar

编制：陈正花审核：第一组

2. He shall have the book when I finish it.(允诺) 3. He shall be punished.(威胁) 3)表示按照法律法规，合同，条约，各种集体规定的“应该”“必须”. The school rules require that all the students shall wear their school uniform.

六、

will, would

1) 表示请求、建议等，would更委婉。用于第二人称。

Will / Would you pass me the ball, please?

2) 表示意志、愿望和决心。

1. I will never do that again.

2. They asked him if he would go abroad.

3) would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表示过去习惯时比used to正式，且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。

1. During the vacation, he would visit me every other day.

2. The wound would not heal.

4) 表示估计和猜想。

It would be about ten o’clock when she left home.

七、

should, ought to

1) should, ought to表示“应该”，ought to表示义务或责任，比should语气重。

1. I should help her because she is in trouble.

2. You ought to take care of the baby.

2) 表示劝告、建议和命令。should, ought to可通用，但在疑问句中常用should。

1. You should / ought to go to class right away.

2. Should I open the window?

3) 表示推测

should , ought to (客观推测), must(主观推测)。

1.He must be home by now. (断定他已到家)

2.He ought to/should be home by now.(不太肯定)

3. This is where the oil must be.(直爽) 4. This is where the oil ought to/should be.(含蓄) 4）should在虚拟语气中表示惊讶，意思为“竟然”。

You should wear slippers (拖鞋)in class! An old man like him should wear red clothes!

八、

情态动词+不定式完成式（have done）

1) can / could + have done在肯定句中表示“本来可以做而实际上能做某事”，是虚拟语气；在疑问句或否定句中表示对过去行为的怀疑或不肯定, 表示推测。

1. You could have done better, but you didn’t try your best. （虚拟语气）

2. He can’t have been to that town.（推测）

3. Can he have got the book?（推测）

2) may / might +不定式完成式（have done）

表示对过去行为的推测。不能用于疑问句中，没有虚拟语气的用法。Might所表示的可能性比may小。

1. He may not have finished the work .

2. If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier.

3）must +不定式完成式（have done）

用于肯定句中，表示对过去行为的推测。意为“一定、想必”。其疑问、否定形式用can，can’t代替。参看1) can / could + have done表示推测。

1. You must have seen the film Titanic.

2. He must have been to Shanghai.

4）should +不定式完成式（have done）

用于肯定句中，表示对过去行为的推测。

He should have finished the work by now。

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江苏省淮安中学2014级高一Ⅱ部英语学科导学案

M4U2 Grammar

编制：陈正花审核：第一组

表示“本应该做而实际上没有做某事”，其否定式表示某种行为本不该发生却发生了。可以与ought to +不定式完成式（have done）互换。

1. You ought to / should have helped him. (but you didn’t.)

2. She shouldn’t have taken away my measuring tape, for I wanted to use it.

5) needn’t +不定式完成式（have done）

表示“本来不必做而实际上做了某事”。

You needn’t have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.

6) will +不定式完成式（have done）

主要用于第二、三人称，表示对已完成的动作或事态的推测。

He will have arrived by now

《及时训练》

1.Jack described his father, who _______a brave boy many years ago, as a strong–willed man A. would be

B. would have been

C. must be

D. must have been

2.You

buy a gift, but you can if you want to. A. must

B. mustn't

C. have to

D. don't have to 3.I have told you the truth. ______ I keep repeating it? A Must

B Can

C May

D Will 4. I_______ have watched that movie —it’ll give me horrible dreams.

A. shouldn’t

B. needn’t

C. couldn’t

D. mustn’t

5. Mark

have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early. A. needn’t

B. wouldn’t

C. mustn’t

D. couldn’t

6. Just be patient .You ______ expect the world to change so soon . A. can’t

B. needn’t

C. may not

D. whether

7.—I haven’t got the reference book yet, but I’ll have a test on the subject next month.

—Don’t worry. You______ have it by Friday.

A. could

B. shall

C. must

D. may

w_ 8. May I take this book out of the reading room?

No, you

. You read it in here.

A. mightn’t

B. won’t

C. needn’t

D. mustn’t

9..I’m afraid Mr. Harding _________see you now. He’s busy.

A. can’t

B. mustn’t

C. shouldn’t

D .needn’t

10. ---Good morning. I've got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department.

--Ah, good morning. You

be Mrs. Peters.

A. might

B. must

C. would

D. can 11. Some people who don’t like to talk much are not necessarily shy；they

just be quiet people. A. must

B. may

C. should

D. would 12. What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? There

be twelve A. should

B. would

C. will

D. shall 13.It_____ have been Tom that parked the car here, as he is the only one with a car. A. may

B. can

C. must

D. should 14. —----I don’t care what people think.

—----Well, you _______ A. could

B. would

C. should

D. might 15. —-----Hi, Tom. Any idea where Jane is?

—----She_____ in the classroom. I saw her there just now. A. shall be B. should have been

C. must be

D. might have been 16. He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he it differently. A. could express B. would express

C. could have expressed D. must have expressed 17.-----You_______ him that question before so many people.

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江苏省淮安中学2014级高一Ⅱ部英语学科导学案

M4U2 Grammar

编制：陈正花审核：第一组

-----Oh, I really feel sorry.

A. shouldn't have asked

B. couldn't have asked

C. shouldn't ask

D. couldn't ask 18.He paid for a seat, when he ______ have entered free.

A. could

B. would

C. must

D. need 19. —

I've taken someone else's green sweater by mistake.

—

It ______ Harry's. He always wears green.

A. has to be

B. will be

C. mustn't be

D. could be 20----- Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere.

------ Well . He

have gone far—

his coat’s still here.

A. shouldn’t

B. mustn’t

C. can’t

D. wouldn’t

21. If I

plan to do anything I wanted to, I’d like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible.

A. would B. could C. had to D. ought to

22 —

Lucy doesn’t mind lending you her dictionary.

—

She ______ . I've already borrowed one.

A. can't

B. mustn't

C. needn't

D. shouldn't 23 — Tom is never late for work. Why is he absent today?

— Something ________ to him.

A. must happen

B. should have happened

C. could have happened D. must have happened 24. John, look at the time. ___________ you play the piano at such a late hour?

A. Must B. Can C. May D. Need 25. Tom, you

leave all your clothes on the floor like this !

A. wouldn’t

B. mustn’t

C. needn’t

D. may not

26. There _________ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school. A. mustn’t

B. shan’t

C. shouldn’t

D. needn’t

27. The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it _________be very slow.

A. should B. must

C. will

D. can 28. I was on the highway when this car west past followed by a police car. They ____ at least 150 kilometers an hour.

A. should have been doing

B. must have been doing

C. could have done

D. would have done 29. I _______have been more than six years old when the accident happened.

A. shouldn't

B. couldn't

C. mustn't

D. needn't 30. Helen ______ go on the trip with us, but she isn’t quite sure yet.

A. shall

B. must

C. may

D. can 31.This cake is very sweet. You __________ a lot of sugar in it.

A. should put B. could have put C. might put D. must have put 32.—

The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned. —

Oh, dear! She _______ a lot of difficulties! A. may go through

B. might go through C. ought to have gone through

D. must have gone through 33. Helen _________ go on the trip with us, but she isn’t quite sure yet.

A. shall

B. must

C. may

D. can 34.—Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you. —Thanks. You _________it. I could manage it myself.

A. needn’t do

B. needn’t have done

5

江苏省淮安中学2014级高一Ⅱ部英语学科导学案

M4U2 Grammar

编制：陈正花审核：第一组

C. mustn’t do

D. shouldn’t have done

35. This cake is very sweet. You _________ a lot of sugar in it. A. should put

B. could have put C. might put

D. must have put 36. —Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere.

—Well. He _________have gone far—his coat’s still here.

A. shouldn’t

B. mustn’t

C. can’t

D. wouldn’t

37. Zhang Lin was addicted to computer games during his last year in high school , otherwise he____________a student of Beijing University . A．would have been

B．should be

C．has been

D．had been

38. You ________ pay too much attention to your assignment, for it is that important. A. must

B. needn’t

C. cannot

D. need

39. After hours of repair, the driver tried to start the machine but it __________ work. A. won’t

B. shouldn’t

C. wouldn’t

D. couldn’t

40. My MP4 player isn’t in my bag. Where

I have put it?

A.can

B.must

C.should

D.would 41. The biggest problem for most plants, which ________ just get up and run away when threatened, is that animals like to eat them.

A. shan’t

B. can’t

C. needn’t

D. mustn’t

42. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area

.

A.need repairing

B.needs to repair

C.needs repairing

D.need to repair 43. 一What does the sign over there read? 一“No person ________ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette，cigar or pipe in this area．”

A．will

B．may

C．shall

D. must 44. Liza ___ well not want to go on the trip --- she hates traveling. A. will

B. can

C. must

D. may 45. When I was young, I was told that I ______ play with matches A. wouldn’t

B. needn’t

C. mustn’t

D. daren’t

46. Peter ______ be really difficult at times even though he’s a nice person in general. A. shall

B. should

C. can

D. must 47. —I’m sorry. I ___at you the other day.—Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself. A. shouldn’t shout

B. shouldn’t have shouted

C. mustn’t shout’t

D. mustn’t have shouted

48. You don’t have to know the name of the author to find a book. You ___ find the book by the title.

A.must

B. need

C. can

D. would

49. ---I can’t find my purse anywhere. ---You

have lost it while shopping.

A. may

B. can

C.

should

D. would 50. He ________ you around our company for himself but for the fact that he was busy then. A．might have shown

B．might show

C．must have shown

D．must show 51. when Harry was at college, he ________ go to the reading room after supper every day. A．should

B．might

C．would

D．could 52.—The research on the new flu virus vaccine is challenging and demanding. Who do you think can do the job? —________ my students have a try? A．May

B．Must

C．Will

D．Shall 53. Mr White ________ at 8：30 for the meeting, bu he didn't show up. A．should have had arrived

B．should arrive C．should be arriving

D．should have arrived 54.—Who told you my email address? —I don't remember clearly. It ________ Karen. A．may have been

B．must have been

C．should have been

D．could have been

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