Learning about Language第二课时教学实录

语法情景教学：虚拟语气应用于写作

汕头市澄海苏北中学

黄耿春

主题语境：

人与自然—交通事故及安全常识

语篇类型：

交通事故描述，包括相关人物对话，肇事司机书面陈述，微信信息，书信等。

教学内容分析：

本课例是人教版选修十

Unit 4 Learning efficiently语言学习部分。教学内容是复习虚拟语气，涉及要点有：if引起的非真实条件句及其特殊句式；以I wish引导的宾语从句；as if引导的非真实状语从句及表语从句；It’s high time+从句表示婉转的建议；与“建议、要求、命令、坚持”有关的名词性从句等。

结合本单元的语言功能项目“建议”及写作任务“建议信”，本节课对教学内容进行重新整合，学生借助课前导学案，对虚拟语气的各种句式做一个比较系统的回顾、整理，在课堂上，通过对虚拟语气的复习，引导学生将所掌握到的语法知识运用于“建议信”的写作中。

学情分析：

作为农村中学的学生，本身英语基础比较薄弱，词汇量不足，相当部分学生欠缺独立阅读的能力，写作表达能力尚待提高。但是，他们都有学好英语的欲望，思维较为活跃，能用英语简单表达自己的观点或陈述事件，上课能够积极配合互动。学生在选修六已经系统学习了虚拟语气的各种句式，平时课堂上能够认出虚拟句式，简单使用虚拟语气表达情感。但是，受认知水平所限，学生在实际使用语言结构的时候，缺乏语境意识，还不能真正地将虚拟语气的各种句式适当地运用于写作表达之中。

教学设计思路：

根据学生的实际学情和教材内容，结合《课程标准》的精神，为本节课的教学活动创设真实具体的情景。以“一宗交通事故”为主线索，设计5个活动任务，分别为“目击事故发生并参与救援”；“肇事司机的书面陈述”；“受伤司机的感谢信息”；“学生对事故的讨论”；

“写信表达对交通安全的重视”。前三个任务分别以单句填空及句式转换、短文填空、短文改错的语言训练形式，引导学生在参与活动的过程中复习应用虚拟语气的各种句式，检测课前自主学习的情况。语言活动的设置从句到篇，层层推进。第四个任务组织分组讨论并分享看法，为第五个任务的书面表达作好铺垫。在有针对性的任务活动设计中，通过语法项目虚拟语气的学习进行语言信息获取，并将所获得的信息进行语言输出，促进写作能力的提升，帮助学生克服对写作的畏惧心理，增强学好英语的信心。同时，除了利用教学内容输入相关的话题、有用的句型之外，还引导学生对活动的立意、文化意识进行思考，在参与活动中增强交通安全意识。

1 / 9

教学目标：

通过本节课的学习，学生能够：

1、正确判断并掌握虚拟语气的各种句式。

2、通过探究和合作学习，在语篇和情景中正确理解并运用虚拟语气，学会归纳总结知识点。

3、使用虚拟语气的各种句式对“交通安全”进行思辨性讨论，并表达个人观点，增强交通安全意识。

4、以对“交通安全”的看法和建议为情景依据，完成设定的语篇表达任务。

教学重难点：

本节课的教学重点是引导学生基于语篇和情景，理解并正确使用虚拟语气的各种句式。教学难点是在语言的输出活动中如何合适、有效地运用所掌握的虚拟句式。

教学活动过程及活动设计意图：

Step I. Lead-in Have a free talk with the class and introduce the story, the traffic accident. T: I feel upset and tired this morning. Do you know why? S: No, could you please tell me what happened? T: (Show some pictures) OK, I will tell you the story. Last night, I went to pick up my friend Peter, a doctor working in the People’s Hospital. On our way home, we witnessed a terrible traffic accident and got involved in the rescue. If only I could have a good sleep now. 设计意图：课堂一开始以Free talk的方式引入本节课的主题，“一宗交通事故”。激发学生探究的欲望，为课堂活动任务的顺利开展做好铺垫。

Step II. Task 1 A traffic accident happened and the rescue 情景设定：朋友Peter是人民医院的医生，昨晚加班抢救一个在交通事故中受伤的病人。因为很累而且太晚，我开车去接他回家。在回来的路上，目睹了一宗事故，小车超速撞上了迎面而来的大货车。我和朋友Peter停车救援并报警。

活动形式：师生问答，自主学习，个别回答

训练形式：单句填空，句式变换

语言结构：虚拟条件句的理解运用。( If…, without, but for, otherwise )

活动内容：

1. Go on with the story and present the following sentences to the class. Ask them the use the correct form of verbs to finish the sentence. Summarize the sentence patterns and point out what they have to pay attention to.

2 / 9

单句填空：

1) If Peter ________ (not be) so tired out, I would not have picked him up last night. 2) Peter had to work overtime on an operation; otherwise, he ________ (come) back home earlier. 3) If the woman ________ (not run) the red light when she crossed the street, she would not have to lie at hospital now. 4) “If it ________ (be) not on a dark night, I ________ (drive) my car faster.” I said to Peter when we were driving on 324 State Line Road last night. 5) “If it ________ (rain)on this dark night, more accidents ________ (happen).” answered Peter.

参考答案：

1) had not been

2) would have come

3) had not run 4) were; would drive

5) were to rain / should rain; would happen 2. Transform the sentence patterns while the story is going on. T: As we were chatting, I noticed a car following us. It was travelling very fast. Suddenly it overtook my car.

(句式转换1)

The driver of the car was in a hurry. He did not see the approaching truck on the opposite and cannot avoid hitting it.

= If the driver of the car had not been in a hurry, he would have seen the approaching truck on the opposite and avoided hitting it.

T: The driver was badly injured. I quickly stopped my car by the side of the road.

(句式转换2)

Peter got out of the car to help the injured driver. The man was treated immediately. = Without Peter, the injured driver would not have been treated immediately. T: The truck driver also stopped to help and telephone the police. About twenty-five minutes later, a police car and an ambulance arrived. The poor guy was carried into the ambulance and taken to hospital.

设计意图：以单句填空及句式转换的形式归纳复习虚拟条件句的各个句式。通过图片推进情景的发展，逐一呈现虚拟条件句的各个句式，检测课前自主学习情况，引导学生探究，总结语言结构的特征，为写作任务打好基础。

3 / 9

Step III. Task 2 A written report from the truck driver 情景设定：警察到达后帮忙救援工作并询问事故发生经过，要求货车司机做书面陈述。

活动形式：小组探究，个别展示

训练形式：短文填空

语言结构：

as if 句型；It’s high time that…; 名词性从句（建议、要求、命令、坚持）；对比（suggest 建议、表明）（insist 坚持、强调说）

活动内容：

1. Present the situation of this part, the truck driver had to make a written statement. Ask the students to fill the blanks with the correct form of the word in the bracket. T: The police wanted to get more details of the accident, so they demanded that the truck driver should make a written statement. Please try to help him finish it. 2. Two students show their answers to the class by using the document cameras and explain their reason for the answers. 3. The teacher points out what they should pay attention to. 短文填空：

It was at eleven o’clock tonight. I had just unloaded all the goods and was driving back home. I felt extremely exhausted as if my body ____1____ (fall) apart. My boss suggested that I ____2____ (have) a rest at the dorm of the factory. However, I insisted that I ____3____ (leave) without delay because my son was ill, and that I ____4____ (have) a nap this afternoon. I was driving carefully on the road because it was dark. Something suggested that there ____5____ (be) a storm tonight. Suddenly, a car was rushing from the opposite as if an arrow ____6____ (go) off. I gave a warning flash and slowed down. Unluckily, the driver paid no attention and the accident happened. I stopped immediately and helped to get him out. I noticed that a mobile phone was still in his hand, saying something. An order is needed that drivers ____7____ (forbid) to use phones while driving. It's high time that the government ____8____ (make) the public realize the importance of careful driving. 参考答案：

1) had fallen

2) should have

3) should leave

4) had have

5) would be

6) had gone

7) should be forbidden

8) made / should make 设计意图：引导学生在小组合作探究的基础上完成短文填空，并以个别展示的形式，鼓励学生自主归纳短文中所出现的虚拟句式，培养自主学习能力。在活动中要注意引导学生观察对比insist和suggest两个词汇什么时候使用虚拟句式，什么时候应该用陈述语气。同时，短文中所设定的情景必定也能引发学生对道路安全的思考。

4 / 9

Step IV. Task 3 A WeChat message from the injured driver 情景设定：今天早上，我收到小车司机发来的微信信息，对我和Peter的帮助表示感谢，并表示以后开车一定会注意交通安全，因为受伤未愈，措辞表达有误，请找出错误的地方并改正。

活动形式：小组合作探究，个别展示

训练形式：短文改错

语言结构：wish that从句；If only句式；would rather that…；

It is important / necessary that…(should) do…

活动内容：

1. Present the task, then ask the students to find out the mistakes from the WeChat message and correct them. They can work in groups. T：After the rescue work, I had to send Peter back to hospital, following the ambulance, because the car driver was badly injured. I stayed there to help and accompany the car driver until he got out of danger. This morning, on arriving at the school, I received a WeChat message from the poor guy. As he is still in great pain, he makes some mistakes in the message, can you find them out? 2. Ask a group of students to correct the mistakes by using the document cameras. 3. Help them to summarize the sentence patterns of subjunctive mood in this part.

短文改错：

1Without your immediate rescue Mr. Huang, I’m grateful to you and your friend, the doctor. ○and kind help, I may have got killed in the terrible accident. I hurried to the airport to pick up a 2How I wished I started a bit earlier this evening. ○3If only I was not friend from Shanghai. ○4Therefore, I will have noticed the answered the phone from my boss on the way to the airport. ○approaching truck on the opposite. I regret for my stupid behavior. Actually, my wife had reminded me of the danger on roads because it was too late at night and the weather turned worse 5I would rather I have taken her advice. Luckily, I came back to life. This is a lesson in my then. ○6It is important that everyone must focus on the traffic. ○7Besides, it is necessary that one life. ○stops his car by the road if he has to answer the phone. Thanks again. 参考答案：

1may改为might;

○2

started前加had;

○3was改为had

○4will改为would; ○5have改为had;

○6must改为should;

○7stops改为stop ○设计意图：短文改错是写作的一部分，通过这个活动，让学生能够在语篇中加深对虚拟句式的理解，借助小组合作学习的方式，在短文中复习所出现的句式，明确语篇语境对于语言运用的

5 / 9

重要性。同时，在情景的感知中理解受伤司机的后悔心情，加深对交通安全的认识。

Step V. Task 4 A discussion about the accident 情景设定：结合Mr. Huang昨天晚上的经历，分组讨论当前的交通状况及引发交通事故的原因，并对此提出一些建议。

活动形式：分组讨论并个别分享各自的看法。

语言结构：综合运用各种虚拟句型

活动内容：

1. Divide the class into groups (six in a group), then guide the students to have a discussion about the present situation of the traffic and the reasons for these accidents, what measures we should take. The teacher goes around the class, listens to students and gives them advice if possible.

T：Nowadays, traffic accidents which cause a lot of injuries and deaths happen frequently. I feel sorry for that. When we are driving or walking on road, there are hidden dangers everywhere. It seems as if the God of Death were sitting beside us when we pay no attention to problems of safety. (show a picture) Now, I want you to work in groups and have a discussion over the reasons for so many road accidents and what measures we should take to reduce such tragedies. When you discuss these issues with your partners, it is demanded that you should express your opinions with the subjunctive mood patterns. 2. Display a short video and ask the students to share their opinions about reasons for road accidents and some safety measures. T: Who would volunteer to share your opinions?

设计意图：分组讨论并个别分享各自的看法，在活动中综合运用虚拟语气的各种句式，为下一任务书面表达作好铺垫。同时，在活动过程中，引导学生对主题语境的进一步理解，在活动中加深情感文化教育，让学生明白，交通安全人人有责

Step VI. Task 5 Writing a letter 情景设定：目睹了昨天晚上的交通事故，决定通过学校报社给全体同学写一封信，引起大家对道路安全的重视。

活动形式：学生形成书面表达，教师展示学生习作并点评

语言结构：综合运用各种虚拟句型

活动内容：

1. Introduce the writing task and ask them to write a letter with the information they have got from the

6 / 9

above activity.

2. Show two letters to the class and correct some mistakes if possible.

书面表达：

假如你是Mr. Huang，目睹了昨天晚上的交通事故，你决定通过学校报社给学生们写一封信，以引起大家对道路安全问题的重视。

内容包括：

1、当前交通状况及交通事故发生的原因；

2、提出建议，呼吁人们自觉遵守交通规则，重视交通安全。

3、征集有关交通事故的图片或视频，做为交通安全教育的素材。

注意：

1、词数120左右，信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；

2、可适当增加细节，以使内容完整充实，行文连贯，并注意正确运用虚拟语气的相关句式。

Dear Students,

I’m writing to tell you my opinions about the frequent traffic accidents, which have become severe problems. There are some reasons for this issue.

____________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely，

Mr. Huang

One possible version Dear Students,

I’m writing to tell you my opinions about the frequent traffic accidents, which have become severe problems. There are some reasons for this issue. As far as I’m concerned, without the mass production of all forms of automobiles, there would be less traffic accidents on roads today. Besides, some citizens drive after drinking alcohol and react as if they were headless flies. Moreover, quite a number of young people enjoy driving at a high speed or driving while using their mobile phones, without which injuries and deaths would become less. Therefore, I strongly wish that more strict measures had been taken to avoid such traffic accidents. For example, it is highly recommended that truck drivers should not be forced to drive with little rest to gain more profit. What’s more, it is important that everyone should be warned of the danger on the road and obey traffic rules in their daily life. I would appreciate it if you could provide me with some pictures or videos about road accidents for safety education. Yours sincerely，

Mr. Huang

设计意图：写作是检验学生对所学语言项目的掌握程度的最好方法，因此，在前面几个活动的基础上，通过创设情景，让学生综合运用已经学习的虚拟语气相关句式，写一封建议信，在活

7 / 9

动的过程当中，对所要表述的主题提出自己的见解，提升写作表达能力，培养运用所学知识来解决问题的能力。

Step VII. Homework 1、修改书面表达练习，巩固虚拟语气句型；

2、每人收集3幅交通安全方面的图片，用虚拟句式为每幅图片配上说明或评论，准备在下节课进行展示分享。

设计意图：本节课布置两个课后作业。第一个作业考虑到部分学生在课堂上还不能很好地完成写作任务，因此，课后有必要继续对写作内容进行修改。第二个作业是本节课课堂活动的延伸。基于本节课所创设的主题情景，通过课后收集交通安全方面的图片并配上说明或加以评论，让学生对课堂中所获取的语言知识能够加以总结，应用。在复习语言结构的同时，有助于进一步培养学生自主学习的能力，加深对主题情景中所蕴含的文化内涵——交通安全有更深的体会。

_____________________________________________________________________________

虚拟语气

板书设计

insist, suggest, advise, order, demand, command, propose, recommend

It’s necessary / important that …should do…

If非真实条件句

WERE型虚拟语气

If only; I wish…

as if WERE / BE It’s high time that

BE型虚拟语气

_____________________________________________________________________________

教学反思：

本节课以“交通安全”为主题语境，创设课堂活动情景，对高中阶段所出现的虚拟语气各种句式进行复习、应用。本身虚拟语气的句式比较多样化，要把它们整合起来难度比较大。在

8 / 9

课堂活动中，以“一宗交通事故”为活动主线，将目标语法项目置于不同的活动任务情景这中，从单句到语篇，层层深入，引导学生在学习、感知语法知识的同时，获取、积累相关的主题素材，最终以书信的形式将信息整合成语篇，达到对语言的有效输出的目的。

课堂活动情景任务的设置环环相扣，从师生的双边互动到鼓励学生进行小组探究活动，笔者始终充当好导演的角色，让学生在参与课堂活动的过程中提高学习能力。任务的设置兼顾到不同层次的学生，让基础较为薄弱的学生也能够有表现的机会，增强他们学习英语的信心。同时，在活动的过短当中，适当地进行文化意识的渗透，使学生通过本节课的学习，不但能够获取语言知识，同时也能得到交通安全方面的教育，体现本节课的主题语境。

但是，鉴于实际学情，在实际课堂活动中，部分学生缺乏参与活动的信心，学习的过程中表现的较为被动，热情不高，他们的学习成效离本节课所设定的教学目标还有一定的距离。

9 / 9