Learning about Language名师教学视频（文字实录）

“动词过去分词作状语”

教学目的：在尽可能贴近真实的语境中，学习动词过去分词作状语的用法。经过本课学习，学生能够懂得：

1、过去分词(v.-ed)短语作状语,表示谓语动作发生的时间、伴随、原因、方式、伴随情况等,相当于一个状语从句。

2、过去分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语一定是保持一致的。

3、过去分词与主句主语之间为被动的关系。

4、分词前边可以加when, if, unless, once, although等连词，构成“连词+分词”形式作状语。

教学过程：

Step 1

过去分词

一是表被动的动作，二是表动作已经完成。

状语

修饰动词，形容词，副词

或整个句子，表示行为发生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度等的词，短语或句子叫状语。

Step 2 1. 作时间状语

，相当于一个时间状语从句。

从山顶上看，这个城市就像一个大花园。

Seen from the top of the hill, （= When it was seen from the hill）the city looked like a big garden 2. 作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。

因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。

Caught in a heavy rain（= Because he was caught in a heavy rain），he was all wet.

3. 作条件状语

，相当于一个条件状语从句，有时过去分词前可用if 等词。

再给他一次机会，他会做得更好。

Given another chance（= If he is given another chance）, he will do better.

4. 作让步状语，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。

尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。

Laughed at by many people, (=Though he was laughed at by many people) he continued his study.

5.表示伴随情况或方式:

The trainer appeared,

followed

(follow)by six little dogs.

训练员出现了，后面跟着六条小狗。

He walked up and down the room, lost

(lose) in thought.

他在屋子时走来走去，陷入了沉思。

Step 3 Attention 1：

把状语从句改为过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词，构成“连词+过去分词”结构作状语，也就是我们平时常见的状语从句的省略，即“while/when/ once/until/ if/ though等

(+ 主语+ be)+ 过去分词” 结构。

I won’t go to her party even if (I am) invited .

Don’t speak unless (you are)

spoken to.

When (it is) heated, ice can be changed into water.

Attention 2：过去分词作状语与现在分词作状语的区别

Using

for a long time, the book looks old.

由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧.

Used

the book, I find it useful.

在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用.

选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。

Attention 3：用分词短语作状语时, 它逻辑上的主语要与句子的主语保持一致, 否则分词短语就要有自己的逻辑主语, 这种结构称为独立主格结构。如，

The job finished, we went home.

All things considered, I think we ought to give up the job .

Weather permitting, we will play the match tomorrow. Attention 4：有些过去分词(短语)因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表动作而表状态。这样的过去分词(短语) 常见的有：(be) lost in, absorbed in, seated, dressed in, faced with , tired of 等。如

Absorbed in deep thought, he didn’t hear the sound.

Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them.

Step4 Exercise 1.

Correct the errors 1. Bitten by the snake in the bush, we sent Susan back to the camp. ---- Bitten by the snake in the bush, Susan was sent back to the camp. 2. Having been caught, the police took the thief to the police station. ---Having been caught, the thief was taken to the police station. Exercise2.

1. __B____ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.

A. Translating

B. Translated

C. To translate

D. Having translated 2. The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if _C____ regularly, can improve our health.

A. being carried out

B. carrying out

C. carried out

D. to carry out 3. — Who should be responsible for the accident?

— The boss, not the workers. They just carried out the order __A___.

A. as told

B. as are told

C. as telling

D. as they told 4. __A____ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.

A. Dressed

B. To dress

C. Dressing

D. Having dressed 5. ___C_____ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.

A. Losing

B. Having lost

C. Lost

D. To lose

Exercise 3. Rewrite the following sentences, using the past participle correctly 1.

The teacher entered the classroom. He was followed by a group of students. ---Followed by a group of students, the teacher entered the classroom.

2.

The student was given some advice by the famous science. The student was not worried about his scientific experiment any more. --- Given some advice by the famous science, the student was not worried about his scientific experiment any more.

Step5 Homework : 1.Textbook page

2. Finish the grammar exercise in the paper.