Learning about Language特级教师教学实录

By Xiong Huifang in Jiangxia Experimental High School Reading———word-guessing Aims: 1.

Train the students’ good habits of reading.\ 2.

Learn to use some methods to guess the meaning of familiar or unfamiliar words /expressions in specific context. 3.

Improve students’ ability to read more smoothly and correctly

4.

Help students understand the text more correctly.

Procedures: Step 1 lead-in

Talk about “what will they do if they come across new words when reading?”

Realize the importance of guessing the meaning of familiar or unfamiliar words /expressions in specific context.

Step 2 Experiencing Exercises: 1 (2016浙江省绍兴)

In addition to being more a touch with the food she’s eating, another

joy comnes from passing this knowledge and this desire for good food to her children: “ Influcencing them and telling them your opinion on not only being careful what we eat but undersatnding the bigger picture,”

she said, “ that if we don’t take care of the earth, no will.”

What is the “the

bigger picture” that Loe wishes her children to understand?

A. The knowledge about good food.

B. The way to live a grow-our-own life.

C. The joy of getting in touch with foods

D. The responsibility to protect our earth. 2.(2017全国卷新课标II) Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty .They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.

What does the author mean by “the tables are turned” in paragraph 3?

A. The attackers get attacked.

B. The insects gather under the table.

C. The plants get ready to fight back.

D. The perfumes attract natural enemies.

3. (2014福建) By now first aiders had arrived ,and were attending to the injured woman. As we walked up to her, my son became intimidated [ɪntɪmɪdeɪtɪd] by all the blood and medical equipment. He said he was just too scared to go up to her.

The underlined word probably means_________

A. Astonished

B. Struck

C. frightened

D.excited 4. (2016 湖北襄阳四中)So where do you even begin? Well, a good start is to accept that it is perfectly normal to feel a little nervous when talking to someone for the first time. They might look grumpy

or scary, but they could turn out to be the nicest person you’ve ever met.

The underlined word “grumpy” can be replaced by _____

A. easily annoyed

B. gentle

C.low-spirited

D. cheerful

5.

(2008江苏卷）We can allow time to slip by and let it be our enemy. Or we can take control of it and make it our ally.

The underlined word “ally” in Para. 3 most likely means somebody or something that is ______.

A. your slave and serves you

B. your supporter and helps you

C. under your control and obeys you

D. under your influence and follows you

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6. (2016 全国卷II)

Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time. His consrtuctions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home. I was delighted at the presence of such a student. Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work. His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect other students.

Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking.

What does the underlined word “downside” probably mean?

A. Mistake

B.Drawback

C.Difficulty

D.Burden

7. (2004广东卷)When some kind of pain killer was brought out recently, researchers found that the colors turned the customers off

because they made the product look weak and ineffective. Eventually, it came on the market in a dark blue and white package-blue because we think of it as safe, and white as calm.

The underlined part “the colors turned the customers off” (in Para.3) means that the colors_____.

A.had weak effects on the customer

B. tricked the customers into shopping

C. caused the customers to lose interest

D.attracted the customers strongly

8.

(2013 陕西) My son could not follow the teacher’s direction, he told me, and thus, Scola was disrupting

the class. Didn’t he know my son did not speak English yet?

What does the underlined word “disrupting” probably mean?

A.breaking

B.following

C.attending

D.disturbing

9.（2008全国卷I) The new type of pineapple was selling fast, and the Del Monte Gold pineapple rapidly became a fixture in the shopping basket of the healthy eater.

The underlined word “fixture” in Paragraph 3 probably refers to something ______.

A. that people enjoy eating

B. that is always present

C. that is difficult to get

D. that people use as a gift 10.

(2016云南新课标)

Peale found the animals himself and found a method to make the exhibits more lifelike. The museum’s most popular display was the skeleton(骷髅) of a huge, extinct elephant, which Peale unearthed on a New York farm in 1801.

The underlined word “unearthed” is closest in meaning to “_______”.

A. Showed

B. dug up

C. invented

D. looked over

11. (2017全国卷新课标I) Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations. It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change

that. As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Jazz becoming more accessible.

B．The production of jazz growing faster. C．Jazz being less popular with the young.

D．The jazz audience becoming larger.

12. (2016全国卷新课标III)There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you'll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it's a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.

What does the underlined phrase "a pipe dream" in Paragraph 3 mean? A. practical idea.

B.A vain hope.

C.A brilliant plan.

D.A selfish desire.

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(2017.华大联盟) 11月Wipe dirt and dust off. You can use a dry paper towel or a cloth to brush any dirt off. If there are more tenacious spots to clean off, you can use a wet rag to rub them clean. What does the underlined word “tenacious” in para 2 probably mean?

A.huge

B.obvious

C.stubborn

D.colorful

14.(2016云南省玉溪一中

)

Prof. Israel Finkelstein showed that owing to serious climate changes, the entire world of the Bronze Age crumbled in a short period of time. The underlined word “crumbled” in paragraph 3 means_______.

A. Settled

B. changed

C. established

D. disappeared.

Step 3 Sharing Students share their methods on how to guess the meaning of the underlined words/phrases.

Step 4 Summarize the mothods on how to guess the meaning of the words

Step 5 Applying methods 1.

2016 河南省三门峡The Cuban iguana is primarily herbivorous[hɜ:'bɪvərəs] ; 95% of its diet consists of the leaves, flowers and fruits from as many as 30 plant species, including the seaside rock bush and various grasses. The underlined word “herbivorous” probably means?

A.dangerous

B.gentle

C.plant-eating

D.flesh-eating

2. 2013 江西Listening well also requires total concentration upon someone else. An important part of listening well is the rule known as “bracketing”. Bracketing includes the temporary giving up or seting aside of your own prejudices and desires, to experience as far as possible someone else’s world from the inside, stepping into his or her shoes.

The phrase “stepping into his or her shoes” probably means _________.

A.Preparing a topic list first.

B. focusing on one’s own mind

C. Directing the talk to the desired results.

D. Experiencing the speaker’s inside world.

3. (NMET2003,C篇,65) Fermat’s Last Theorem(定理). First put forward by the French mathematician Pierrede Fermat in the seventeenth century, the theorem (定理) had baffled ['bæfld]

and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique.

Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word “baffle” as it is used in the text?

A.To encourage people to raise questions.

B.To cause difficulty in understanding.

C.To provide a person with an explanation.

D.To limit people’s imagination.

4.（2009陕西卷）

Even though science can tell us that some of our traditional beliefs don’t hold water, there is still a lot of truth in the old wives’ tales

The phrase “hold water” in the last paragraph most probably means“_______”.

A. to be believable

B. to be valuable

C. to be admirable

D. to be suitable

5. 2017衡水金卷5调

Here’s where some furry friends come in. A wide range of animals have been in space, from fruit flies and spiders to cats, and dogs. Such experiments began as far back as the late 1940s in first tests to see if living things could withstand the extreme g-force

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（重力）of a rocket launch. A. Set up

B. Hold up

C. work out

D.

Come across

6.(2016. 全国卷)III “My friend said : “Now we believe your stories’ ” Welty added. “ And I said: ‘Now you know. These are the people that make me write them.’ ”

The underlined word “them” in Para. 6 refers to Welty’s ______.

A. readers

B. parties

C.friends

D. stories.

7. (2017 淄博高三诊断) Dr. Joan T. Freyberg has concluded that daydreaming contributes to intellectual growth. It also improves concentration, attention span, and the ability to get along with others, she says. In an experiment with school with school children, the same researcher found that daydreaming led the children to pay more attention to details. They had more happy feelings. They worked together better. Another researcher reported that daydreaming seemed to produce improved self-control and creative abilities.

But that’s only part of

the story. The most remarkable thing about daydreaming may be its usefulness in shaping our future lives as we want them to be…

What does “the story” refer to?

A.

The attention

B. the conclusion

C. the contribution

D. The concentration

8.

2017全国卷新课标IIIGray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced

by human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around. What does the underlined word “displaced” in paragraph 2 mean?

A.tested

B.separated

C.forced out

D.tracked down

9.

2017. 安徽霍丘一中

I don’t only avoid those “if only” moments when it comes to safety. It’s equally important to avoid “if only” in our relationships. We all know people who lost a loved one and regretted that they had foregone

an

opportunity to say “

I love you” or “ I forgive you”.

A.avoid

B.lacked

C.abandoned

D.wasted

Step 6 Homework 1. Go over what we learned in this period. 2. Finish additional exercises

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1.(2016 银川检测) …When humans cut down “mother trees” with no awareness of these highly complex “tree societies” or the networks on which they feed, we are reducing the chances survival for the entire forest.

“we didn’t take any notice of

it

,” Simard says sadly.

The underlined word “it” refers to _______. A.How trees grow old .

B. how “tree societies” work

C. how forestry industry develops

D. how young trees survive. 2.（2009天津卷）

Frequently it happens that a place has two names: One is named by the people and the other by the government. As in many areas, old habits died hard, and the place continues to be called by its unofficial name long after the meaning is lost.

What does the underlined phrase “die hard” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?

A. Change suddenly.

B. Change significantly. C. Disappear mysteriously.

D. Disappear very slowly. 3.

My first job was to drive the oxen that ploughed the cane fields. I would walk behind an ox, guiding him with a broomstick. For $ 1 a day, I worked eight hours straight, with no food breaks. It was very tedious

['tiːdɪəs] work, but it prepared me for life and taught me many lasting lessons. Because the plantation owners were always watching us, I had to be on time every day and work as hard as I could.

What does the underlined word “tedious” probably mean?

A. interesting

B. tiresome

C. relaxing

D. challenging 4.(2017全国卷新课标II)We shared the brief that if you’re fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back—

he with his Newman’s

Own food and his Role in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. Paul and I didn’t see each other all that regularly, but sharing that brought us together. We supported each other financially and by showing up at events.

What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?

A. Their belief.

B. Their care for children. C. Their success.

D. Their support for each other. 5.(2005福建卷)Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere and helping to slow global warming.

The phrase “ mopping up” in the paragraph means_____

A. cleaning up

B. taking in

C. wiping out

D. giving out 6.(2017.湖北省沙市中学)The car is a convenient means of transport , but we have made it our way of life. Many people don’t dare to approach Nature any more ：

to them the world they were born to enjoy is all threat . To them security is a steel-river thundering on a concrete road. And much of their thinking takes place while waiting for the traffic light to turn green.

A queue of cars.

B. A ray of traffic light

C. A flash of lightning

D. A stream of people 7. (2016 广州毕业班综合测试)Not many people have heard the story of the Christmas Truce(休战). On Christmas Day, 1988, a local radio host in Boston played “Christmas in the Trenches “, a song about the Christmas Truce, several times and was stunned by his listeners’ response. Thousands of people called in, praising the song, with many moved to tears by the amazing events it describes. The underlined word

“stunned”

most probably means “_______”？

A. satisfied

B. shocked

C. amused

D.

confused 8.

In many restaurants the amount of tip is decided by a standard service charge. In many Asian countries, tipping has never really caught on at at all. Only a few have really taken to tipping. Which of the following best explains the underlined phrase “caught on” ?

A. become popular

B. been hated

C. been stopped

D. been permitted 9.(2016.武汉市9月起点考试)

Some of the other oldest known ant species also live underground. So now, scientists are trying to figure out whether ants first evolved(进化) underground, or if they evolved above ground and them went under. So far , Rabeling

has collected only one ant from the new species. Finding more specimens, he hopes, will help us better understand the science and history of ants on earth.

Which of the following can relace the underlined word “specimens” in the last paragraph?

A.

Species

B.

Examples

C. objects

D.

Signals. 10.

( 2016. 山西省高三四校联考)The moment a college student arrives on campus, he or she is bombarded [bɒm'bɑːd] with credit card offers. Advertisements for student credit cards are everywhere: in bags at the bookstore, in the campus newspaper, in your regular mailbox, in the residence halls.

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What does the underlined phrase mean？

A. be confused

by

B. be terribly hurt by

C.be attracted by

D. be surrounded by 11. (2015全国卷新课标I)The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration (合作)with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid, Spain, and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St. Petersburg.

What does the word “contributions” in the last paragraph refer to?

A. Artworks.

B. Projects.

C. Donations.

D. Documents. 12.

There was a gardener who looked after his garden with great care. To water hif flowers, he used two buckets. One was a shiny and new bucket. The other was a very old and dilapidated [dɪlæpɪdeɪtɪd]

one, which had seen many years of service, but was now past its best.

What does the underlined word “ dilapidated” probably mean?

A.

dirty

B.

dark

C.

worn-out

D. plain-looking 13. (2009安徽卷）Of course, the good of oxen is not limited to plowing. In fact, they are seen as “boats on land” for their ability to carry loads.

The words “boats on

land” underlined in Paragraph 2 refer to __

A. animals for taking goods

B. creatures for pulling plows C. treasures of the folk culture

D. tools in the farming economy 14.(2004上海)Without examinations, employers will look for employees from the highly respected schools and from families known to them—a form of

favourtism

will replace equality.

The word “favouritism” in paragraph 3 is used to describe the phenomenon that________.

A. bright children also need certificates go get satisfying jobs.

B. children from well-respected schools tend to have good jobs C. poor children with certificates are favoured in job markets

D. children attending ordinary schools achieve great success 15.

(NMET2002,E篇) A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a

hassle; it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anaclerio, an Evaston mother of two, ages 4 and 18 months.

What does the under lined word ‘hassle’ probably mean?

A. a party designed by specialists

B. a plan requiring careful thought

C. a situation causing difficulty or trouble

D. a demand made by guests．

16.2017全国卷新课标ITo construct a working still（蒸馏器）, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s

productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up — and out — the side of the hole.

What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” refer to?

A. The tube.

B.The still.

C. The hole.

D. The cup. 17.

2016.四川高考

His black-and-white pictures present a world almost lost in time. These pictures show people seemingly pushed into a world that they were unprepared for. These local citizens now have to balance their traditional self- supporting hunting lifestyle with the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic, which brings with

it

not only necessary state welfare, but also alcoholism, betrayal and even suicide. What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to?

A. The modern French lifestyle.

B. The self-supporting hunting.

C. The uncivilized world.

D. The French Republic.

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