Learning about Language优质课教案内容

Learning about language Teaching aims: Revise the Past Participle as the adverbial. 过去分词作状语

过去分词作状语同现在分词作状语一样,其逻辑主语就是句子的主语,所不同的是现在分词与主句主语存在着主谓关系,而过去分词与主句主语之间是被动关系. 过去分词或过去分词短语在句中作状语时相当于一个状语从句,可表原因,时间,条件,让步,方式或伴随. (1)作原因状语,多放在主句之前,相当于because, since, as引导的从句. Tired from the day’s hard work, he fell asleep soon. =(Because he was tired from the day’s hard work, he…) 由于一天的劳累工作,他很快就睡着了. Deeply moved by what he said, I promised to give him some help. (2)作时间状语,相当于when引导的时间状语,有时在分词前直接加when, while, until等词可使其表达的时间意义更明确.如: When heated, water can be changed into steam. 水加热后可以变成水蒸气. Seen from the hill, the town looks beautiful. (3)作条件状语,相当于if, unless引导的从句. Given another chance, he can do it better.=(If he is given another chance,...) 如果再给他一次机会,他会做的更好. United we stand, divided we fall.团结则存,分裂则亡

(4)作让步状语. Much tired, he still kept on working. (=Though he was much tired, he...)尽管很累,他仍继续工作. (5)作方式或伴随状语. Lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. 因陷入沉思,他几乎撞到前面的汽车上. He turned away disappointed.

他失望地走开了. The teacher stood there, surrounded by many students. 老师站在那儿,周围围着许多学生. 注意: (1).过分作状语,有时前面带有连词,是状语从句的省略形式,其中省去了从句的主语和be动词,通常主语与主句的主语相同. when (it is)heated, water will boil. She won't go to the party, unless (she is)invited. (2).过去分词与句子的主语在逻辑上是动宾关系,改为时间,条件,原因,让步,方式状语从句时，从句的谓语动词应用被动语态(表示伴随情况多改为and

+并列

谓语).而现在分词与其逻辑主语则是主谓关系. 改错: Seeing in this light, the matter is not as serious as people generally suppose. (3)过去分词作定语不仅表示被动,还表示已经完成,但过分作状语,动作不一定是已经完成的动作,有可能是同时进行的,也有可能是未来的.(尤其在时间,条件状语从句中). 改错: Once to be begun, the project will not changed. If to be given more money, I will solve the problem soon. (4)过去分词作状语,相当于对应状语从句,不可再用but, so, and, or否则重复. 改错: Laughed at by everyone, but he had my sympathy. Known to all, so he was recognized very easily. (5)过去分词的逻辑主语要与句子的主语保持一致,否则用从句或独立结构. 改错: No matter how well translated, we don’t like it. ［典例解析］

1. And there, almost _____ in the big chair, sat her little brother, who never had to be told to keep quiet. A. having lost B. losing C. to be lost D. lost [解析]lost in the big chair为过去分词短语在句中作伴随状语。此句的正常语序为：Her little brother sat there...。答案为D。

2. （2005上海卷）______ into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. A. Put B. Putting C. Having put D. Being put [解析]

答案为A。

3. _____ and out of breath, we reached the top of the mountain and stopped _____ the beautiful scenery.

A. Tiring; to admire B. Being tired; admiring

C. Tired; to admire D. Tired; admiring

[解析]tired and out of breath为“形容词和介词短语”在句中作状语。stop to do sth. 停下来去做另外一件事。答案为C。

[同步练习] ★单项填空

1.Well ___, the film is well worth seeing. A. directing

B. direct

C. being directed

D. directed

2.___by the film, he didn’t go to sleep until late into the

night. A. Deeply moved

B. Deeply moving

C. Moving deeply

D. To be moved

3. ___ from space, our earth, ___ water ___ 70% of its surface, appears as a “blue globe”.

A. Having seen, the, covered

B. Seeing, with, covering

C. Seen, with, covering

D. To see, the, covered

4.__ of plastics, the machines are light in weight. A. Made

B. Making

C. To be made

D. To make

5.On a long railway journey, with four Englishmen in the carriage, often there won’t be a word ____ during the whole journey.

A. speaking

B. spoken

C. to be spoken

D. to speak

6.—Will you go to attend her party?

--No, _______. A. even though invited to

B. even if invited

C. if not invited

D. unless invited to go 7.__ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.(2004,湖北)

A. Compare

B. When comparing

C. Comparing

D. When compared

8.___ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.(2003,北京) A. Having given

B. To give

C. Giving

D. Given

9.Generally speaking, ___ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.

(2003,上海)

A. when taking

B. when taken

C. when to take

D. when to be taken

10.The research is so designed that once __ nothing ca be done to change it. (NMET 2002)

A. begins

B. having begun

C. beginning

D. begun

11.When ____, the museum will be open to the public next year. A. completed

B. completing

(2002,上海) C. being completed

D. to be completed

12.__ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.

(2000.上海)

A. Being founded

B. It was founded

C. Founded

D. Founding

13.___the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation. (2000,北京) A. Given

B. To give

C. Giving

D. Having given

14.___in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. A. Dressed

B. To dress

C. Dressing

D. Having dressed 15.When first ____ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. A. introducing

B. introduced

C. introduce

D. being introduced