Using LanguageⅡ教学设计实例

Book8 Unit5 The Present Perfect Continuous Tense

(Grammar) 清远市第二中学

刘美艳

Part I Class Planning: Teaching Objectives 1. Learn the structure and use of The Present Perfect Continuous Tense

2. Tell the difference between The Present Perfect Continuous Tense and the Simple Present Tense. 3. Drive the students into the habit of doing, observing, thinking, and summing up through teaching activities; help students develop the awareness of self-learning. Teaching Focus 1、

现在完成时态的句型，构成及用法

2、

现在完成时与一般过去时用法的区别

3、

瞬间动词与延续性动词在现在完成时态中的运用

4、

现在完成时与一般过去时用法的区别

Teaching Methods 1) Demonstration Teaching 2) Interactive Teaching 3) Communicative Teaching 4) Task-Based Language Teaching 5. Teaching Aids: Teaching notes and courseware prepared by the teacher

Blackboard Computer & Projector

Part II Teaching Procedure

基础知识

1、定义:现在完成时表示到现在为止已经完成或仍在持续的动作、状态；强调对现在的影响或联系

2、基本结构

助动词have/has+过去分词(done)

3、句型

否定句：

主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他.

一般疑问句：

Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他.

简略答语：

Yes, 主语

+ have/has.(肯定)

No, 主语

+ haven't/hasn't.(否定)

4、用法：

1）动作发生在过去，强调对现在的影响。

与一般过去时的区别：

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强调过去—一般过去式

强调对现在的影响---现在完成时。

试比较：

I have lost my new book. 我把新书丢了。（现在还未找到）

I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新书丢了。（昨天丢的，现在找到与否没说明）

My mother went to Shanghai.

Where is your mother? ---She has gone to Shanghai.

I didn’t have breakfast.

I haven’t have breakfast yet.

2）动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在有某种影响和结果。常被just、already、

yet 等副词修饰。如：

--Have you had lunch yet? 你（已经）吃午饭了吗？

--Yes, I have. I've just had it. 我刚刚吃过。（现在我不饿了）

3）现在完成时表示未完成。动作从过去延续到现在，还可能以后继续。通常和带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。

He has been in the army for ten years. I have studied English since 1980.

4）表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，表示次数：一次once; 二次: twice, 三次：three times…, ever, never等时间状语。

如：

I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次、

I have been to Shanghai twice.

She has watched this film three times. I have never seen more beautiful girl than she.

5、现在完成时常与一些词、词组连用

: 1）ever（曾）、never（未曾）、already（已经）

、

yet（仍、还）、just （刚刚）、before（以前) 2）for +一段时间

: for two days 有两天了

3)

in the past/last＋一段时间

:

in the past ten years 在刚过去的十年里

4）

since +

过去某一个时间:

since 1991 :

自从1991年到现在

一段时间

+ ago

since 14 years ago:

自从14年前到现在

一般过去时句子:

since I was born :

自从我出生到现在

6、already, yet, ever, never, just的用法

already 肯定句，强调已经的意,放句中或句末.

I have already finished my homework. = I have finished my homework already.

2

yet 否定句、问句，表示还没，没有的意思,放句末

He hasn’t finished his homework yet.

Has he finished his homework yet? ever 问句，表示曾经的意思

Has John ever been to Zhuhai? never 含否定意思的肯定句，表示从“没”的意思

He has never been to China. just 肯定句，表示刚刚的意思

I have just come back from China. 7、for, since及how long For + 时间段：表示某个动作持续了多长时间

Joey has been in New York for 10 years. Since + 时间点（具体时间/ … ago/ 某个动作发生的时间

）：

表示某个动作是从什么时候开始的，间接地表示这个动作持续的时间

Joey has been in New York since 1996. Joey has been in New York since ten years ago. Joey has been in New York since he first arrived.

能力提升

一、过去分词

1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则：

(1)、一般动词在词尾直接加“ ed ”。

work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited

(2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词只在词尾加“ d ”。

live---lived---lived ,

(3)、以“辅音字母

+ y ”结尾的动词将

"y" 变为

"i" 再加“ ed ”。

study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried

(4)、重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加“ ed ”。

stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped

2 、不规则动词瞬间动词(buy, die, join, come, go, leave, join …)不能直接与for since 连用

(三) 比较过去时与现在完成时

1）过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。

2）过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。

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一般过去时的时间状语: yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语

共同的时间状语:

this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately

现在完成时的时间状语

for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always, 不确定的时间状语

3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.

过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。

举例：

I saw this film yesterday.

（强调看的动作发生过了。）

I have seen this film.

（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）

Why did you get up so early?

（强调起床的动作已发生过了。）

Who hasn't handed in his paper?

（强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）

She has returned from Paris.

她已从巴黎回来了。

She returned yesterday.

她是昨天回来了。

He has been in the League for three years.

(在团内的状态可延续)

He has been a League member for three years.

(是团员的状态可持续)

He joined the League three years ago.

( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)

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I have finished my homework now.

---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?

---He's already been sent for.

句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如

yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。

（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.

（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.

二、做题时常见错误如下：

1、易丢掉have/has

例：He taken (take) the medicine before.

答案：has taken

解析：have/has 为助动词，起构成时态的作用，是不能省略的。我们可以这样记：“现在完成时态中，have/has 不可缺。”

2、have与has易用混

例：I has never heard (hear) of that before.

答案：have heard 解析：现在完成时与一般现在时一样也有单三人称的变化，当单三人称作主语时用

has, 一般人称作主语时用have．

3、延续性动词与短暂性动词易弄错

例：She has left (离开) for 2 hours. 答案：has been away

Exercises 1. I usually _______ up at 6:00, but yesterday I _______ up at 7:00 and tomorrow I _______ up at 6:30. (get) 2. Listen! Someone ____________ (knock) at the door. 3. I ___________ (be) in Beijing for two years. 4. How often _____ Andy _______ (surf) the internet? 5. He fell asleep while he ___________ (read) a book. 6. I ________ never _______ (hear) of that man before. 7. My brother often _________ (go) for walks last summer. 8. Lily said she _______ (put) on the new dress the next day. 9. ______ the story ________ (happen) in London in 1949?

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10. What ______ his mother ______ (do) when he opened the door? 11. The old man _____ two days after he had been sent to hospital.

A. died

B. would die

C. had died

D. has died 12. Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but soon ______ to his old ways.

A. returned

B. returns

C. was returning

D. had returned 13. I _____ my son _____ a doctor, but he wasn’t good enough at science.

A. hoped; would become

B. had hoped; would become

C. had hoped; will become

D. hope; will become 14. I _____ to take a good holiday this year, but I wasn’t able to get away.

A. hope

B. have hoped

C. had hoped

D. hoped 15. Helen _____ her key in the office so she had to wait until her husband _____ home.

A. has left; comes

B. left; had come

C. had left; came

D. had left; would come

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