Grammar and usage(1): Direct speech and reported speechppt配套教案和课堂实录

直接引语和间接引语

Amy: I am going to travel to Beijing with my parents. Amy said that 直接引语：

一字不变，一字不漏地直接引用别人的话叫直接引语，直接引语前后加

引号。

间接引语：

用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。转述的是同样的意思，但转述后改变了特定的单词或词组，不再是原模原样的句子。间接引语不必加引号；间

接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。 直接引语or间接引语? 1.She said, “My brother’s name is Tom.”

2.He asked me where I lived. 3.He asked me, “Where do you live?”

4.She said that her brother’s name was Tom.

·如何把直接引语变为间接引语？

1.进行句式上的转换(课本8页第2点）

1）用宾语从句转述别人所说的话。（常用）

2）用不定式转述别人所说的话。

2. 人称代词、

时态、

时间、

地点、

指示代词、

方向性动词

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一、人称变化

(一般遵循这句顺口溜

“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”) 1).“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称修饰，从句中的人称要按照主句中主

语的人称变化。如：

1.They said, “We will go there by bus.”

→They said would go there by bus. 2.She said “My sister wants to go with me.”

→She said (that) sister wanted to go with her. 3. She said, “I’m hungry.”

→ She said that was hungry. 2. Tom said to them, ‘ I will get excited.’

→ Tom told them that would get excited.

2).“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语是第二人称或被第二人称所修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。如：

①.She said to me, “Are you interested in science?”

→She asked me if was interested in science. ②.He said to Kate, "How is your sister now?"

→He asked Kate how sister was then. ③.She said, “Your pronunciation is better than his.”

如果引号外没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。

→She told me that pronunciation was better than his.

3).“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第三人称或被第三人称修饰，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。如：

①.His mother said to me, “He can't go to school.”

→His mother told me that couldn't go to school. ②.Mr Smith said, "Jack’s brother is a good worker."

→Mr Smith said was a good worker.

二．时态变化

1.主句中谓语动词的时态是现在时或将来时时，则间接引语的时态和直接引语的时态一样，不做改变。

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时态的变化

He says “i have finished my homework”.

→ He says that she has finished his homework.

2.主句的谓语动词是过去时态时，则间接引语的时态一般做相应变化。

直接引语

间接引语

He said，

“I’m afraid I

He said that he can’t finish the work.”

afraid he couldn't finish the

work.

He said，

“I’m using the

knife.”

He said that he

the knife.

She said，

“I’ll do it She said that she after class.”

it after class.

一般现在时

一般过去时

现在进行时

-

过去进行时

一般将来时-

过去将来时

现在完成时-

She said，

“I’ve not She said that she heard from him since May.”

from him since May.

过去完成时

一般过去时-

He said，

“I came to help He said that he you.”

to help me.

过去完成时

过去完成时

He said，

“I had He said that he

finished my homework before the homework before supper. 不变

supper.”

练一练

1、He said, “I’m a policeman.”

→He said that he a policeman. 2.He said, “I’m playing football now.”

→He said that he playing football then.

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3、He said, “I have done my homework.”

→He said that he done his homework. 4.He said, “I saw a film yesterday.”

→

He said that he a film the day before. 5. He said, “I had learned 3,000 English words by the end of last term.

→He said that he 3,000 English words by the end of the term before. 6. ‘I haven’t brought my dictionary,’ the student said.

→The student said that he his dictionary. 7. Tom said to them, ‘ I will get excited.’

→Tom told them that he get excited. 8. My father said to me, ‘I am reading the book.’

→My father told me that he the book. 例外：

1. 如果直接引语是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变。

e.g. ‘Light travels much faster than sound,’ she said to me yesterday. She told me the day before that light travels much faster than sound. 2. 如果直接引语中有明确表示过去的

时间状语，在变为间接引语时，一

般过去时不必变为过去完成时。

e.g. He said, ‘The great inventor was born in 1884.’

He told me that the great inventor was born in 1884. 3.时间状语的变化

Direct speech now today tonight tomorrow yesterday next month a week ago next week last week yesterday morning

Reported speech then that day that night the next day/the following day the day before the month after a week before the next week the week before the morning before 4

the day before yesterday the day after tomorrow three days ago so far right now next week two days before in two days in three days by then just then the next week 4.地点状语的变化

地点状语 here there 练习：

（时间状语和地点状语的改变）

e.g. Tom said, ‘I am working here today.’

Tom said he

.

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1 当直接引语是陈述句：由( that) 引导。

主语+ (said ) + that+句子( 时态往过去推 ) told sb. The teacher said, "My students are hard-working." The teacher said She said to him, “It’s

time

to go home.”

She told him 2. 直接引语如果是疑问句，变为间接引语时，要

把疑问句语序改为陈述句语序。

1）一般疑问句。用whether或if(是否）引导。

主句中的动词是said时改为asked。 改句号为问号。 Eg. He said, “Are

you a student?”

He asked whether / if I was a student.

He said，

“are you interested in English？”

He asked

2) 特殊疑问句:由直接引语变为间接引语时, 仍用原来的疑问词引导.要把疑问句语序改为陈述句语序。

Eg.“Where

are you going?”

Father asked his son. →Father asked his son where he was going

Eg.The policeman asked the small boy, “Where

do you live?”

→The policeman asked the small boy where he lived. e.g. She asked me, ‘When will the advertisements be on air?’

→She asked me when the advertisements would be on air.

练习：

1.“How much money do you spend on books?” he asked me.

He asked me

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2.“What is your uncle?” he asked me.

He asked me 3.‘Where did you find the advertisements for jobs abroad?’ Bill asked. Bill asked

1. The policeman said to the children, “Don’t play football in the street.”

The policeman told 2. My mother said to me, “Please come and help me.”

My mother aske 3.‘Go and see a doctor after class,’ my teacher said to me.

My teacher advised 4. The candidate said to the manager, ‘Please give me five minutes for preparation.’

The candidate asked 5.The policeman said to the children, “Don’t play football in the street.”

The policeman told 6.My mother said to me, “Please come and help me.”

My mother asked

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