Grammar and usage(1): Modal verbs: general introduction教学设计一等奖

情态动词

学习目标：1.掌握常见情态动词的基本用法，并能在语境中恰当使用情态动词。

2.比较易混淆情态动词的用法，区别并能正确使用。

重难点提醒：1.情态动词是比较难掌握的语法现象，个数多，容易混淆。

2.

弄清各个情态动词的语用功能，并分清它们的使用场合是学好情态动词的关键。

Step 1

Greeting Step 2

Presentation 一、情态动态的定义：可以用来表明说话人对某一动作或状态的情感和态度

二、基本用法：后跟上省略to的动词原形/ have done 1. Tom must finish the job on time, this is an order. 2.

You can use the car, if you want. 3.

He might have given you more help, even though he was busy. 三、区别几组情态动词

一、can和could 表示能力。can表示现在的能力，could表示过去具有某种能力。如：

My brother can speak four foreign languages. Sophia could read when she was four years old. 注意：can表示“能够”时，与be able to同义，但can只有过去式could，而be able to可用于各种时态。

表示许可。could比can表示的说话语气更委婉。如：

You can have a piece of cake after you’ve eaten your vegetables! Could I have a drink of water, please? 表示可能性。此时could不是can的过去式，它表示推测的可能性比can小。如：

Can he still be alive after all this time? If you’re not careful, you could get into even worse trouble. 二、may和might 表示许可或征求对方许可。如：

You may / might use my bicycle so long as you return it before 12:00. I can’t eat; may / might I have a little milk? ☆表示可能性。might比may语气更不确定，表示的可能性更小。如：

He may / might get here in time, but I can’t be sure. 三、will和would 表示意愿。will表示现在的意愿，有时可用于条件句中；would表示过去的意愿。如：

I will help her if she asks us to. Ask, if you will, who the owner is. My friend asked if I would go with him. 表示征求意见或提出请求。will与would均可用于主语是第二人称的疑问句中，表示征求意见或提出请求，此时would并不表示过去，而表示委婉语气。如：

—I’m cold. Will / Would you shut the window, please? —Certainly. 表示习惯和倾向性。will表示现在的习惯，would表示过去的习惯。如：

She will listen to records, alone in her room, for hours. When Ann was a child, she would often ask some strange questions. 四、shall和should

shall在疑问句中用于征求对方意见，主要用于第一、三人称，意为“要不要，……好吗”。如：

Shall we go out and have a walk after dinner? Shall Tom go there with me tomorrow? shall还可用于主语是第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示决心、允诺、警告、命令、威胁、规定或义务等。如：

Tell her that she shall have the bike tomorrow. You shall be punished if you break the rule. should表示义务或责任、建议或劝告、推断等。如：

We should take good care of our children. You shouldn’t leave a baby alone in the house. I wonder what’s happened to Annie. She should be here by now. should还可表示惊讶、失望、遗憾等情感，此时意为“竟会”。如：

It’s strange that Jane should be late. She’s usually on time. I’m sorry that you should think so badly of me. 情态动词+have done 对事情推测或虚拟

1.）The light is on, you must have forgotten to turn it off. 2.)

He should have arrived for the meeting, but he didn't show up. 对过去的的推测

肯定：must have done 可能：may/might have done; can/could have done

否定：can't /couldn't have done

对过去的虚拟

1. You might have told me earlier.(埋怨责备) 2. I needn't have borrowed the money yesterday.(实际上已经借了) 3. You could have been more considerate.(实际上没有) 4. We could have started a little earier.（实际上没有）

5. Without your help, I wouldn't have achieved so much.(实际上取得了。) Step 3 Consolidation exercise 一、单项选择

1.

We _______ the difficulty together, but why didn’t you tell me? A.

should face B.might face C.could have faced D.must have faced 2.

-_______ you interrupt now? Can’t you see I’m on the phone? -Sorry Sir, but it is urgent. A.

can B.should C.must D.would 3.

One of our rules is that every student ____ wear school uniform while at school. A.

might B.could C.shall D.will 4.

We ___ have bought so much food now that Suzie won’t be with us for dinner. A.

may not B.needn’t C.can’t D.mustn’t 5.

-I’m sorry. I ______ at you the other day.

-Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself. A.

shouldn’t shout B.shouldn’t have shouted C.mustn’t shout D.mustn’t have shouted. 6.

-Is John coming by train?

-He should, but he ____ not. He likes driving his car. A.

must B.will C.need D.may 7-Guess what? I have got an A for my term paper. -Great! You ____ read widely and put a lot of work into it. A.

must B.may have C.should have D.must have 7.

There _____ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practised a lot in the driving school. A.

mustn’t B.shan’t C.shouldn’t D.needn’t 8.

At last he ____ finish the work ahead of time. A.

could B.was able to C.could be able to D.can be able to 9.

If anybody ____ to see me, say that I shall be back then. A.

would come B.shall come C.might come D.should come 10.

Liza _____ well not want to go on the trip----she hates travelling. A.will B.can C.must D.may 二、用合适的情态动词填空

1.

A：there were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. B: it _______ have been a comfortable journey. 2.

A: Jack, you _______ play with fire. You _________hurt yourself. B: Ok, Mum. 3.

A: My new pencil box has disappeared. B: Who _________ have taken it. 4.

A:_____ you succeed! B: Thanks a lot. 5.

A: ______ I tell Mary about it? B: No, you_________. I have told her already. 参考答案：

单项选择1-5CCCBB 6-10 DDCBD 情态动词填空1.couldn’t 2.mustn’t/shouldn’t; may/might/could 3.might/could 4.May 5.shall;needn’t