Grammar名师教学实录

Learning plan of module3: My First Ride on a Train ------- Grammar Module 3 My First Ride on a Train

------- Grammar(the –ed form过去分词作定语) Learning goals:

1.

master the usage of past participle used as attributive. 2.

Tell the difference between past form and past participle. Importment point: recognize and use the past participle as attributive properly Learning methods:

explore→sense→practice→consolidate

Learning procedures: Step I: warming up

Step II: please translate the following phrases 1.

abandoned farms ___________________________ spoken English ____________________________ meals cooked by experts _______________________

books written by Luxun ______________________ 2.

fallen leaves_________________________

risen sun________________________________

changed world________________________

retired teacher____________________________ 3.

Puzzled expression_____________________ disappointed children___________________________

exhausted people________________________ satisfied expression

____________________

Step III: find something we can draw a conclusion that: 1.过去分词可以用作：_________________, 如果是单个的过去分词则置于被修饰的名词__________，而过去分词短语则位于名词_____________。

2. 及物动词的过去分词作定语表示动作的________________，不及物动词的过去分词无被动含义，只表示动作的____________。

3.有些过去分词失去了被动意义，而作形容词，表示___________，其现在分词表示_____________。

4.过去分词可构成合成词作定语

a.widely-used language________________ b.school-run factory_____________________ c.man-made satellite_______________________ d.highly-developed industry ________________________ 注意：分词修饰something,everything,anything,nothing,nobody等不定代词或指示代词those时，要放在这些词的后面。

Eg. He is one of those invited. I have something stolen

StepIV: learn by yourselves and underline some important points.

一．分词是动词的一种非限定形式，主要起构成形容词和副词的作用，共有两种形式，一种是现在分词（-ing）,一种是过去分词（-ed）.现在分词一般有主动的意思，过去分词一般有被动和完成的意思，以下主要是过去分词作定语的几点用法。

（1）及物动词的过去分词单独用作定语，表被动。

e.g. moved students

drowned people

used paper

a broken cup

developed countries

(2 )个别的过去分词（多由不及物动词构成）只表示完成，不表示被动。

e.g. fallen leaves. / returned students. 归国留学生。

(3)某些动词的过去分词作定语，既可作前置定语，又可作后置定语，但含义不同。

e.g.The method used( 被采用的) is very efficient./ This is a used（用过的）book. The book given(给) to him is an English novel. We will be meeting at a given(特定的) time and place.

(4) 有些过去分词己经失去了被动意义, 相当于形容词作定语,表示主语所处的一种状态.常用来修饰人。

也可以修饰物，这类被过去分词所修饰指物的名词大概有两类: a.指人发出的声音: voice , shout , scream , cry 等; b.指人的面部表情: face, look , expression , smile 等; 修饰的过去分词有: disappointed, puzzled, surprised, excited, satisfied, frightened, pleased, trembled, discouraged, etc. a frightened look

惊恐的神态

a frightening look

吓人的神态

a pleased smile

（自己感到）满意的微笑

a pleasing smile 令人愉快的微笑

二．过去时态的表达及用法

一般过去时表示(1)过去某个特定时间发生，并且一下子就完成了的动作（即：非持续性动作），

(2)过去习惯性的动作。一般过去时不强调动作对现在的影响，只说明过去。

Learning plan of module3: My First Ride on a Train ------- Grammar I had a word with Julia this morning.今天早晨，我跟朱丽亚说了几句话。(1)

e.g.He smoked many cigarettes a day until he gave up. 他没有戒烟的那阵子，烟抽得可凶了。

1. 一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用，如：yesterday, last week, in 1993, at that time, once, during the war, before, a few days ago, when 等等。

2.句子中谓语动词是用一般过去时还是用现在完成时，取决于动作是否对现在有影响。

e.g. Have you had your lunch? 你吃过午饭了吗？（意思是说你现在不饿吗？）

Yes, I have. 是的，我已经吃过了。（意思是说已经吃饱了，不想再吃了。）

When did you have it? 你是什么时候吃的？（关心的是吃的动作发生在何时。）

I had it about ten minutes ago. 我是大约十分钟以前吃的。

3. Used to do something 表示过去常做而现在已经停止了的习惯动作。

e.g.I used to work fourteen hours a day. 我过去常常一天干十四个小时。

这种情况下，往往没有表示过去的时间状语，而通过上下文来表示。

e.g.The boy opened his eyes for a moment，looked at the captain，and then died.

那男孩把眼睛张开了一会儿，看看船长，然后就去世了。

4.表示过去一段时间内经常或反复的动作,常与always，never等连用。

e.g.Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella. 彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞。

（只是说明她过去的动作，不表明她现在是否常带着伞。）

（只是说明过去这一动作）

5. 有些句子，虽然没有表示过去确定时间的状语，但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态的话，也要用过去时，这一点，我们中国学生往往出错，要特别注意！

I didn''t know you were in Paris. 我不知道你在巴黎。（因为在说话时，我已经知道你在巴黎了。这句话指的是说话之前，所以只能用过去时表示。实际上，这句话暗指：But now I know you are here.）

I thought you were ill.

我以为你病了呢。（这句话应是在说话之前，我以为你病了。但是现在我知道你没病）

StepV:practice 1.There was an ________ look on his face when the actress appeared. A excited

B excite

C exciting

D excitedly 2.. A metal ________ uranium gives off a kind of radiation. A calling

B called

C is called

D which is calling 3. Prices of daily goods _____ through a computer can be lower than sore price. A are bought

B bought

C been bought

D which is calling 4. The glass of water is too hot, I prefer some cold _______ water. A boiling

B boiled

C having boiled

D to boil 5.. From your_______ voice, I have to say that you are really________. A disappointed, disappointed

B disappointing, disappointing C disappointed, disappointing

D disappointing, disappointed 6. This is the problem __________ at the meeting yesterday. A being discussed B discussed

C to be discussed D having discussed 7. Don’t use words, expression or phrases______ only to people with specific knowledge.

A being known B having been known C to be known D known 8.What’s the language________ in Germany? A spoken B speaking C to speak D be spoken 9.. The person ________ at the meeting is famous _________ an actor. A referred, for B referred, as C referred to, for D referred to, as 10. On his return, he found the house___________. A deserting B deserted C is deserted D had deserted 11.There is a shortage of _____________________ （受过训练的）nurses. 12.He found a knife in an __________________ （被遗弃的）house. 13.The _________________________(疲惫不堪) troops were defeated. StepVI:Homework

please translate the passage into English with the grammar you have learned today. 这周末我妈妈享用了一顿我亲自做的午餐。我用妈妈买好的蔬菜做了几个可口的饭菜，用丢弃的菜叶喂了我家两只小鸡，我叔叔送我的这两只小鸡非常可爱。这一天

因为我妈妈的赞扬和小鸡带给我们的欢乐，我过了一个惬意的周末！（有5处必须用到今天所学的语法知识）

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