Grammar and usage(2): Modal verbs: comparisons第一课时教学设计

M4U2 情态动词导学案

课前自测：

1._______ you work out this maths problem?你能计算出这道数学题吗？

2.You ________/ ________spend much time surfing the Internet.你不应该花太多的时间上网。

3.We ________ make every effort to protect the Earth.我们必须尽一切努力保护地球。

4.You ____________do that if you don’t want to.如果你不想做，你就没有必要去做。

5. ________ we clean the classroom?我必须要清扫教室吗？

6.The little girl _______ go out alone at night.这个女孩不敢一个独自外出。

总结：1.情态动词有can/ ______/ may /_______/will /_________/ shall / _______ / ought ___ / must / need / dare /_____/ had _____／

would ____／

used _____ 2.

情态动词不能单独作谓语动词，肯定句时在情态动词后直接加_______，表示各种_____。

3.

否定句时在情态动词后直接加_______，如can not /_______, could not / _______, may not, might not/ ______, will not / ______, would not/ _______, shall not / _______, should not / ________, ought not to /________, must not/ ________, need not/ ______, dare not/ _______, used not to / _____ to（注意：had better ______,

would rather _____ ）

4.

含有情态动词的谓语动词，疑问句时把情态动词直接直接提前至主语_____（前/后）。

5.

情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。

6.

情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词，等形式。

详细论述: 1.

比较can /could①能够（表能力）②可以（表请求，允许）③可能（表推测）

1）can/could 表示能够，只用于现在式和过去式(could)。

be able to①表示能够，可以用于各种时态。

②表示成功地做了某事时，只能用was/were able to,不能用could。

③用于情态动词后

Ex.①We _______/ __________ speak Chinese fluently.我们能讲流利的汉语。

②We can be able to speak Chinese fluently.(T / F ) ③They will _________ tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告诉你消息了。

④He ________ flee Europe before the war broke out.

= He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out. 2）提出委婉的请求，could比can更委婉（注意在回答中不可用could）。

Ex.①--- Can / Could I have the television on?

--- Yes, you_____. / No, you_______. ②_______ you lend me some money? It happens that I don’t have any with me.

3）表可能①在否定,疑问句中表示推测或怀疑，有事实依据，可能性大。(could可能性小于can)(can’t/couldn’t不可能) eg.He couldn't be a bad man.He always helps others.

他不可能是坏人。他总是帮助别人。

②在肯定句中表示理论上、偶尔的、间或的可能性，无事实依据。

Eg.It ______ snow in June.六月也可能飞雪。

2.

比较may和might

1）

表示允许或请求

eg. _______ I come in?我可以进来吗? 2)

在肯定,否定句中表示没有把握的推测，可能性比can/could小，常与I’m not sure/ I’m afraid/ I don’t know等不确定的句子连用。(might可能性小于may)(may not/mightn’t可能不) Eg. He might be at home.But I’m not sure. Peter ___come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.

1

A. must

B. may

C. can

D. will 3)

may sb. do sth祝愿某人某事

eg.

May God bless you! 4)

may/might as well do sth 不妨做某事

eg. If that is the case, we may as well try.

3.must 1)

①must“必须”，表示说话人主观上的看法，既主观上的必要，只有一种形式。

②have to “不得不”，表示客观的需要，且有人称、数、时态的变化

③在否定结构中：

don't have to

表示"_____", mustn't表示"_______"，

Ex.①My brother was very ill, so I _______ call the doctor in the middle of the night.

我弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。

②He said that they _______ work hard. 他说他们必须努力工作。

③You _________ tell him about it.

你不一定要把此事告诉他。

④You ________tell him about it.

你一定不要把这件事告诉他。

⑤---_____ I hand in my exercise books today? ---Yes, you ______. / No, you ______.

2)must“一定要，偏偏，非得”,表示一种与说话人愿望相反、不耐烦的感情色彩

Ex. ①When I ask my son to study, he _____watch TV.

②If you ______ know, her name is Mary.

3)must"一定",用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测,常有事实依据。

①must do sth “一定做某事”，对现在情况的肯定推测

②must be doing sth“一定正在做某事”，对正在发生的事情的肯定推测

③must have done sth “一定已经做了某事”，对过去情况的肯定推测

④can’t / couldn’t have done sth不可能已经做了某事（表推测时，must的否定式为can’t/ couldn’t）

Ex.①You have worked hard all day.You ____ ____ tired.

你辛苦干一整天，一定累了。

②The light is on. He ____ _____ _______ in his office. 他一定在办公室工作呢。

③I didn't hear the phone. I _____ ____ ____ asleep.我刚才没有听到电话，我想必是睡着了。

④---Why didn't you answer my phone call?

---Well, I ____ ____ ______ sleeping, so I didn't hear it. ⑤If Tom didn't leave here until five o'clock, he _____ ____home yet.

如果汤姆五点才离开这儿，他此时一定还未到家。

4.表示推测的用法

①can /could/ may/ might / must

+______ (对现在情况的推测) +_______(对正在发生的情况的推测) +_________(对已经发生情况的推测)

②口诀:can不肯,may不问，must不否问，有理又有据。

Ex.①I don't know where she is, she _______ in Wuhan. ②At this moment, our teacher _________ our exam papers.这时,我们老师想必在批改试卷。

③The road is wet. It __________last night.地是湿的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。

④Mike ____________ his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.

迈克一定还没有找回他的车，因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。

5.

will / would

1）will do sth “将会做某事”，用于表示现在将来时，常表临时的决定, would do sth“过去将会做某事”，用于表示过去将来时，常用于宾从中

。

2

Eg. ①He ______ take part in the English competition tomorrow.

②He said that he ______ take part in the English competition the next day. ③---I have come out without any money. ---Never mind. I _______(借)you some. ④---Come to the party. ---OK, I_______(带来) my friends.

2)

表经常性，习惯性，倾向性, would表过去反复的动作/某种倾向

Ex.①Fish ______ out of water. 鱼离开水就不能活. ②Oil ____ float on the water.

③The door _______ open. 这门打不开

④Before his retirement, he _______ catch the early bus every morning.在他退休之前，他每天早上总是赶坐早班车。

3)

表意愿,决心等

①

I______ do anything for you. 我愿为你做任何事.

②

None is so blind as those who ______ see. 不愿看的人眼最瞎.

③

If you____ ____ the book, I’ll lend it to you. 如果你愿意读这本书.我会把它借给你.

4)

表“请求/要求”(Will you/ Would you ...？) Eg.Will you close the window? 请你把窗户关上好吗?

5)

would like to do = want to do sth想要做某事

would like sth =want sth想要得到某物

eg.Would you like to go with me?

Would you like some cake?（疑问句中希望得到肯定回答时一般用some, 而不是any。）

6)

可用于祈使句附加疑问句(反义疑问句)

Ex.①Don’t go now, _____ you?

②Report it to the police, ____/ ____ you?

6.

Shall shall do sth ①“将会做某事”，常与第____ 人称连用，用于表示一般将来时, should do sth“过去将会做某事”，用于表示过去将来时，常用于宾从中

。

The group leader announced that we should （= would ）

begin to work soon. 小组长宣布：我们不久就开始工作。

A week ago，

I told him that I should （= would）

go to Beijing the next day. 一个星期以前，我告诉他我第二天就去北京。

②表征求意见（“让某人做某事，好不好”），用在第一、三人称

eg.Shall the reporters wait outside or what?____________________________(译)

③表允诺、威胁、警告、命令或根据规定有义务做，用于第二、第三人称

a.He shall have the book when I finish reading.(允诺)____________________________(译) b.You shall fail if you don't work harder.（警告）____________________________(译) c.You shall come at once.（命令）____________________________(译) ④表规章、法令、预言：“必须”,用于所有人称

Every competitor shall wear a number according to the regulation._________________(译)

7.

should should do sth

1)应该做某事=_____to do sth =be ______ to do sth ①表示道义上的责任，义务或要求

a.We ____ ______ the older and care for the younger.我们应该尊老爱幼。

b.---________he to go? 他应该去吗？

---Yes. I think he ought to. 是的，我认为他应该去。

c.You ______ _______ your test in time.你们应该按时做完你们的实验。

d.In sum，

theory _____ _____ ______ with practice.总之，理论应该与实验相结合。

②表建议

eg.You ought to /should pay more attention to what your lawyer says.

3

③表示推测和可能性，是“ (按理说)应该”之意,肯定的语气没有must用于推测时强

eg.This pen ought to /should be yours. They_______ ______home by now，

I think. 我想现在他们总该到家了吧。

2）should “竟会,居然”,用于疑问句中表示说话人对某事不能理解，愤怒、惊异等感情

Eg.

How should I know it ？

我怎么会知道这件事？

Why should you be so late today ？

你今天怎么来得这么晚？

I don't see any reason why he shouldn't be happy.我不明白为什么他居然不愉快。

3）should“万一”, 用在if引导的条件从句，表示一件事听起来可能性很小

①If you _____ fail to come, ask Mrs Chen to work in your place. 万一你来不了，就叫陈夫人代替你。

②If anyone ____ _______，

say I am not at home. 万一有人来访，就说我不在家。

③If it _____ ______ tomorrow，

I wouldn't go. 万一明天天下雨，我就不去了。

8.

比较need(____)和dare(____)

这两词既可做_____动词用，又可做_____动词用。作为情态动词，两者都只能用于疑问句，否定句和条件句。

need 作实义动词时后面的不定式必须带to，而dare作实义动词用时, 后面的to 时常可以被省略。

1) 实义动词：

need

（需要, 要求）need + n. / to do sth 2) 情态动词：

need，只用原形need do sth，否定形式为need not/ needn’t do sth ①----Need you go yet?

----Yes, I _____. / No, I _______. ②She ______ help.她需要帮助。

③I _________ to see the doctor.我不需要看病。

④You ______ try to explain. 你不需要解释。

⑤—_____ you need to go at once? 你需要马上走吗？

—Yes, I ______.是的，我得马上去。/ No, I ______.不，不用马上走。

⑥—_______ I answer the question? 我需要回答那个问题吗？

—Yes, you ______.是的，你必须回答。/No, you ______. ⑦He won’t dare _______ his promise.他不敢食言。

⑧I ____ _____ he did as he was told. 我敢说他按照要求做了。

3) need 的被动含义：need, want, require, deserve,be worth doing中主动形式表被动含义。

9.

had better表示"最好做某事"

had better do sth / had better not do sth eg.It is pretty cold. You'd better put on my coat.

She'd better not play with the dog.

10.

would rather表示"宁愿做某事"

would rather do /

would rather not do

would rather do A than do B

/ would do A rather than do B 宁愿做A事而不愿做B事。

Ex.①I _______ stay here than go home. = I _______ stay here rather than go home. ②---Shall we go skating or stay at home?

---Which ___ do?

A. do you rather

B. would you rather

C. will you rather

D. should you rather

11.

情态动词+ have +过去分词

1) may(might) have + done sth, can (could) have + done sth

“可能已经做了某事”，表示对过去情况的推测。

4

eg.Philip may (might) have been hurt seriously in the car accident. 2)must have +done sth“一定已经做了某事”，表示对过去情况的推测。

eg.--- Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here.

---She must have gone by bus. 注意：1）2）点要牢记口诀:can____,may____，must______，有理又有据。

3) could / might have done sth “本来可以做某事却没做”

Eg.He could have helped me yesterday, but he said he was too busy. 4）ought to /should have done sth

“本应该做某事，而事实上并没有做”

oughtn’t to /shouldn’t have done sth“本来不该做某事而做了”

eg.You ought to (should) have been more careful in this experiment.

He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.（事实上已扔了。）

5) needn't have done sth

本没必要做某事却做了

eg.I dressed very warmly for the trip, but I needn't have done so. The weather was ho 6) would like to have done sth

本打算做某事却做了

eg.I would like to have read the article, but I was very busy then. 7)

had better have done sth“最好已经做了某事却没有做”。

eg. You had better have come earlier. 8)

would rather have done sth“宁愿已经做了某事却没有做”

Eg.I would rather have taken his advice. What a pity!

自我检测：

1、---She looks very happy, she __ have passed the exam.

---I guess so. It’s not difficult after all. A.should

B.could

C.must

D.might 2、---What does the sign over there read? ---No person ____ smoke or carry a lighted cigar or pipe in this area. A.will

B.may

C.shall

D.must 3、My MP4 isn’t in my bag.

Where ____I put it? A.can

B.must

C.may

D.can 4、Helen

____go on the trip with us, but she isn’t quite sure yet. A.shall

B.must

C.may

D.can 5、---Do you know where

David is ? I couldn’t find him anywhere.

---Well. He _____ have gone far---his coat’s still here. A.shouldn’t

B.mustn’t

C.can’t

D.wouldn’t 6、---I don’t mind telling you what I know.

---You

____. I am not asking for it. A.mustn’t

B.may not

C.can’t

D.needn’t 7、You ____be tired, for you’ve only worked for an hour. A.mustn’t

B.won’t

C.can’t

D.may not 8、Tom , you ______ leave all your clothes on the floor like this! A.wouldn’t

B.mustn’t

C.needn’t

D.may

not 9、Some

aspects (方面) of a pilot’s job ______ be

boring, and pilots often have to work at inconvenient hours.

A.can

B.must

C.may

D.shall 10、He paid for a seat, when he ____ have entered free. A.could

B.would

C.must

D.need

5

11、We

hope that as many people as possible ______ join us for the picnic tomorrow. A.need

B.must

C.should

D.can 12、--- What’s the name?

---Khulaifi. _____ I spell that for you? A.Shall

B. Would

C.Might

D.Can

13、----Mr. Gordon asked me to remind you of the meeting this afternoon. Don’t forget it! ---OK. I ____. A.won’t

B.don’t

C.will

D.do 14、---Must he come to sign this paper himself?

----Yes , he ____. A.need

B.must

C.may

D.will 15、----Could I have a word with you, Mum?

---Oh dear, if you _____. A.can

B.must

C.may

D.should 16、---May I smoke here?

---If

you ___, choose a seat in the smoking section. A.should

B.could

C.may

D.must 17、A left-luggage office is a place where bags _____ be left for a short time, especially at a railway station. A.should

B.can

C.must

D.will 18、_____you be fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. A.Would

B.Should

C.Could

D.Might 19、----The room is so dirty. _____ we clean it?

---Of course. A.Will

B.Shall

C. Would

D. Do 20、---Is John coming by train?

---He should, but he ____ not. He likes driving his car. A.must

B.can

C.need

D.may 21、Oh, I’m not feeling well in stomach, I ____ so much fried chicken just now. A.shouldn’t eat

B.mustn’t have eaten C.shouldn’t have eaten D.mustn’t eat 22、How ____ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article?

A.can

B.must

C.need

D.may 23、----I hear you’ve got a set of valuable Australian Coins. ______I have a look? ---Yes ,certainly. A.Do

B.Shall

C.May

D.Will 24、---_______ he come to see you?

--- Of course , please. And I’d rather he ___ me the truth. A.shall, told

B.should, will tell

C.can , told

D.will, tell 25、When winter comes, _____ spring be far behind? A.must

B.should

C.may

D.can 26、My bicycle isn’t where

I put it. Who _____ have moved it? A.would

B.could

C.may

D.must 27、I tried to explain the problem to Mary, but she was so angry that she ____listen . A.shouldn’t

B.couldn’t

C.wouldn’t

D.mightn’t 28、When I was young, I ___get up at 5:00 and go for a long tiring walk to school after breakfast. A.would

B.could

C.must

D.might 29、_____ you make so much noise when I am doing my homework, Kate?

6

A.should

B.can

C.must

D.may 30、Swimming alone ______ be highly dangerous. Do be careful. A.may

B.can

C.need

D.would 31、Even if you are an experienced teacher, you sometimes ____ make some mistakes. A.can

B.must

C.should

D.will 32、If

you ____any further information, please don’t hesitate to contact us. A.should

B.would

C.could

D.might 33、According to the agreement, the net profit(纯利润) ____ be divided into three parts. A.must

B.should

C.may

D.shall 34、This ______ be a very popular place. Look, there is nobody else here. A.mustn’t

B.can’t

C.may not

D.won’t 35、The importance of saving gas ___ be stressed （强调）too much. A.shouldn’t

B.mustn’t

C.may not

D.can’t 36、Why _____ you be finding fault with the person who is really nice? A.do

B.can

C.should

D.must 37、I wonder how she _____ that to her parents. A.dares say

B.dare to say

C.dare say

D.not dare say 38、The warm-hearted neighbour ___take care of the little girl when her parents were on business, and they appreciated it very much. A.should

B.could

C.would

D.might 39、---I have heard you’ve written a book.

---Yes, the book ___ be out in a month or so. A.can

B.dare

C.should

D.need 40、---No one was prepared for Professor Hill’s question. ---I guess we ____the lesson last night. A.could read

B.ought read

C.should have read

D.should read 41、---Would you come back late next time?

---No, I ___. A.won’t

B.wouldn’t

C.shan’t

D.mustn’t 42、---______I tell Ann the test results? ---No, you needn’t. She ‘s already got the score report. A.May

B. Shall

C.Can

D. Dare 43、---Shall I go and buy two more bottles of beer? ---No, I’ve already bought 20. That ___be enough for us two. A.can

B.may

C.ought to

D.might 44、---Sure to get there on time ,_____ you?

---Of course, we ____. A.will, will

B.won’t, shall

C.don’t, do

D.can, must 45、---Would you be here tonight?

---Yes, I ___. A.will

B.shall

C.can

D.am 46、I was really anxious about you. You ____home without a word. A.mustn’t leave

B.shouldn’t leave

C.shouldn’t have left

D.can’t leave 47、Don’t push me ! ____ you know the truth right away? A..Must

B.Could

C.Might

D.Would 48、It is suggested that our plan for the project _____ as soon as possible.

7

A.be charged

B.must be charged

C.will be charged

D.is charged 49、Surprisingly, such a highly clever person____ fail to solve so simple a problem. A.would

B.should

C.need

D.may 50、How _____you learn English well when you have no interest in it ? A.dare

B.can

C.must

D.shall 51、If

it were not for the fact that she _____sing, I would invite her to the party. A.couldn’t

B.shouldn’t

C.can’t

D.might not 52、I’m sure you’d rather she went to school by bus,_____you? A.hadn’t

B.wouldn’t

C.aren’t

D.didn’t she 53、The workers will go on strike if the demands they ____put forward are turned down. A.could

B.would

C./

D.had 54、---Must he come to sign the paper himself?

---Yes, he ____. A.need

B.must

C.may

D.will 55、The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I __ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me. A.should have taken

B.could have taken

C.needn’t have taken

D.mustn’t have taken 56、As you worked late yesterday, you ____ have come this morning. A.mayn’t

B.can’t

C.mustn’t

D.needn’t 57、---Is Jack on duty today?

---It _____be him. It’s his turn tomorrow. A.mustn’t

B.won’t

C.can’t

D.needn’t 58、---I think I’ll give Bob a ring.

---You ____. You haven’t been in touch with him for ages. A.will

B.may

C.have

to

D.should 59、We forgot to bring our tickets, but please let us enter, ____? A.do you

B.can we

C.will you

D.shall we 60、----It’s getting cold.

---Yes, I’m afraid it ____ be snowing tonight. A.can

B.must

C.should

D.might 61、I guess you _____like something to drink, so I bought you some tea. A.could

B.ought

to

C.need

D.would 62、What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? There _____be twelve. A.should

B.would

C.will

D.shall 63、You ___buy a gift, but you can if you want to. A.must

B.mustn’t

C.have to

D.don’t have to 64、Peter ___be really difficult to talk with at

times even though he is a nice person in general. A.must

B.can

C.should

D.would 65、If I _____fail, I will try again.

A.should

B.can

C.must

D.shall

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