Learning about Language教学实录

Unit 5 Period 1 A plan for reading and language points (A VISIT TO THE ZHOUKOUDIAN CAVES) Introduction In this period, after the warming up, students will first be guided to pre-read by getting to know what archaeology or archeology is. Then they shall be reading for forms of language, copying and making sentences, transforming information. Students will be reading the text again for the type of writing and summary of A VISIT TO ZHOUKOUDIAN CAVES. They will be asked to write a passage of their own. The period will end by students reading more about Zhoukoudian.

Objectives To help students understand the text’s forms and contents and learn about ancestors To help students communicate on the topic in focus with the words, expressions and structures learned in this unit Focus Words identify, excavate, interrupt, assume, sharpen, scrape, preserve, applaud, accelerate, arrest Collocations Patterns regardless of, cut up, look ahead 1.

It is a great pleasure to

meet you, students from England, who are interested in archaeology.

2. You must be aware that

it’s here that

we’re found evidence of some of the earliest people who lived in this part of the world.

3. We have been excavating here for many years and …

4. My hands are dirty. I have been painting the wall.

5. It must have been very uncomfortable.

6．Do you mean to say they made their own clothes?

Aids

Multimedia facilities, tape-recorder, photos, diagrams

Procedures

1. Warming up by talking about ancestors An ancestor is a parent or (recursively) the parent of an ancestor. So this includes a father or mother, as well as grandparents, great-grandparents, and so on, although the correct female form of the word is "ancestrix", pl: "ancestrixes" or "ancestrices".

Two individuals have a genetic relationship if one is the ancestor of the other or if they share a common ancestor; in a curious use of language in evolutionary theory, this is called common descent. (Strictly speaking this may not be true for some bacteria and similar organisms which are capable of direct horizontal gene transfer.)

Some societies have had a form of ancestor worship; most modern societies seem to have focused this into genealogy. 2. Pre-reading by getting to know what archaeology or archeology is Archaeology or archeology is the study of human cultures through the recovery, documentation and analysis of material remains and environmental data, including architecture, artifacts, biofacts, human remains, and landscapes.

The goals of archaeology are to document and explain the origins and development of human culture, understand culture history, chronicle cultural evolution, and study human behaviour and ecology, for both prehistoric and historic societies. 3. Reading for forms of language At your first reading of the text it is usually best not to stop and consult your dictionary. This will interrupt your process of reading and understanding. Often the meaning of unfamiliar words and phrases becomes clear as you continue to read through the text. The dictionary can be used at a later stage.

Read the text to: cut/ the sentence into thought groups, blacken the predicates, darken the connectives and underline all the useful expressions.

4. Finding collocations and making sentences Why do we learn collocations?

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Your language will be more natural and more easily understood.

You will have alternative and richer ways of expressing yourself.

It is easier for our brains to remember and use language in chunks or blocks rather than as

single words. Now read the text and find the collocations. Collocations from A VISIT TO THE ZHOUKOUDIAN CAVES come to…for a visit 来……参观，show…around 带领……参观，a great pleasure to do… 非常乐意做……，be interested in… 对……感兴趣，find evidence of… 找到……的证据，in the caves higher up the hill 在高山上的洞穴里，regardless of the cold 不顾寒冷，keep warm 保暖，in the center of … 在……的中心，construct fires 生火，cook the food

做饭，

scare wild animals away 吓跑野兽，excavate layers of …挖掘一层层的……，keep the fire burning 让火一直着着，all winter

整个冬季，at the cave mouth 在洞口，to keep out the cold

御寒，

tell…about…

告诉……关于……，

show pictures of …, 展示……的照片，make the hole for …

挖一个……的洞，make one’s own clothes 做自己的衣服，

wear clothes made entirely of…

穿着完全由……制成的衣服，

use sharpened stone tools

使用尖利的石器，cut up… 切碎，

clean…from …把……从……去掉，

rub an ample amount of…inside the skin擦上大量的……在兽皮里，

make… soft enough

使……足够柔软，a primitive necklace一条原始的项链，care about… 在意……，from the seaside 从海边，

look very like…看起来非常像……，

part of a large shallow lake

一个很大的浅水湖的一部分，

miles from the sea,

离海几英里远

，travel to… 去……旅行，on the journeys 在旅途中，

follow the herds of animals跟着兽群，

grow own crops

种植谷物，

pick fruit 摘野果

5. Transforming information Where was the evidence of some of It's here that we’ve found evidence of some of the earliest the earliest people who lived in this people who lived in this part of the world.

part of the world found?

How could they live here?

How did they keep warm?

It is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves, regardless of the cold. Fireplaces in the centre of the caves have kept them warn, cooked the food and scared wild animals away as well.

What wild animals were there all Tigers and bears were the most dangerous enemies. that time ago? Do they repair things? Yes, they do. Where did they get the material They did indeed wear clothes made from animal skins.

for making their clothes?

Did early people really care about Yes they do. their appearance like we do?

6. Reading the text for the type of writing and summary of A VISIT TO ZHOUKOUDIAN CAVES Determining the type of writing will help you determine the author’s topic (subject), purpose (why he is writing), style (how he should write) and tone (his attitude toward his subject - supportive, condeming, objective, etc.) It is important to find main ideas when reading. Main ideas help you remember important information. The main idea of a paragraph tells the topic of the paragraph. The topic tells what all or most of the sentences are about. The other sentences in the paragraph are called details. Details describe or explain the main idea. Read the text to find the main idea.

A DIALOGUE ENTITLED: A VISIT TO THE ZHOUKOUDIAN CAVES MAIN IDEAS OF THE DIALOGUE: A group of students from England has come to the Zhoukoudian Caves for a visit. An archaeologist is showing them around.

DETAILED INFORMATION OF THE DIALOGUE: ●It's here that we’ve found evidence of some of the earliest people who lived in this part of the world. We have found human and animal bones in those caves higher up the hill as well as tools and ornaments.

●We have discovered fireplaces in the centre of the caves where they constructed fires.

We have been excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick, which suggests that they might have kept the fire burning all winter.

●We have been finding the bones of tigers and bears in the caves and we think these were their most dangerous enemies.

●Our evidence suggests they did indeed wear clothes made from animal skins.

●Perhaps there was trade between early peoples or they traveled to the seaside on their journeys.

7. Closing down by reading more about Zhoukoudian In December 1929, a Chinese paleoanthropologist named Pei Wenzhong discovered a complete

skull of "Peking Man" on Dragon Bone Hill northwest of Zhoukoudian, in the southwest suburbs of Beijing. Later, archaeologists unearthed 40-odd individually fossilized skeletons of "Peking Man", male, female, old and young, all at the same site. Zhoukoudian, therefore, became the most common site for human remains with the most abundant fossils in the world from the same period. The discovery pushed the history of Beijing's civilization back to some 600,000 years. These fossilized remains prove that "Peking Man" was primitive man in an evolutionary process from ancient ape to modern man, and is the ancestor of the Chinese nation.

Inside the 140-meter-long Peking Man Cave, stratum accumulation was of a depth of 40 meters. The inhabitants spanning more than 300,000 years left their remains, stone tools and traces of fire here. On Dragon Bone Hill were also found fossilized remains of Upper Cave Man, who lived 18,000 years ago, as well as sites of New Cave Man, who lived between Peking Man and Upper Cave Man.

In 1987, the Zhoukoudian caves were listed as one of the world cultural heritage site