Learning about Language优秀教学设计

Learning efficiently课后拓展—

高考细节理解失分原因分析教学设计

教学目标：

1、掌握细节理解题的命题规律；

2、掌握干扰项和正确选项之间的差异。

教学难点：掌握干扰项和正确选项之间的差异。

教学过程：

I.向学生展示（2018年考试大纲: 考核目标与要求 (二) 阅读理解

）

考生应能：

1. 理解主旨要义；2. 理解文中具体信息；3. 根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；4. 根据所读内容作出判断和推理；5. 理解文章的基本结构；

6. 理解作者的意图、观点和态度。

------------------------------------------------------------------- II.老师分析常见的失分类型

一、无中生有。选项中出现了文中没有提及的新的信息，范围扩大或缩小，把原文范围扩大了依然是错误的，将原文的特指（只适用于个体）变为泛指（适用于群体）；将原文的几个条件省略为一个条件。命题专家在设计干扰项时还会把文中提到的一种现象或内容扩大范围，把原先未包括的东西包括进去，原先未达到一定程度却被说成达到了这种程度，因为这些干扰项的内容也来自文章，文中有所涉及，这类干扰项也给考生做出正确选择增加了难度。

二、张冠李戴。也可称为偷换概念，即把原文中的一个概念变成一个新的概念，该类选项诱惑性并不是很强，考生只要仔细返回原文定位，肯定能够排除干扰。当选项中出现一个单词，经常是一词多义的时候，考生应警惕选项中的意思很有可能和原文的意思是不相同的。当选项中出现一个单词和原文中一个单词非常相似，或者就是一个词，只要词性发生变化，一般都是错误答案。

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三、以偏概全。阅读过程中，我们可能会发现文章中提到几点，在一个备选项中却只出现其中一种或两种情况，这种干扰项的特点是以偏概全，以部分代替整体。这样的干扰项通常在细节题中较多见。

四、表里不一。干扰项的内容常涉及原文中提及的一些内容或现象，但选项的意思可能与原文恰恰相反。命题者设计这样的干扰项主要是利用文章信息量大的特点，考生可能不一定有时间一一找到选项在原文的出处。有些干扰项似乎与原文的意思很符合，但只是按照字面意思进行解释，并不能体现文章中作者想表达的意思。这样的干扰项常常混淆视听，造成理解错误和选择错误。

III.数据分析：阅读理解失分大

全卷

广州调研考

1卷

2卷

阅读理解

七选五

书面表达

95.71

58.17

37.55

25.95

8.00

18.52

94.44

55.00

39.44

22.57

7.57

19.38

开学考

1.开学考回顾：叫一位学生分析干扰项和正确选项之间的不同，指出错误原因

B On her first morning in America last summer, my daughter went out to explore her new neighborhood alone, without even telling my wife or me. Of course we were worried; we had just moved from Berlin, and she was just 8. But when she came home, we realized we had no reason to panic. Beaming with pride, she told us how she had discovered the little park around the corner, and had made friends with a few local dog owners. When this story comes up in conversations with American friends, we usually meet with polite disbelief. Most are horrified by the idea that their children might roam (闲逛) around without adult supervision. …

4. Hearing the author's daughter exploring the new neighborhood alone, his American friends feel_______. （难度: 0.36）

A. worried B. proud C. doubtful D. terrified C 2

In 2012, James Cameron made a journey to the deepest spot in the Mariana Trench, known as Challenger Deep. And now the great journey has been made into a documentary(记录片)film, named James Cameron's Deep-sea Challenger 3-D. In James Cameron's fantasy films, such as Avatar and The Abyss, the unexplored areas are decorated in colours and full of danger. But on his dive into Challenger Deep, the reality proved far different: white, deserted and dull. 9. What is the unexplored ocean like? （难度: 0.28）

A. Colourful and dangerous.

B. Boring and deserted. C. White and attractive. D. Small and dull.

2.高考全真模拟卷（一）

--- 阅读理解失分原因剖析/干扰项特征 满分: 利、辰、彬、霞、邦、萍、晓婷 题号

23

24

32

33

正选

B

A

D

A

错选

A/C

B

A

C

3.学生两人一组分别说出他们的观点

4.老师总结归纳

5.讲透一题

：限时训练8分钟，然后小组讨论答案

A (2011四川卷)

It’s 5:00 in the morning when the alarm (闹钟) rings in my ears. I roll out of bed and walk blindly through the dark into the bathroom. I turn on the light and put on my glasses. The house is still as I walk downstairs while my husband and three kids sleep peacefully. Usually I go for a long run, but today I choose my favorite exercise DVD Insanity. Sweat pours down my face and into my eyes. My heart races as I face my body to finish each movement. As I near the end of the exercise, I feel extremely tired, but a smile is on my face. It’s not a smile because the DVD is over, but a smile of success from pushing my body to its extreme limit. 3

Some people enjoy shopping, smoking, food, work, or even chocolate. But I need exercise to get through each day. Some shake heads when they see me run through the town. Others get hurt when I refuse to try just one bite of their grandmother’s chocolate cake. They raise their eyebrows, surprised by my “no thank you,” or by my choice to have a salad. Over the years, I have learned it’s okay to just say “no.” I shouldn’t feel sorry for refusing food that I don’t want to eat.

So what drives me to roll out of bed at 5:00 a.m.? What gives me the reason to just say no to ice cream? Commitment. A commitment to change my life with a way that reduces daily anxiety, increases self–confidence and energy, extends life and above all improves my body shape. This is the point where a smile appears on my face as I look at myself in the mirror or try on my favorite pair of jeans that now fit just right. It’s through commitment and sweat that I can make a difference within myself inside and out. 41. Why is there a smile on the author’s face in the morning?

A. Because she sees her family sleeping peacefully. B. Because she finishes her favorite exercise C. Because she enjoys the interesting DVD D. Because she feels a sense of achievement 42. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 2？

A. She doesn’t like others politely

B. She likes to make others surprised C. Others don’t understand what she does.

D. Others try to help her by offering her food 43. What does the underlined word “Commitment” in the last paragraph mean?

A. Good health B. Firm belief C. A strong power D. A regular half 44. What can we learn about the author from the text? A. She acts in a strange way B. She wants to look different from others C. She aims to develop a good body shape D. She has difficult getting along with others

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IV.Homework:举一反三 B (2016全国卷2)

Five years ago, when I taught art at a school in Seattle, I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term to find out something about my students. I put a small set of Tinkertoys in front of each student, and said: ”Make something out of the Tinkertoys. You have 45 minutes today - and 45 minutes each day for the rest of the week.”

A few students hesitated to start. They waited to see what the rest of the class would do. Several others checked the instructions and made something according to one of the model plans provided. Another group built something out of their own imaginations. Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time. His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home. I was delighted at the presence of such a student. Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work. His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect (感染) other students. Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare, ” But I’m just not creative.”

“Do you dream at night when you’re asleep?”

“Oh, sure.”

“So

tell me one of your most interesting dreams.” The student would tell something wildly imaginative. Flying in the sky or in a time machine or growing three heads. “That’s pretty creative. Who does that for you?”

“Nobody. I do it.”

“Really-at night, when you’re asleep?”

“Sure.”

“Try doing it in the daytime, in class, okay?”

25. The teacher used Tinkertoys in class in order to ________? A. know more about the students B. make the lessons more exciting C. raise the students’ interest in art D. teach the students about toy design 5

26. What do we know about the boy mentioned in Paragraph 3? A. He liked to help his teacher. B. He preferred to study alone. C. He was active in class. D. He was imaginative. 27. What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?

A. Mistake. B. Drawback. C. Difficulty. D. Burden. 28. Why did the teacher ask the students to talk about their dreams? A. To help them to see their creativity. B. To find out about their sleeping habits. C. To help them to improve their memory. D. To find out about their ways of thinking. C (2016全国卷2) Reading can be a social activity. Think of the people who belong to book groups. They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them. Now, the website BookCrossing.com turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group. Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share. BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book. Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it. Bruce Pederson, the managing director of BookCrossing, says, “The two things that change your life are the people you meet and books you read. BookCrossing combines both.”

Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee shops. Whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it. People who find a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it. E-mails are then sent to the BookCrossers to keep them updated about where their books have been found. Bruce Pederson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home. BookCrossing is part of a trend among people who want to get back to the “real” and not the virtual(虚拟). The site now has more than one million members in more than one hundred thirty-five countries. 29. Why does the author mention book groups in the first paragraph? A. To explain what they are. 6

B. To introduce BookCrossing. C. To stress the importance of reading. D. To encourage readers to share their ideas. 30. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

A. The book. B. An adventure. C. A public place. D. The identification number. 31. What will a BookCrosser do with a book after reading it? A. Meet other readers to discuss it. B. Keep it safe in his bookcase. C. Pass it on to another reader. D. Mail it back to its owner. 32. What is the best title for the text? A. Online Reading: A Virtual Tour B. Electronic Books: A new Trend C. A Book Group Brings Tradition Back D. A Website Links People through Books 7