Grammar第二课时教学实录

选修6M1

Grammar Teaching goals

教学目标

1. Target language目标语言

a. 重点词汇和短语

obligation, lack of obligation, suggestion, expensive, refund b. 重点句式

You mustn’t do ...

P4

You didn’t need to ...

P4

You don’t have to ...

P4

You needn’t have done ...

P6

2. Ability goals能力目标

Enable the students to talk about obligation or lack of obligation. 3. Learning ability goals学能目标

Help the students learn how to talk about obligation or lack of obligation. Teaching important & difficult points教学重难点

How to talk about obligation and lack of obligation. Teaching methods

教学方法

Generalization.

Teaching aids

教具准备

A computer and a projector.

Teaching procedures & ways教学过程与方式

Step I Revision and Lead-in Check the homework.

T: Rewarding and enjoyable communication between people is one of the most important parts of life. Throughout each day most people are experiencing a wide variety of communicative situations. For example, at school we must communicate with classmates, teachers or others. In order to meet the needs of everyday living it is necessary to learn some social skills. But still, some people don’t have social skills. Why?

Ask the students to show their work.

A sample version:

Social skills are those communication, problem-solving, decision making,

self-management, and peer relations abilities that allow one to start and keep good social relationships with others. They may have strong effect on our life. If you have poor social skills, other kids don’t like you and won’t com-municate with you.

But still, some of us never learned “proper behavior” for social situations in which they must communicate with others. Perhaps they did not receive this guidance in the home because of lack of training by elders. Perhaps they did have good role models in the home and neighborhood who have “proper” behavior, but didn’t pick it up as well as most kids.

Some kids work hard to show the new and better behaviors they’ve been told to show but are still not welcome by others. The reason is perhaps they didn’t behave well or maybe because others don’t think their newly learned behaviors “natural” or true. At other times, some may still fail because they have difficulty controlling their behavior when unexpected things occur.

Anyway, we should form a good habit right from now and try to practice good social skills in every situation.

T: Among these necessary and important social skills, there are certain social rules we should follow. For example, there are always things we are obliged to do or we needn’t do at all. Next, we’ll learn the way to talk about it.

Step Ⅱ Function

Task 1:

Present a group of sentences and encourage the students explain their meanings.

1. You must finish your homework on time. 2. You have to finish your homework on time. 3. You need to finish your homework on time. 4. You mustn’t play with fire. 5. You don’t have to go to work on Sunday.

6. You don’t need to go to work on Sunday.

7. You needn’t go to work on Sunday.

8. You needn’t have gone to work on Sunday.

9. You didn’t need to go to work on Sunday.

T: Work in pairs and discuss the meanings of these sentences.

Sample answers:

S1: The first sentence means that the speaker thinks that it is necessary to finish homework on time.

S2: The second sentence means that you are forced to finish your homework on time. S3: The third sentence means that it is necessary for you to finish your homework on time.

S4: The fourth sentence means that you are forbidden to play with fire. S5: The fifth, sixth and seventh sentences mean that it isn’t necessary to go to work on Sunday.

S6: The eighth sentence means that you went to work on Sunday. But it wasn’t necessary. S7: The ninth sentence means that it wasn’t necessary for you to go to work on Sunday and you didn’t in fact, either.

T: And do you know which sentences express obligation and which lack of obligation? S8: I think sentences with must, have to, need express obligation and those with don’t have to, don’t need to, needn’t have done and didn’t need to do can express lack of obligation.

T: But what about mustn’t?

S9: I think it refers to obligation. Task 2: Ask the students to do Activity 1 to Activity 4 on pages 4-5 and then check the answers.

Step Ⅲ Grammar Task 1: Learn the grammar

T: After learning the FUNCTION part we’ve known how to talk about obligation and lack of obligation. Next, we will specially go into the difference between

needn’t have done and didn’t need to. Let’s make out the difference between them. Needn’t have done means that you did something, but it wasn’t necessary while didn’t need to do means it wasn’t necessary for you to do something, and you didn’t do that indeed or you did. Now let’s look at the following examples.

Show the following.

1. That’s all settled. It needn’t to be talked about.

Still, she needn’t have run away.

You need not have gone there yesterday. We had plenty of bread, so I needn’t have bought a loaf.

They needn’t have been punished so severely.

2. Oh, mother, really you didn’t need to dust them.

I think you didn’t need to be impolite to her.

And you didn’t need to feel surprised.

So you didn’t need to hurry with you homework.

Then ask the students to finish Activities 1-4 on pages 6-7. And then check the answer.

Task 2: Practice T: Now let’s go on to finish Activities 1-3 in Grammar in the workbook on pages 67-68. Then check the answer with the whole class.

Task 3: Summary

T: Today we have learned to talk about obligation or lack of obligation. Practice them in different occasions.

Step Ⅳ Homework

1. Review the expressions of obligation or lack of obligation.

2. Find some information on email writing.