Learning about Language优秀教学实录

Unit5 meeting your ancestors Part I words and phrases in the vocabulary Reading I 1.

Identify I identified the coat at once. It was my brother’s. It is impossible to identify the man among so many people. The body is still not identified. 我立即认出了那件外衣。那是我兄弟的。

在这么多人中要认出那个人是不可能的。

那尸体依然身份不明。

【拓展】

1）

Identify sb/ sth as sb / sth 确认/证明某人/某物是某人/某物

She identified the man as her attacker. 她认出那个男子就是袭击她的人。

2）

Identify sth with sth 认为某事物与另一事物等同

Wealth can not be identified with happiness. 财富不等于幸福。

2.

Alternative 1）n. （两者或以上）选择；二选其一；可供选择的东西；替代物

You have the alternative of speaking or keeping quiet. We took the alternative of walking. I had no money, so I had no alternative to staying at home. 你或者发言，要不然就保持沉默。

我们选择步行。

我没有钱，

所以除了待在家里别无选择。（ have no alternative to sth/ doing sth.）

2) have no alternative but to do sth (除。。。之外别无选择) 3) adj. 另一可选用的；其他的

An alternative means 另一种方式

An alternative suggestion 其他的建议

The way is blocked, so we had to go by an alternative road.这条路被封锁了，我们只好走另外一条路。

3.

Starvation die from/ of starvation = starve to death 饿死

4.

Accuracy n. Accurate adj.

They questioned the accuracy of the information in the file. 他们质疑档案中信息的准确性。

Accurate information / data 准确的信息/资料

5.

Interrupt 打断。。。讲话 = cut in She kept cutting in our conversation. She kept interrupting our conversation. She kept interrupting us. 6.

assume 1)

假设/认为

1

I assume that it is so. 我假定它是这样。

I assume that this is the best possible translation. 我认为这可能是最好的译文。

= Ｉassume the possible translation the best. ( assume + O + C ) 2)

担任/承担

I assumed the responsibility 3)

装作

He assumed a look of surprise. 他装出吃惊的样子。

4)

Assuming that-clause 假定。。。

（经常在句中做状语）

Assuming he was absent, what should we do? 假定他不在，我们该咋办？7.

at most at ( the ) most 顶多/至多

at ( the) least 至少

there were 50 people there, at the very most. 那儿最多只有50人

8.

sharpen adj. + - en V.

widen / largen / ripen please sharpen the pencil with a knife. With a sharpen knife, he cut up all the meat. 9.

cut up 切碎/切割；

使伤心

This machine is used to cut up vegetables. He was badly cut up when his friend died. 他的朋友去世了，他伤心极了。

【拓展】



Cut into 砍成碎片



Cut in 插嘴 = interrupt 

Cut across 抄近路



Cut down 砍到；削减



Cut…in half 

Cut …in two 

Cut…into halves 将。。。切成两半



Cut off 切断；割掉；截断（退路等）



Cut out 切去，剪去，删去

10.

ample 足够的；丰裕的 ample opportunity/evidence/ space / proof

11.

messy---adj. mess ---n. make a mess (of)…..

the kids made a mess in the bathroom. 孩子们把浴室搞得一塌糊涂。

I feel I have made a mess of things. 我觉得我把事情搞糟了。

The office was always messy. 办公室总是一团糟。

12.

analysis---n. analyze--- v.

13.

ripen ripe + -en ----v.

14.

significance---n. 重要性/意义

significant ----adj. 有重大意义的

the new drug has great significance for the treatment of the disease. 这种新药对于这种病的治疗有重大意义。

A significant smile/ look 意味深长的微笑/眼神

15.

somehow不知怎么地；通过某种途径

2

We must get there before ten somehow.

我们必须在10点中前赶到那里。（

somehow 好像没翻译出来。可以说:无论如何，我们必须在十点钟前赶到。赶到的方式未知---通过某种途径）

Somehow I don’t like him. 不知怎么地，我不喜欢他。

16.

systematic adj ------system 【n.】

a systematic approach to solving the problem. 系统解决问题的办法。

17.

delete ------delete sth from sth.= remove sth from sth your name has been deleted from the list. 18.

fed up with ------ sb be fed up with …

I am fed up with the job. 我厌烦了这份工作。

19.

division--- n. divide --- v. divide …into…

divide the apple into two halves. 把这个苹果分成两半

20.

applaud vt/ vi 鼓掌欢迎；赞赏

The crowd applauded the performance fro five minutes. 群众为演出鼓掌5分钟。

（大家主语汉语和英语的不同，不要用 applaud for the performance）

I applauded your decision. 我赞成你的决定。

21.

look ahead 向前看；为将来打算/设想/谋划

He looked ahead in order to find his mother. If only she had looked ahead and planned better.

要是她能提前计划得更好些多好啊！

【拓展】

Look back (on sth ) 回顾自己的过去

Look down on sb / sth 看不起某人/物

Look forward to sth / doing sth 期待某事物

Look out 当心

Look on sb / sth as 将某人/ 物看做

22.

arrest n./ v under arrest / repair / construction 在拘留中/修理中/建设中

23.

accelerate 加速= speed up 24.

date back ------date back to = date from 追溯到。。。

The college dates from 1880. = The college dates back to 1880. Part 2 words and phrases in the readings 1.

when you have come to a conclusion （page37）

in conclusion 总而言之

draw a conclusion from reach a conclusion arrive at a conclusion 2.

make a tentative guess about …. 关于。。。做试探性的猜测

3.

show sb round show sb around (some place)

3

带领某人参观（某地）

show sb in/out 领某人进来/ 出来 4.

as well as 除。。。以外还有；和。。。一样也。。。

1）

连接两个并列的成分，前后在词性、形式上应保持一致。

2）

As well as 连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数应与as well as 前的主语保持一致。

3）

As well as 连接两个谓语动词时，其后的动词要用-ing 形式。

5.

regardless of 介词词组

不管/不顾 = without worrying about or taking account of =Paying no attention to… They decorated the house regardless of cost. He continued speaking, regardless of my feeling on this matter. 他们不惜工本装修这间房子。

他不顾我在这件事上的感情继续说。

【注意】regardless 副词

6.

As well 也

7.

Keep out 8.

Continue doing sth = continue to do sth 9.

An ample amount of 留意ample 修饰amount 10.

Care about 关心

Care for 喜欢

11.

Well preserved 保存完好

12.

Used to do Be used to do sth Be used to doing sth 不再解释，请理解清楚

13.

Early peoples 注意people 用了复数

，指“民族”

14.

The herds of animals 一群动物 Reading II 15.

In wait for sb 16.

Reach one’s destination 到达目的地

17.

With relief Relief [n.]减轻；消除；宽慰；------ relieve [v] 解除；缓和 They are doctors working for the relief of suffering. The drugs brought him some relief from the pain. The government has taken measures to relieve unemployment. 他们是医生，为解除病痛而工作。

药物稍稍缓和了他的痛楚。

政府已采取措施来减少失业。

4

Relief from sth 缓和。。。。

Breathe a sigh of relief 舒了一口气

To my relief 使我舒了一口气

18.

Pronounced eyebrows and cheekbones 眉毛很重，颧骨很高

19.

Hand … over to sb把。。。交给某人

Part 3 some important or difficult patterns Reading I 1.

It is a great pleasure to meet you students from England,, who are interested in archaeology. 1）Pleasure 【u】／

【C】

属于一类名词。可以有两种性质的名词，即可数与不可数。

An honour A failure A surprise A success A comfort A worry A good knowledge (of… ) A beauty A wonder A shame A danger A joy 一个/ 件令人感到荣耀的人或事

一个/件失败的人或事

一个/件令人吃惊的人或事

一个/件成功的人或事

一个/件令人安慰的人或事

一个/ 件令人感到烦恼的人或事

丰富的知识

一个/件美人或美丽的事物

一个/件令人感到惊奇的人或事

一个/件可耻/可惜的人或物

一个/件令人感到危险的人或事

一个/件令人高兴的人或物

2）it is a great pleasure for sb to do sth 2.

You must be aware that it is here that we found evidence of some of the earliest people who lived in this part of the world. 1)

Be aware of …. Be aware that—clause 2)

Must + do 表示对现在某事的推测 时态

现在某事

现在某事

时态

过去某事

过去某事

虚拟语气：

时态

过去

结构

意义

Could +have done 过去某事本可能发生，却没有发生

肯定式

Must have done May/might done 否定式

Can/could have done 推测程度

not 可能性很大

not 可能性稍小

肯定式

Must do May/ might do 否定式

Can/could not do May/might not do 推测程度

可能性很大

稍小

have May/might have done

5

过去

Should (not)have 表示过去本该发生，而实际上并没有发done; 生。

Ought (not) to have done Need (not) have 本不必要做某事，而实际上已经做了

done Would rather 但愿过去做（没做）过

（ not） have done Had better have 过去最好做了。。。

done 过去

过去

过去

3.

We have been excavating here for many years. 现在完成进行时态

《现在完成时态》：

构成

用法

Have / has done 1)过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果

常用状语：already/yet/not…yet/ just 例句：His watch has gone wrong.( His watch went wrong and it is now in bad condition) 2)过去已经开始，持续到现在，常用状语：today/ this week/ lately/ 而且还可能继续下去的动作或recently/ these days/ in the past few 状态

days/ during the last two weeks/ since two days ago/ fro a long time 例句：He hasn’t given me any more trouble since then. 3)从过去开始到目前为止这段时间中反复发生的动作

现在完成进行时态

构成

用法

Have/ has been doing 1）翻译成：“一直。。。”

2）和表示间隔的时间状语连用

3）过去开始，现在刚刚开始的动作，有时表示现在时间的原因。

David has been writing letters to me. She has been practiced playing the piano once every week. My hands are very dirty. I have been painting the car. 常用状语：often/ always/ every week 例句：I have often seen him in the library.

4.

It must have been very uncomfortable. 表示对过去所发生事情的推测。可能性大。

Must have done 否定式及疑问式可用 could Can / could not have done Could + 主语+ have done 5.

We have been excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick, which suggests that they might have kept the fire burning all winter. 1）

体会现在完成进行时态的用法

6

2）

Which引导的非限制性定语从句

3）

Keep the fire burning all winter. ( keep + O + C ) 6.

We think they might have hung animal skins at the cave mouth to keep out the cold during the freezing winter. 1）Might have hung 表示对过去所发生事情的推测。可能性小

2） keep… out of…. 把。。。挡在。。。外面

Keep out the dog Keep the dog out Keep the dog out of the classroom 7.

It seems to be made of bone. It---- a needle 注意体会为什么用动词不定式的被动式。

8.

Did they wear clothes made entirely of animal skins?

过去分词做定语, 修饰 clothes. 9.

They were heavy to cut and sew together. 形容词后的动词不定式要用主动式。

10.

Our evidence suggests that they did wear clothes made from animals skins. 谓语的强调

11.

We continue discovering tools that were sharpeners for other tools. Continue to do / doing sth 12.

It seemed that they used the sharpened stone tools to cut up animals and remove their skin. It seems/ seemed that –clause…

13.

What do you think it is made of? Do you think 插入语

插前的句子：What is it made of? 插后的句子：What do you think it is of? 留意划线部分，总结规律。

【注意】能用于插入语的动词常用的还有：say/suppose/guess/believe ----- _______ he has gone? ----- yes, he has gone to Beijing. A．Do you know where B. Where do you know C. Do you suppose where D. where you think 14.

As the botanical analyses have shown us, all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake. As 引出的非限制性定语从句。“正如植物分析给我们所显示的”

As is known to all, the moon travels round the earth. 15.

We know that they moved around, following the herds of animals. 现在分词做状语。

His parents died, leaving him a lot of money. (结果状语) We were sitting by the window, talking about what happened yesterday.（伴随状语）

A crowd of children ran out of the classroom, laughing and talking merrily. Reading II 16.

Worried about the preparations for the feast, Lala quickly turned for home with

7

her collection of nuts, melons and other fruit. 形容词短语做状语 （ Lala was worried about the preparations for the feast）

17.

If only it could be just like last year! 要是今年的宴会像去年的该多好！

If only she had looked ahead and planned better this year! 时态

过去

现在

将来

形式

Had done Did/ were /could Could / would do; did 功能

表示过去不能实现的愿望，常含有后悔、惋惜的意思

表示与现在事实相反的假设，表示遗憾、惋惜等

表示与将来可能相反的假设

If only she had had more courage! 那时她要是有勇气该多好啊! If only I were rich! 我要是富有，那该多好啊！

If only it would stop raining! 要是雨能停该多好！

18.

It was a great honour for her to be chosen. It be a/an adj + n for sb to do sth 【注意】

动词不定式主动与被动的选择取决于和前边sb 之间的关系。

= have the honor to do… In honour of 为了纪念

（表示敬仰）

With honours 以优异成绩

An honor to sb He passed the examinations with honours. He is an honor to his parents. 19.

She remembered the blood pulsing through her veins. Remember doing sth. （

记得某事做过）

其中句子中的blood 是动名词 pulsing 的逻辑主语。不是remember 的宾语。

The blood pulsing 一块做remember 的宾语。

20.

Then she wouldn’t have been feeling so worried now. 虚拟语气

21.

①Having heard wolves howling in the forest, Lala accelerated her walk up the path to the caves fearing that there might be wild beasts ②lying in wait for her. ①现在分词做状语。这里用现在分词的完成式，强调分词的动作发生在谓语动词之前。

②lying in wait for her 现在分词做伴随状语

词

Lie Lie lay 词意

躺

撒谎

放置/产卵

过去式

lay lied laid 过去分词

lain lied laid 现在分词

lying lying laying

22.

She had almost reached her destination when a delicious smell arrested her progress. When….“突然”

Be doing …. when …. 正在做。。。突然。。。

Be going to do…. when…. Be on the point of sth/ doing sth …. when….. 正准备做。。。突然。。。

8

Be about to do sth ……. when….. 23.

The smell of cooking meat filled the air surrounding her. 现在分词做定语，修饰the air. 和the air 为主谓关系

24.

Abruptly she sat down, only to be scooped up by her laughing, shouting sister. 不定式在句中做结果状语，表示一种出乎预料的结果，且不定式短语经常用逗号和主句隔开。

He hurried to the station, only to be told that the train had left. 25.

Lala’s spirits rose Rise (rose/risen) vi Raise (raised/raised) vt Arise (arose/ arisen) vi Part 4 grammars

9 留意词性