Using LanguageⅠ名师教学设计

人教版选修八第四单元Pygmalion Using Language:Making the bet

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者：竺新平工作单位：浙江省绍兴市阳明中学

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一、教材文本

本文选自George Bernard Shaw的名作“Pygmalion”。萧伯纳是现实主义戏剧家，其作品多数批判了资本主义的黑暗。以希腊神话故事为原型的同名社会讽刺剧Pygmalion，通过描写Higgins教授训练一名贫苦卖花女成功冒充公爵夫人的故事，抨击了当时英国腐朽保守的等级意识。而Using Language部分选取的是该剧的Act Two, Scene1：The next day, Higgins and Pickering are sitting in Higgins's laboratory when Eliza comes in and demands speech lessons. Pickering bets Higgins he can't turn Eliza into someone who speaks English like a duchess; Higgins takes the bet. 该幕使读者在幽默讽刺的氛围中，感受那些所谓的上流社会优雅的谈吐，只能说明他们文化高一些，而并非灵魂的干净。相反语言粗俗的卖花女心灵更加纯净，她没有上流社会的虚伪，一切都显得那么自然，这才是真正的人性。本文语言丰富俏皮、人物形象栩栩如生，适合高中生品读与表演，同时激励自己要有勇气和抱负，珍惜受教育的机会，挖掘自己潜力，不断提升自己，追求自己的梦想，实现真正的人生价值。

二、教学目标

基于学科核心素养的四大能力要素：语言能力、文化意识、思维品质和学习能力构建教学目标，达成综合视野下各相关维度的综合与平衡。

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语言能力：语言学习包括主题语言和功能语言两大维度，通过文本各个阶段的解读与学习，理解、把握和运用以下语言：



主题语言：

—Language related to “language”: distinguish, pronounce distinct vowel sounds, make records on wax disks, be in need of pronunciation and grammar, begin with the alphabet —Language related to“bet”: pass her off as a lady, referee, pay for the lessons

—Language related to “characterization”:

Speeches: young lady, once more, deliciously low

Thoughts: hesitate to do, resign to sth., compromise to sth. Actions: show sb. in, curtsy to sb., sob, weep Looks: dirty nails, a shabby dress, horrible clothes, Characteristics:arrogant, snobbish, self-important, considerate, ambitious 

功能语言：

I rather fancied myself because...; but .... beat me.(praise the other side and show admiration) It’s the best offer I’ve had.(insult sb. in an ironic way) I’d never have come if I’d known about this disgusting thing.(show regret)

2. 文化意识：

通过本文的学习，学生能领悟“打赌”故事背后的主题意义。依据appearance, manners, speeches而划分阶级层次并以此认定人的社会地位是肤浅的、可笑的、讽刺的，真正的人的社会地位应该是抱负、教育、努力与纯洁的本质共同作用而得以实现的，这才是人们该有的人生观与价值观。联系实际，作为学生，应珍惜接受教育的机会，树立远大的志向，通过自身努力，追求自己的梦想，实现人生价值。

3. 思维品质：

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系统思维：根据标题的主题词bet, 把握文本“打赌背景、打赌协议、打赌计划”的情节发展线索。并顺着线索解读文本，形成融合“主题语言”及“主题观点”于一体的思维导图。



逻辑思维：通过对用词的品味，感受反讽的语气。通过对心理的揣摩，体会人物的个性。通过角色之间动作与态度的比较，体会鲜明的反差并思考其背后的社会根源。

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批判思维：通过基于关键文本信息的拓展性思考，透过现象看本质，学会客观审视、

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辩证思维，理性把握主题观点。

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创新思维：通过读后续写，促使其在文本解读的基础上将主题语言、写作技巧创造性地迁移和运用在读后写作任务中。

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学习能力：在文本的解读中把握相关的赏析戏剧的有效策略，如：

—

Learn to appreciate a play by reading lines and stage directions. —

Predict the plot of the passage according to the title of the scene. —

Try to understand the characters’ personalities by listening to their tones. —

Try to understand characters according to descriptions of their speeches, thoughts,

actions and looks.

—

Learn to explore the theme by focusing on the usage of writing devices such as,

contrast, irony and symbolism.

三、教学步骤

Step 1. Review the former act and predict the following scene. Review Act One: Who are the three characters in Act One? What are their identities? Who boasts that Eliza can be passed off as a duchess in three months? What’s Eliza’s reaction to his words? Here is a suspense:Is it possible? What’s the function of a suspense? Henry Higgins is an expert in phonetics. Studying the science of speech is his profession and his hobby as well.Eliza is a poor girl who sells flowers in the street.Colonel Pickering is an army officer and is also a student of Indian dialects.Henry Higgins boasts that he can pass Eliza off as a duchess in three months. Though Eliza feels doubtful ,she is hopeful about that. 【设计意图】复习前一场的人物、身份，以及Higgins自诩能将卖花女打造成公爵夫人的能力，尽管Eliza心存疑虑，但眼中流露出了满满的期待，这可能吗？用这一悬念过渡到本节课的阅读。A suspense attracts readers for further reading. Read for prediction:

Can you predict the content of the passage according to the title?

What questions come into your mind by just looking at the title?

Read the passage quickly to see whether you can find the answers to the questions. Why is the bet made? What’s the bet about? How do the two sides plan for the bet? Who wins the bet? 【设计意图】根据标题预测文本内容, 然后通过快速阅读策略检测文本内容是否符合预测，即文中是否包含一般的打赌过程，即打赌的背景，达成的协议，为获胜而做的计划以及打赌的结果。本文情节正是如此，涉及the setting of the bet, the compromise to the bet, the plan for the bet,但文中没有提及the consequence of the bet。通过标题预测及快速阅读，梳理文本情节线索，构建系统性思维。从戏剧看,情节是戏剧的核心,而标题如同“眼睛”，能帮助读者窥探到文章的主要内容。A title conveys the main plot and hooks readers.

Step 2. Read and analyze the passage by means of literary elements The setting of the bet(Lines1-6): Read Lines from 1-6 and clarify the setting: time, place, characters and the affair they are doing.

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Listen to the sentence (laughing) Well, that comes with practice. Consider why Higgins laughs.

(He is proud of his talent for language.He is fond of teaching others.He is confident about himself as an expert in phonetics.He is pleased with Pickering’s praise.) How does Pickering praise Higgins?

(I rather fancied myself because I can pronounce twenty-four distinct vowel sounds; but your one hundred and thirty beat me. I can't distinguish most of them.) 【设计意图】根据高中英语学业质量水平标准，能根据重音、语调、节奏的变化，理解说话人所表达的意义、意图和情感态度。而Laughter can reveal about a person's personalities，因此截取了Higgins笑的片段，从Higgins的笑声中体会他自大、好为人师的性格特点。

The setting of the bet(Lines7-17) And at that time who enters the room? What’s the purpose of Mrs Pearce’s entering the room?

How does Mrs Pearce say the sentence“A young girl is asking to see you”？

Why is Mrs Pearce hesitating to tell her master about a girl’s visit?

(Because she thinks that the girl is quite a common kind of girl, judging by her dirty nails. Her upper class master is unlikely to be related with such a lower class girl. ）

Now that Eliza is common, why doesn’t Mrs Pearce refuse her request about seeing Higgins?

（Higgins has a hobby that he will use people with different accents for studying speech）

Is Higgins interested in the girl? What does Higgins say? Does Mrs Pearce look down upon the poor girl?( snobbish) Is it reasonable to identify one’s social class by physical appearance, such as dirty nails? (Shallow) 【设计意图】通过Mrs Pearce犹豫的语气，揣摩她的心理活动，仅仅根据脏指甲这样的细微之处就判断来访者为身份普通的女孩，和高贵的主人不可能有联系，又考虑到Higgins有研究不同口音的爱好，因此通报时犹豫不决。反映了她势利的性格特点，显然，根据外表判断人的阶级等第是肤浅的。

The setting of the bet(Lines18-21) What does Eliza do when she sees the two men? Why does she do that?(Curtsy to show respect) When a girl curtsies to a man, what should a man do?(bow) Does Higgins bow to Eliza? What does he say? (She’s no use at all. Take her away.) Is Higgins a person with good manners or bad manners?(A person with bad manners; he treats her as an object rather than a real person.) So here is a sharp contrast. Eliza is wearing a shabby dress, but she curtsies to show politeness.Mr. Higgins belongs to the upper class, but he treats Eliza as an object rather than a real person. He doesn’t have good manners. Is it appropriate to connect one’s social class with manners?(Ridiculous) 【设计意图】处于底层的女孩都懂得行屈膝礼表示礼貌与尊重，处于上层的男士更应鞠躬以表礼貌，恰恰相反，Higgins冷冰冰的言语传递的是粗鲁、无礼的形象，与谦逊有礼的Eliza形成了鲜明的对比，A contrast can add vividness to characterization.认为行为举止可以决定阶级等第是荒谬的。

The setting of the bet(Lines22-31) Who tries to solve the conflict between Eliza and Higgins? What does he say? What kind of person is Pickering? What’s the purpose of Eliza’s visit? What do you think of the girl? What does Higgins say when Eliza stresses that she will pay for lessons?

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Does he really mean to ask about the amount of money? Please say the two words like Higgins. How much money will Eliza give? How is Higgins’ response? What kind of person is Higgins? Pickering:considerate and respectful.(Because he cares about Eliza’s purpose of visiting Higgins. He calls her young lady. ) Eliza: ambitious, determined and self-respecting; (She wants to be a flower girl in a shop. In order to achieve her dream, she decides to improve her speech. She stresses that she is not asking for any favor.) Higgins: arrogant and mean.(Read the two words “How much?”and compare your tone with Higgins’ tone on the tape. He looks down upon her and doesn’t think she can pay for the lessons. He says,“It’s the best offer I’ve had.”Actually, he means it’s the worst offer. He uses irony to insult Eliza.)

Is it acceptable to judge one’s social class by speeches? (Ironic) 【设计意图】通过小组活动，体会语言的力量，仅仅是小小的一个词，可以伤人也能鼓励人，折射出说话人的性格特点，Speech is the voice of the soul, so lines are the key to a play.Pickering称呼Eliza为young lady,凸显他的尊重与体贴，Eliza表明自己的来意并愿意付学费，体现她的志向、决心与自尊。鼓励学生朗读“How much?”与录音对比，体会Higgins刻薄傲慢的性格。代表上层阶级的Higgins用反语挖苦Eliza,讽刺了所谓的“语言专家”自己的语言竟是如此低劣，因此凭借语言区分阶级颇含讽刺意味。

The compromise to the bet(Lines32-43): Discuss about the following questions: Why does Pickering suggest making a bet? Does Higgins agree? (Rich Londoners are addicted to making a bet to settle important or unimportant arguments. A bet is challenging, tempting and stimulates ...to win the bet, proving that...

He wants to prove that he is the greatest teacher.) Why does Higgins demand Eliza to be cleaned and horrible clothes to be burned after he compromises to the bet?(The destruction of Eliza's old clothes symbolizes the loss of her old identity. He wants to fool the upper class by changing Eliza’s appearance.) What's the difference between Higgins' attitude and Eliza's towards taking a bath? Explore the reasons. 【设计意图】该部分三个问题：1.Pickering为什么提出打赌的方式而不是劝说Higgins教Eliza？Higgins同意了吗？为什么？2. Higgins为什么坚决要求Eliza被清洗干净并烧了她原有的衣服？3.在洗澡这个问题上两者之间为何有截然不同的态度？从讨论中，感知当时的英国社会富人喜欢用打赌解决问题，仅仅是为了取乐或者标榜自己，而不是真正的关心穷人。而Higgins接受赌约，也正是满足了他虚荣的好胜心，想借此证明自己的能力。对于洗澡的不同态度，揭露上层与下层之间在教育、生活条件等多方面存在着尖锐的矛盾。而矛盾是推动故事情节发展的重要文学要素。It is conflicts that forward the development of the plot.

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The plan for the bet(Lines44-53) Say these sentences using correct English.

I wanna be a lady in a flower shop 'stead o' selling flowers in the street. But they won't take me 'less I speak better.

Now yer talking. …You wouldn't have the face to ask me for the same for teaching me as yer

would for French.

I can't. I dursn't. It ain't natural and it'd kill me. What problem does Eliza have in speaking English? What’s the consequence of the bet? Does Higgins pass her off as a duchess successfully? 【设计意图】通过用正确的英语改写Eliza的话，明确她的语言中需要解决的发音与语法的问题，Higgins从这两方面着手制定最好的计划来教育她，思考:打赌的结局会是怎么样？截取视频片段，展示Eliza在大使舞会上光芒四射的场景，成功地冒充了公爵夫人，玩弄了“上层阶级”，抨击了所谓的“不可逾越”的阶级等第。

Step 3: Read for reflection Higgins wins the bet. Pickering has to admit that Higgins is the greatest teacher alive. be fond of teaching others

(devoted)

be an expert in phonetics

(talented)

higher expectations about Eliza (strategic) plan the best way to teach

(skilled)

pass Eliza off as an upper class lady (effective) But do you agree that Higgins is the greatest teacher alive? Let’s make a survey.

Use Ipad to voice your thinking. 【设计意图】Higgins好为人师，有语言方面的才华，又有教学策略，而且结果是打赌赢了，但他是the greatest teacher alive吗？培养学生的“一分为二看问题”的辩证思维与“透过现象看本质”的批判性思维。此环节用平板投票，并讨论，集思广益，好教师的标准是什么，从而看出像Higgins这样不尊重学生，不以生为本的老师自认为是好教师，就是极大的讽刺。

Step 4. Guess the ending and conclude the theme. Guess the ending of the play Is Eliza thrown back to the gutter? Does she achieve her dream of becoming a lady in a flower shop? （Eliza is ambitious. She has a dream in her heart. And she is hard-working. she never gives up even if she comes across a lot of difficulties. She is treated as dirt by Higgins. Her pure nature, her pure nature also helps her to achieve her dream.）

【设计意图】人物性格决定人物命运。根据前文分析的人物性格特点，推测合理的戏剧结局，有助于发展学生读后续写的情节构思能力。尽管《卖花女》的剧本中萧伯纳给出的是一个开放性的结尾，但在后来的补充说明中，作者是这样写的：In a postscript, Shaw wrote about what really happened to Eliza. After leaving Higgins, she opened a flower shop. .... She even dropped in on Higgins from time to time, but she never, ever loved him. Read for theme

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Can social class equal one’s social identity? What factors lead to a person’s true social identity? .

【设计意图】通过思维导图的形式，总结Eliza蜕变成flower lady的因素，升华文本主题。根据appearance, manners, speeches而划分的阶级层次是肤浅的、可笑的、讽刺的，阶级等第不能代表人的地位。应该是雄心（being ambitious）、虚心（being educated）、决心（through hard work）以及初心（innocent nature）共同作用下产生人的转变，才是真正的社会地位。Higher expectations lead to an increase in performance.这样的现象被称为“the Pygmalion Effect”。联系学生实际，应该有较高的期望，珍惜受教育的机会，勤奋努力的学习，去实现心中的梦想。这就是文本的主题意义。

Homework: 1. Act out the scene by imitating the video clip. 2. Suppose you were Eliza,please continue writing the story beginning with:

Utterly exhausted, I struggled out of the bathtub.______________________________

(1) Focus on the conflicts to develop the plot. (2) Use descriptions of speeches, thoughts, actions and looks for characterization. (3) Apply writing techniques such as irony, contrast and symbolism. (4) Use appropriate words and phrases you've learned.

【设计意图】电影片段选自1938年版本的Pygmalion，萧伯纳亲自担任编剧，因此比较接近原著。鼓励学生进行模仿表演，揣摩人物的特点，体会人物性格，领悟阶级矛盾，感受戏剧表演的艺术魅力。另外，从读到写，以读促写。续写Eliza被清洗完毕，走出浴室的故事，把握人物特点、利用文学写作技巧，迁移语言与主题，发展逻辑、创新等思维，旨在提升综合语言运用能力。

四、板书设计：

pure soul

hard work

education ambition

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