Learning about Language教案公开课一等奖

高考英语完形填空解题方法

一、完形填空选项设置的几个特点

1. 同义、近义词辨析型。多倾向考查动词、名词、形容词。

2. 固定搭配型。多倾向考查动词和介词或副词、名词和介词、形容词和介词，典型句子结构的搭配3. 常用语法。

时态和语态、从句连词。4. 根据上下文的逻辑关系确定选项型

二：完形填空的解题方法：

解答完形填空题，有以下五条“根据”：

1．根据首句暗示。高考完形填空首句往往不设空，是个完整的句子，通过它可以了解全文，判断文章的大意或主题，建立正确的思维导向，对解题非常关键。

2．根据逻辑推理。考生要懂得根据文段意思和日常生活经验及科普常识等进行简单的逻辑推理来确定答案。

3．根据语言结构。就是根据选项所在句的对比结构、排比结构、类似结构等语言结构形式来判断和选择答案。

4．根据词语复现。词汇复现往往会使语篇中的句子相互衔接得更紧密。利用词语的复现，对解题很有帮助。

5．根据前后语境。高考完形填空中绝大多数题是要通过理解上下文语境才能选出正确答案。有的根据上文，有的根据下文，有的要上下文结合，甚至通篇看完并理解才能作出正确的选择。

一、利用首句来解题，根据全文来选择

首句一般不设空。因此我们应重视首句，并利用首句预测短文的问题和全文内容。

1. I did very badly at school. My headmaster thought I was _______ and when I was 14 he said, “You’re never going to be anything but a failure. ” A. bright B. useless C. simple D. hopeful 2. Dorothy Brown was very happy as she sat in the theatre listening to the music. Today her little daughter Lauren was giving her first concert. She had been waiting for this moment for years and years. “Now it is here at last,” she thought. “How beautiful her ___1___ is.”

The song made her go back to the days when she was Lauren’s age. As a young girl, Dorothy wanted to be a concert singer. She studied ___2___ in France, Italy and in the United States. “You can become a fine 3 in the future,” her teachers told her. “But you must be prepared to study hard and work for many years. 1. A. voice B. face C. dress D. life 2. A. French B. music C. piano D. dance 3. A. actress B. student C. singer D. dancer 二、根据上下文语境，合理推断来解题

1. Our father was a struggling lawyer, but I always knew he was

. He never criticized us, but used _____ to bring out our best. A. strict B. honest C. special D. learned A. help

B. peace

C. smile

D. praise 2. His big stomach has always ballooned out between his T-shirt and trousers. Although his family often _____ about that, Ed refused to buy a

T-shirt or to lose weight. A. cared B. forgot C. quarreled D. joked A. clean B. straight C. larger D. darker 三、利用语篇标志解题

常见语篇标志词语：结构层次:firstly, secondly, thirdly；逻辑关系：thus, therefore, so；递进关系：besides, what’s more, further；转折关系：but, while, however, on the other hand等。

She told the front-desk clerk she had had a(n)

vacation, but was heart-broken about losing several rolls of Kodak color film she had not yet developed. A. disappointing B. wonderful C. uncomfortable D. important 四、根据逻辑推理解题

…and the officers then began to eat their meal, saying that the mushrooms had a very strange _______ quite pleasant taste.

A. besides B. but C. and D. or 五、根据常识和文化背景的角度来选择

The amount of usable water has always been of great interest in the world. Owning springs and streams sometimes means control, particularly in the

areas like the desert. A．dry B．distant C．deserted D．wild 六、从语法角度来解题

I went into a café

and asked for a coffee.________ I was waiting for my drink, I realized that there were other people in the place, but I sensed loneliness. A．Before B．Since C．Although D．While 2. Have you ever shouted at a teacher, told someone you were lonely, or said you were in love, and then ____ later you had kept your mouth shut? A. wished B. hoped C. blamed D. shared 七、从惯用法和固定搭配方面来解题

He was only fourteen and was not good at swimming _____. So he shouldn’t have gone into that place.

A.after all B. in all C.at all D. for all 八、根据找复现同现解题

（一）复现

复现是一种词汇衔接手段，它通过原词、同义词、反义词、上义词、下义词、同源词或同根词等形式，重复出现来表达某一概念，使整篇文章上下连贯，有机地衔接在一起。因此，考生可根据文章的具体情况，理解文章的结构和语境，利用文章中的复现现象来选择正确答案。

(1)原词复现：为了表达的需要，在具体的上下文中同一个单词重复出现。如：

All of a sudden I started to feel rather ______. She wondered why I was looking for this sort of ______. I felt even more helpless when she told me that it would be difficult to get a job without experience. A. encouraged B. dissatisfied C. helpless D. pleased A. place

B. job

C. advice D. help (2)同义词、近义词复现：同义词、近义词复现是借助意思相同或相近的表达方式，或解释性的语言使上下文的语义得以连接起来。如：

That is what a hobby means, I guess. It is something we like to do in our spare time simply for the ______ of it. The value in dollars is not important; we do it for the pleasure it gives us. A. benefit B. good C. fun D. interest (3)反义词复现：语意的连贯有时是通过对比结构而采用反义复现的手段，或者是以反义的方式对前文加以解释，考生可以从反义的角度判断正确的选项。如：

Forcing yourself to recall almost never helps because it doesn’t ______ your money; it only tightens it.

A. loosen

B. weaken

C. decrease

D. reduce

(4)同源词复现：对于上下文语义复现的表达，还可借助复现信息的同源词或同根词。如：

Many teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the students. If a long reading assignment is given, the instructors expect students to be familiar with the information in the reading……When research is _________, the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with minimum guidance.

A. collected

B. assigned

C. distributed

D. finished (5)上义词复现：上义词具有概括的作用。在篇章中，有时为了表达的需要，作者会先概述，再分述。概述时用的为上义词，分述则用比较具体的下义词，两者为总分关系。如：

Other times, he would join student groups to discuss a variety of

: agriculture, diving and mathematics.

A. questions B. subjects C. matters D. contents （二）同现

同现指意义上相互联系的单词同时出现在同一句话或同一语篇中，以确保语篇的和谐性、得体性。由于单词意义的差别、所使用的语境不同，因此所使用的上下文也各有差异。

(1)场所同现：

On days, she wore heavy clothes and a pair of woolen gloves. A. sunny B. rainy C. cloudy D. snowy (2)修饰同现：

Although these wide modern roads are generally _______ and well maintained, with little sharp curves and many straight ________, a direct route is not always the most enjoyable one. A. stable

B. smooth C. splendid

D. complicated A. selections

B. separations

C. series

D. sections

(3)因果同现：

“Hooray!” shouted the crowd. It was the loudest

I had ever heard at a meeting. The first-place runner was two laps ahead of me when she crossed the finishing line. A. cheer B. shout C. cry D. noise (4)结构同现：

Sometimes he would invite a student to a game of chess.

, he would join student groups to discuss a variety of subjects: agriculture, diving, mathematics. A. As a matter of fact B. Later on C. Other times D. In general (5)同义同现：

If a student has problem with classroom work, the student should either _______ a professor during office hours or make an appointment.

A. greet B. attach

C. approach

D. annoy 巩固练习

Where do you go when you want to learn something? A friend? A tutor? These are all___41___places of learning. But it may well be that the learning you realy__42___want somewhere else instead. I had the__43__of seeing this first hand on a___44___.

Why daughter plays on a recreational soccer team. They did very well this season and so__45___a tournament, which normally was only for more skilled club teams. This led to some__46___experiences on Saturday as they played against teams__47___trained. Through the first two games, her__48___did not get on serious shot on goal. As apparent, I__49___seeing my daughter playing her best, __50___ still defeated.

IT seemed that something clicked with the__51__between Saturday and Sunday. When they __52__for their Sunday game, they were__53__different. They had begun integrate (融合)the kinds of play and teamwork they had__54__the day before into their__55__.They played aggressively and__56__ scored a goal.

It __57__ me that playing against the other team was a great__58__ moment for all the girls on the team. I think it is a general principle. __59__ is the best teacher. The lessons they may not be__60__what they would have gotten in school, but are certainly more personal and meaningful,

because they had to work them out on their own. 41.A.public

B.traditional

C.official D.special 42.A.passes

B.works

C.lies

D.ends 43.A.dream

B.idea

C.habit

D.chance 44.A.trip

B.holiday

C.weekend

D.square 45.A.won

B.entered

C.organized

D.watched 46.A.painful

B. strange

C. common

D. practical 47.A.less

B. poorly

C. newly

D.better 48.A.fans

B.tutors

C.class

D.team 49. A.imagined

B. hated

C. avoided

D.missed 50.A.if

B. or

C. but

D. as 51. A. girls

B. parents

C. coaches

D.viewers 52. A. dressed B. showed up

C. made up

D. planned 53. A. slightly B. hardly

C. basically

D. completely 54.A. seen

B. known

C. heard

D. read 55.A.styles

B.training

C.game

D.rules 56. A. even

B. still

C. seldom

D. again 57. A. confused

B. struck

C. reminded

D. warned 58. A. touching

B. thinking

C. encouraging

D. learning 59. A. Experience

B. Independence

C. Curiosity

D. Interest 60.A.harmful to

B.mixed with

C. different from

D. applied to