Learning about Language第一课时导学案

Unit 4 PYGMALION 教材分析和教材重组

教材分析

本单元的主题是通过分析《卖花女》中各个人物的性格，使学生理解：人的语言和行为受其社会地位和环境的影响，但是通过后天的努力，是可以改变现状的。

鼓励学生要勇于改变自我，

不能满足于现状，充分挖掘自己的潜力。

1. Warming Up 通过图片引出希腊神话故事Pygmalion，让学生有一个初步印象；并通过问题二打开思路，为以后学习剧本和理解剧情做好了铺垫。

2.

Pre-reading 帮助学生通过电影《窈窕淑女》了解Pygmalion，激发学生的阅读兴趣。

3.

Reading 是一个剧本。故事讲述了一位来自社会下层语言粗俗的卖花女，偶然遇到社会上层的皮克林上校和锡金思教授的情景，通过他们之间的对话和各自具有的代表性语言，突出本剧主题：人的语言和行为都受他社会地位和环境的影响，但是通过后天的努力，是可以改变现状的。

鼓励学生要勇于改变自我，

不能满足于现状，充分挖掘自己的潜力。

4.

Comprehending 共有5个练习，前三个练习旨在加强学生对课文的理解，练习4 重在引导学生思考，对人物性格进行总结。练习5 重在加强学生语言正规化的训练。

5.

Learning about Language 分为两部分，Discovering useful words and expressions是本单元的词汇练习题, 训练学生在语境中理解词汇的能力，并要注意在运用过程中动词，名词形式的变化。

Discovering useful structures是本单元的语法练习题，着重复习过去分词做状语的用法。

6.

Using Language 部分的阅读与表演是本单元剧本的第二部分。剧情注重描写了卖花女为了改变自己的命运，来到教授家要求学习规范语言。教授看到她衣着脏乱，举止粗俗，不想教她，但为了和上校打赌来证明其语言观及教学能力，收下卖花女。

将Warming Up，Pre-reading，Reading与Comprehending以及Using Language 整合在一起上一节“阅读课”。

将Learning about Language和Workbook的using words and expressions及using structures整合在一起上一节“语言学习课”。

将Workbook的READING AND LISTENING和TALKING结合在一起上一节“听说课”。

4.

将Workbook的LISTENING TASK，READING AND WRITING TASK和SPEAKING TASK设计为一节“综合技能课（二）”。

1st Period

Reading 2nd Period

Language study 3rd Period

Listening and Speaking

4th Period Integrating skill

教1.

材重2.

组

3.

课时分配

Part 1: Teaching Design 第一部分：教学设计

Period 1: A sample lesson plan for reading (PYGMALION) Aims To help students read and act a play

To teach the past participle as adverbial Procedures I. Warming up by leaning about Pygmalion Pygmalion Pygmalion (1938) —

the non-musical film adaptation of George Bernard Shaw's 1913 stage play Phonetics Professor Henry Higgins makes a bet with Colonel Pickering that he can turn a Cockney flower girl, Eliza Doolittle into a lady within three months. To do so, he must transform her thick-accented voice, by coaching her to speak proper English, teaching her manners, and drilling her so she will be educated. “We were above that in Convent Garden… I sold flowers. I didn't sell myself. Now you've made a lady of me; I'm not fit to sell anything else.” “I'm a good girl, I am.”

At a tea party, in her first public testing, she blurts out, “Not bloody likely.” However, she makes a spectacular debut at a society ball proving him right. The movie drastically diverges from Shaw's play at the end by indicating that Higgins falls in love with Eliza. This is really not a love story. II. Pre-reading---about My Fair Lady A priceless classic, My Fair Lady has become one of the most popular musicals of all time. Based on George Bernard Shaw's 1913 play Pygmalion, the film swept the Academy Awards.

《窈窕淑女》可谓无价经典之作，是有史以来最受欢迎的音乐剧之一。该片以萧伯纳1913年的剧作《皮格马利翁》为蓝本，夺得了多项奥斯卡奖。

It tells a tale of a waif who was educated into being a lady.

该片讲述一个流浪者被教育成一位淑女的故事。

Egotistical linguist Professor Henry Higgins (Oscar winning Rex Harrison) bets his friend, Colonel Hugh Pickering, that he can transform Cockney flower girl Eliza Doolittle (Audrey Hepburn) into a lady in time for an important society ball.

自负的语言学教授亨利·希金斯（奥斯卡奖获得者雷克斯·哈里森饰）同他的好友休·皮克林上校打赌，他能及时将伦敦穷人区的卖花女伊莱扎·杜利特尔（奥黛丽·赫本饰）变为一位淑女，以便她能参加一个重要的社交舞会。

His gamble could pay off but the spirited Eliza is more of a handful than the Professor could have predicted. As she slowly becomes more refined, and less reliant upon him, Higgins realizes, to his confusion, that he can’t live without her.

他的打赌也许会赢——但是活泼的伊莱扎远比教授想象的要难对付。随着她慢慢地变得越来越优雅，越来越独立于他，希金斯困惑地意识到自己已离不开她。

The film was nominated for 12 Oscars and won eight, including Best Picture and Director.

该部影片获得12项奥斯卡奖提名，最终赢得8项，包括最佳影片和最佳导演奖。

III. Reading for forms Read the text to: cut/ the sentence into thought groups, blacken

the predicates, darken the

connectives and underline all the useful expressions.

IV. Copying and making sentences You are asked to copy all the useful expressions into your notebook after class as homework. You may make your own sentences with each of these expressions. Expressions from PYGMALION a poor flower girl卖花女, be ambitious to improve oneself立志要改善自己, an expert in phonetics语音学专家，the quality of a person’s English一个人的英语水平, decide one’s position in society决定某人的社会地位, an officer in the army一个军官, set…a task给……一个任务, outside a theatre在剧场外, pour with rain下倾盆大雨, hide from the rain躲雨, make notes做记录, shelter from…躲避……, hesitate for a moment迟疑片刻, buy flowers off…从……处买花, take…for three pence花三便士买……, hold up…举起……, sound friendly听起来友好, some small change一些零钱,

be disappointed at …对……失望, get worried担心, have a right to do…有权利做……, take…for…把……看作

……, a policeman in disguise便衣警察, take down…for…为……记下, hand over…,递……过去，

be covered with…被…….覆盖, push… back at…把……推回给……, in one’s own voice用某人自己的声音, come from the west end of…来自于……西边, look confused困惑不解, be classified from…对……分类, make an income有收入, the age of the newly rich致富的年代, begin one’s working life in a poor neighborhood of…从……的穷人区开始工作, with 80 pounds a year年收入80英镑, end in a rich life with 100 thousand最终年收入10万英镑, betray oneself无意中露出本性, condemn one to the gutter to the end of one’s days注定要在贫民窟里呆一辈子, speak properly正确的讲，find… employment为……找份工作, require better English要求更好的英语, make one’s acquaintance结识某人, throw a handful of…into…扔一把……到……里, have a celebration庆祝一下, look at the collected money看着收集起来的钱, in amazement惊奇地, a whole pound整整一英镑

V. Transferring information You are going to read the play once again to fill in the chart with necessary information. VI. Closing down by having a dictation To end this class, we are going to take a dictation. To make the task easy for you I will give you some more background information, in Chinese.

说话不饶人的语言学家贺勤（Henry Higgins）与友人打赌，要在六个月之内，将满口乡音、在伦敦街头卖花的少女伊丽莎（Eliza Doolittle）（柯德莉夏萍饰）改造成大家闺秀，出席上流社会的舞会而不被揭发。伊丽莎得知受改造之后有望斩断穷根，便欣然接受贺勤一连串的发音及仪态训练。六个月后，伊丽莎成为舞会上的全场焦点，富家子弟纷纷拜倒石榴裙下，可是她发现自己办是贺勤眼中的赌具而已，遂毅然离开。贺勤发现伊丽莎不知所踪，既愤怒又不安，因为若你已明白Pygmalion 的意思，相信也知道接下来的故事会如何发展。

Now the dictation:

The snobbish & intellectual Professor of languages, Henry Higgins makes a bet with his friend that he can take a London flower seller, Eliza Doolittle, from the gutters and pass her off as a society lady. However he discovers that this involves dealing with a human being with ideas of her own. Additional Materials Complete the summary of the story with one word in each blank. Eliza Doolittle, a poor flower girl who was 1______ to improve herself, came from the west

2______ of London. She made a living selling 3______ in the streets. One day, she met with Professor Higgins who was an 4______ in phonetics, 5______ that the quality of a person’s English decided his or her 6_____ in society. Professor laughed at Eliza’s 7______ English and promised proudly that once 8______ to speak properly, the girl could 9______ herself off in three months as a 10______ at an ambassador’s garden11______. Eliza thought that it was a 12______ for her to change her life. So she went to Higgins’ house and asked him to teach her but was 13______. At that time, professor’s friend Colonel Pickering, an 14______ in the army, was interested in the girl’s education. He bet with the professor that he might not educate Eliza 15______, which made the pound professor accept Eliza as a student and decided to teach her not only 16______ but also grammar. （Key:1. ambitious

2. end

3. flowers 4. expert

5. convinced

6. position

7. terrible

8. educated

9. pass

10. duchess

11. party

12. chance

13. refused

14. officer

15. successfully

16. pronunciation）

Comprehension questions 1. Which of the following is not true?_____. A. Eliza was a rich girl who wanted to change her own life. B. Higgins was an expert in phonetics. C. Colonel was an officer in the army and a friend of Higgins’.

D. Mrs. Pearce was the housekeeper. 2. Huggins could place any spoken conversation within six miles because _____. A. he was born and grew up there

B. he studied phonetics and could classify them from people’s speech C. he knew them well D. he knew London well 3. “Colonel was a friend of Huggins’ who set him a task.” Here task means _____. A. taking Eliza to an ambassador’s garden party B. finding Eliza employment as a lady’s maid

C. educating Eliza to speak properly D. studying India languages

(Key: 1.A 2.B 3. C) Notes to some difficult sentences 1. I ain’t done onthing wrong by speaking to that gentleman. 我只是和那位先生说话，又没做错事。

ain’t done nothing wrong 属于不规范英语意为haven’t done anything wrong。ain’t 属于不规范英语, 可以是：am not; is not; are not; has not; have not. 如：We ain’t coming. 我们不来了。

2. The English that will condemn her to the gutter to the end of her days. 那一口英语使她注定要在贫民窟里呆一辈子。

gutter排水沟；阴沟。The gutter贫民区；

condemn somebody to sth / to do sth 注定；差遣；派遣：The man was condemned to six years in prison for treating his wife cruelly.那男人因虐待妻子被判六年监禁。His disabled legs condemned him to a wheelchair all his life.他残疾的双腿把他一辈子困在了轮椅上。

3. …an expert in phonetics, convinced that the quality of a person’s English decides his or her position in society.

一位语音学家，认定一个人的英语水平决定这个人的社会地位。

be convinced that从句意思是“坚信，确信”

= be convinced of…

I am convinced that he was guilty. = I am convinced of his guilty.我确信他有罪。

4. I thought maybe you was a policeman in disguise. 我以为你是便衣警察。

in disguise 意为“乔装”: The emperor liked traveling in disguise. 这位皇帝喜欢微服私访。

本单元还有In引导的介词短语，应认真辨析识记。

in need of意为“需要”: He is in need of a haircut.他需要理发了。

in terms of 意为“根据，依照” “以的……措辞”：Let each child read in terms of his own tastes and choices.让每一个孩子根据自己的兴趣爱好选择书籍阅读。He referred to your work in terms of high praise. 他对你的工作大加赞赏。

5. But they betray themselves ery time they open their mouths. 但每次一张嘴说话，他们就原形毕露。

betray oneself 无意中露出本性；背叛：Quiet a lot of people will betray themselves when tempted by money. 相当多的人面对金钱的诱惑便原形毕露。He was betrayed by his own enthusiasm. 他因过于热情而露出了马脚。

【高考链接】

一、过去分词作状语时的功能及位置

1. 过去分词作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态，即动作发生时的背景或状况，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，且主语是过去分词动作的承受者，即过去分词表示的动作不是句子的主语发出的；过去分词与主语之间是动宾关系，即被动关系。如：

Although built thirty years ago, the house looks very beautiful. 尽管这座房子是30年前被建造的，它看起来依然很漂亮。

2. 过去分词短语作条件、原因及时间状语时，通常放在句首；做伴随、结果状语时，通常放在句末；作方式状语时，一般放在句末，有时也放在句首；作让步状语时，一般放在句首，有时也放在句末。如：Given more time, he can do it better. 如果他被给予更多的时间，他就能把它做得更好。

二、

与状语从句的转换

1. 过去分词短语作时间状语，可转换为when, while或after等引导的状语从句。如：Seen from the top of the hill, the park looks more beautiful.→ When it is seen from the top of the hill, the park looks more beautiful. 从山上往下看，这座公园看起来更加漂亮。

2. 作条件状语，可转换为if, once或unless等引导的状语从句。如：United we will stand; divided we will fall.→ If we are united we will stand; if we are divided we will fall.团结就是胜利；分裂必然失败。

3. 作原因状语，可转换为as, since或because等引导的状语从句。如：Encouraged by the progress he has made, he works harder. → As he is encouraged by the progress he has made, he works harder. 由于受到所取得成绩的鼓舞，他工作更努力了。

4. 作让步状语，可转换为although, though或even if等引导的状语从句。如：Although exhausted by the climb, we continued our journey.→ Although we were exhausted by the climb, we continued our journey. 我们虽然爬得很累，但我们仍然继续我们的旅程。

5. 作方式状语，如有连词as if，就转换为as if引导的方式状语从句；若无连词，则转换为并列结构。如：He began to cry as if bitten by a snake.→ He began to cry as if he was bitten by a snake. 他大叫起来，好像被蛇咬了。

6. 作伴随状语，一般转换为并列结构。如：Aunt Wu came in, followed by her daughter. → Aunt Wu came in, and (she) was followed by her daughter. 吴大娘走进来，（她）后面跟着她的女儿。

三、过去分词作表语

1.

过去分词作表语并无“完成”或“被动”之意，表示主语的感受（感情）或心理状态，主语

多为人。

Don’t touch the glass because it is broken. 不要碰那个杯子，它是坏的。

He is quite pleased with the design of the dress. 她很喜欢那礼服的式样。

His response to the question was quite disappointing. I felt disappointed at his response.

提醒：过去分词作表语不要与被动语态混为一体，过去分词作表语表示主语的状态，被动语态则表示被动的动作。如：The road is covered with fallen leaves. （表状态）

The road is covered by the fallen leaves. (表动作)

2. 过去分词和–ing分词作表语的区别：

过去分词作表语通常表示主语所处的状态或感受，而-ing分词作表语多表示主语所具有的特征，如：

Hearing the news, we felt very surprised. 听到那个消息，我们感到很惊讶

The news is very surprising. 这个消息很令人惊讶。

They were frightened to hear the frightening sound. 他们听到那可怕的声音很害怕。

At the sight of the moving scene, all the people present were moved to tears.

看到这么动人的情景，所有在场的人都感动得流下了眼泪。

英语中这样的分词还有很多，如：amusing, amused; encouraging, encouraged; disappointing, disappointed; exciting, excited; puzzling, puzzled; satisfying, satisfied; worrying, worried; tiring, tired; pleasing, pleased; interesting, interested; astonishing, astonished等。

四、过去分词作宾语补足语

1. 过去分词可以在allow, ask, consider, desire, expect, feel, find, get, have, hear, imagine, keep, like, make, observe, order, permit, prefer, remember, request, require, see, urge动词等后面作宾语补足语。能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词，表示被动意义。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。例如：

My elder brother had her wallet stolen on a train last week.

They managed to make themselves understood using very simple English. （用于使役动词）

We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops.（用于感官动词）

After my encounter with her, I found myself greatly shaken.

You should keep her informed of what is going on here. （用于表状态的动词）

The teacher expected the students well prepared for the examination.

注意：在动词see, hear, feel, watch, notice，perceive，observe, listen to, look at后既可用现在分词做补语,也可用不定式做补语。用现在分词表示动作正在进行,用不定式表示的动作的全过程已经完成。如：I saw Mr. White get off a bus. I saw Mr. White looking into the shop window.

——Do you hear someone knocking at the door? ——Yes, I did. I heard him knock three times. 五、过去分词作定语

1. 过去分词作定语时，相当于一个定语从句。单个的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前，分词短语一般置于所修饰的中心词后面。过去分词修饰承受该动作的名词(即与名词是动宾关系（现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的名词(即与名词有主谓关系)。例如：

My parents are both retired teachers. We can see the part of the moon lighted by sunlight.

As early as 1649 Ohio made a decision that free, tax-supported schools must be established in every town ____50 households or more.

A. having B. to have C. to have had D. having had

分析：答案为A。后面由现在分词做定语，而且town本身有50或以上人家，故town与分词间为主谓关系，应该用现在分词。

例如：

Most of the students invited to the garden party =who were invited to the garden party) came from our school The suggestion made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager. 外国专家提出来的建议被经理采纳了。

2. 过去分词和–ing分词作定语的区别：过去分词作定语通常表示完成的或被动的动作；而[来源学科网]

-ing分词作定语可以表示正在进行的主动的动作。试比较下面几组短语：

boiled water开水；

boiling water正沸腾的水；developed countries发展的国家

developing countries发展中国家；

fallen leaves落叶；

falling leaves 正在飘落的叶子；

changed condition改变了的情况；

changing condition变化着的情况

【高考链接】

1. _____ in the mountain for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police. （05江苏卷）

A. Having lost

B. Lost

C. Being lost

D. Losing

2. ______ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. （05湖南卷）

A. Dressed

B. To dress

C. Dressing

D. Having dressed

3. When _______ help, one often says” Thank you.” or “It’s kind of you.” （05福建卷）

A. offering

B. to offer

C. to be offered

D. offered

4. ______ into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. （05上海卷）

A. Put

B. Putting

C. Having put

D. Being put

5. You should understand the traffic rule by now. You've had it_______ often enough.

（05天津卷）

A. explaining

B. to explain

C. explain

D. explained

6. The prize of the game show is $30,000 and an all expenses _________ vacation to China.

(05北京卷)

A. paying

B. paid

C. to be paid

D. being paid

7. The repairs cost a lot, but it’s money well_______.（05湖北卷）

A．to spend

B．spent

C．being spent

D．spending

8. The disc, digitally _______ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. (04上海卷)

A. recorded

B. recording

C. to be recorded

D. having recorded

9. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when _______ at the meeting by my boss.

（04全国卷III）

A. questioning

B. having questioned

C. questioned

D. to be questioned

10. Helen had to shout _______ above the sound of the music. （04全国卷II）

A. making herself hear B. to make herself hear C. making herself heard

D. to make herself heard 11. No matter how frequently ________, the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.

(2006 广东）

A. performed

B. performing

C. to be performed

D. being performed 12. ________ for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits.

(2006福建) A. Blaming

B. Blamed

C. To blame

D. To be blamed 13. ________ with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time. （2006四川）

A. Faced

B. Face

C. Facing

D. To face 14. Five people win the “China’s Green Figure” award, a title ________ to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection. (2006山东) A. being given

B. is given

C. given

D. was given 15 When _______ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.（2006浙江）

A. compared

B. being compared

C. comparing

D. having compared

【巩固练习】

1．People cannot but feel _____, for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake.

A. puzzled

B. delighted

C. puzzling

D. delighting

2．And there, almost _______ in the big chair, sat her little brother, who never had to be told to keep quiet.

A. having lost

B. losing

C. to be lost

D. lost

3. As the saying goes, friendship is like money: easier made than _______.

A. to be done

B. doing

C. to keep

D. kept

4. _______ in a friendly way, their quarrel came to an end.

A. Being settled

B. Settled

C. Having settled

D. Settling

5. The girl is _______ to be a good dancer if she well trained in an art school.

A. gifted and promised

B. gifted and promising

C. gifting and promising

D. gift and promised

6. You see this kind of products _______, wherever you go in the city.

A. advertised

B. being advertising

C. advertising

D. having advertised

7. The traffic problem, which we are expecting _______ , should have attracted the local government’s attention.

A. seeing to solve

B. to see to solve

C. to see solved

D. seeing solving

8. _______ of danger in the street at night, she had to stay all night, with no one _______.

A. Though warned; to talk with

B. Having warned; talked about

C. Warned; to talk to

D. to warn; talking with

9. _______ , these letters were difficult for me to read.

A. To write in German

B. Written in the German language

C. Having been written with German

D. Being written in German

10. This noon my boss replied _______ the invitation ______ before he went home.

A. on; receiving

B. to; received

C. on; accepted

D. to; accepting 11._______ one of the leading poets in America today, Sonia Sanchez has also written a number of novels and plays.

A. Considering being

B. Considered C. Having considered as

D. To consider

12. --- Are all the names of your class _______ here?

--- Yes, all _______ those who are absent.

A. listed; included

B. listing; includes

C. listed; including

D. being listed; being included

13. The power station keeps the villages _______ with electricity.

A. supplied

B. to supply

C. supplying

D. having supplied

14. The dog, ________, will be made a good watchdog.

A. to train properly

B. being trained properly

C. properly to train

D. trained properly

15. It was getting dark; I found a car _______ in a pool by the side of the road.

A. to be stuck

B. stuck

C. sticking

D. stick

16. The thief fell to the ground, his left foot _______ and blood _______ down from his mouth.

[来源学_科_网Z_X_X_K]A. breaking; running

B. broken; running

C. breaking; run

D. broken; run

17. The program was so exciting that the children kept their eyes _______ on the screen.

A. to fix

B. to be fixed

C. fixed

D. fixing

18. --- Did you get a dictionary?

--- No, I _____, but there were not any _____.

A. tried; to be left

B. had tried to; leaving

C. tried to; left

D. had tried; have left

19. When he came to, he found himself _____ on a chair, with his hands _____ back.

A. to sit; tying

B. sitting; tying

C. seating; tied

D. seated; tied

20. The joke told by Tom made us _____, so the teacher couldn’t make himself _____.

A. to laugh; hearing

B. laughing; heard

C. laughing; hear D. laughed; heard

21. Seeing the soldiers well _____ for the flood-fight, the general nodded with satisfaction.

A. prepare

B. preparing

C. prepared

D. having prepared

22. Don’t worry. I’ll have it _____ and get someone _____ it to you tomorrow.

A. typed; send

B. to type; to send

C. type; send

D. typed; to send

23. Turning around, she found his eyes _______ upon her with an anger expression.

A. Fixing

B. fixed

C. to fix

D. were fixing

24. In recent years, a series of landmark buildings _______ by international architects have been set up in Shanghai.

A. to be designed

B. designed

C. designing

D. having designed

25．_____ as the "first lady of speech", Dr, Lillian Glass is recognized as one of the world’s leading experts on communication skills.

A. Knowing

B. Having known

C. Known

D. To be known

26．Only____ according to the directions can the medicine be quite effective.

A. taking

B. taken

C. being taken

D. having been taken

27. New ideas sometimes have to wait for years before _____.

A. being fully accepting

B. fully accepting

C. having fully accepted

D. fully accepted

28. Having passed all the tests, she felt a great weight _____ off her mind.

A. taking

B. taken

C. take

D. to be taken

29. The 18-storeyed building, when _____, will shut out the sun _____ up the rooms in my house.

A. completed; lighted B. completing; lighting C. completing; lighted

D. completed; lighting

30. With ______ leaves ______ in the earth every year, the soil becomes richer and richer.

A. falling ; burying

B. fallen; buried

C. fallen; burying

D. falling; buried

【汉译英】

1. 我不认为她的强作欢颜能使她父亲相信她在那个小孤岛上过的开心。

2. 这位皇帝喜欢微服私访。

3. 我父亲坐在扶手椅子上，陷入对往事的回忆中。

4. 她自以为是个名演员。

5. 不许你那样跟他说话！不许侮辱他！他是个人！

【答案及解析】

【高考链接】

1. B 分词作状语。分词与主语之间是被动关系。

2. A 分词作状语。分词与主语之间是被动关系。

3.D 分词作状语。分词与主语之间是被动关系。

4.A 分词作状语。分词与主语之间是被动关系。

5. A 分词作宾语补足语。分词与宾语之间是被动关系。

6. B 空格处的非谓语动词与后面的vacation to China构成短语做expenses的后置定语。而pay与expenses构成动宾关系。

7. B分词作定语。money与spend之间构成被动关系。

[来源学§科§网][来源学科网ZXXK]

8. A disc与record之间构成被动关系。

9. C分词作状语。分词与主语之间是被动关系。

10. D分词作宾语补足语。分词与宾语之间是被动关系。

11. A 根据这一关键词可知应用被动。

12. B

13. A 14. 分词作定语。分词与主语之间是被动关系。

15. C 【巩固练习】

1. 答案A

be (feel, get) puzzled感到迷惑、为难。句意：人们不得不感到迷惑，因为他们简直不能理解，他怎么能犯这样愚蠢的错误。

2．答案D

lost in结构（be lost in去be）作方式状语。

3. 答案D 与上文并列用过去分词，如：It’s easier said than done.。

4. 答案B

Settled作状语，表伴随。

5. 答案B

本句用and连接并列成分，gifted作表语表示“聪慧的”，promise作并列谓语动词表示“有希望”。

6.答案A 用过去分词表被动。

7. 答案C 考查过去分词作宾补。从语境看本句的正常语序是：we are expecting to see the traffic problem solved，是see sth. done结构。

8. 答案C 考查过去分词作状语。

9. 答案B 过去分词表原因，现在分词的被动语态强调动作正在进行（还原为从句后是进行时态），不合题意。

10. 答案B

reply to sth.表示“对……作出答复”，第二空用过去分词作定语。

11.答案B 本句表示他被认为是，要用过去分词，后接(to be)+n./adj.作补助语，即considered(to be) one of the poets。

12.答案C 考查非谓语。第一空用list（列名单）的被动语态，第二空用including作介词表示“包括”。

13.答案A 考查非谓语的正确使用。Keep sth. done表被动含义。

14. 答案D 过去分词短语作条件状语，相当于if it is trained properly。watchdog看门狗。

15．答案B 由短语be stuck in（陷入）可知此处应用过去分词作宾语补足语。

16. 答案B 考查独立主格结构。foot和break之间是被动关系，blood和run是主动关系。

17. 答案C 由固定结构fix one’s eyes on/upon...可知此处应用过去分词。

18. 答案C

18. tried to后省去了get one。

19. 答案D 由seat的用法(be seated)可知第一空应用seated作宾语补足语；with his hands tied back为with的复合结构在句中作伴随状语。

20. 答案B

21. 答案C 由固定短语be (well) prepared for可知此处应用过去分词作宾补。

22.答案D 此处为have sth. done结构和get sb. to do sth. 结构。

23.答案B

24.答案B 过去分词作定语，表一个被动的，已经完成的动作，相当于定语从句。

25．答案为C

该题考查过去分词在句中用作原因状语。根据句意及句子结构可知，句子的主语Dr, Lillian Glass实际上就是选项动词的主语，相当于As he is known as ...引导的原因状语从句，为被动结构，故选过去分词known。解答该题的关键在于根据句意，准确判断选项动词在句中所作成分。

26．答案B

根据句意可知，选项动词的逻辑主语the medicine与动词take之间为被动关系，实际上相当于一个时间状语从句only when it is taken...结构，故应选taken在句中用作状语。解答该题的关键在于正确区分分词的用法。

27. 答案D

before full accepted相当于before they are fully accepted。

28. 答案B

feel后可接含有非谓语动词的复合结构。此处宾语与宾语补足语之间为被动关系，故用过去分词。题意为“所有考试都通过后，她感觉如释重负。”

29. 答案D

when completed=when it is completed；lighting up...在此相当于which lights up...。

30.答案B 【汉译英】

1. I don’t think her forced smile will convince her father that she lives happily on that small lonely island. 2. The emperor liked traveling in disguise. 3. My father was sitting in the armchair, lost in thought of the past. 4. She fancied herself (as) a famous actress.

5. Don’t you ever speak to him like that! Don’t treat him like dirt! He is a man!

What was E doing in the She was selling flowers. street? What did G give her? He gave her some small change.

What was H doing at the He was taking notes of what E was saying. time? What can H do?

He can place any spoken conversation within six miles, and even within two streets in London sometimes. What benefits can good Once educated to speak properly，the girl could even find her English bring to a poor girl employment as a lady’s maid or a shop assistant, which requires better English. like E?