Learning about Language第二课时教案

必修四Unit 2 Working the land Section Ⅲ

Learning about Language Teaching aims: 1. Get students to learn and grasp the important useful new words, phrases and sentence patterns. 2. Get students to use some useful new words and expressions correctly. 3. Stimulate students’ interests in learning English and develop students’ spirit of cooperation and teamwork. Teaching important and difficult points: 1. Enable students to grasp the usages of such important new words, phrases and sentence patterns. 2. Get students to understand some difficult and long sentences.

1

根据提示写出下列单词

1．________ vt.

使迷惑；使为难

2．________ vt.

遗憾；惋惜

n.

遗憾；懊悔

3．________ n.

生产；制造

4．________ n.

营养；滋养；食物

5．________ n.

发现；发觉

6．________ n.

焦点；中心点

vt.

集中；聚焦

7．________ vt.

减少；减缩

8．________ vt.

画底线标出；强调

9．________ n.

总结；摘要；概要

10．________ n.

评论；议论

vi.& vt.

表达意见；作出评论

根据提示补全下列短语

1．(be) in need ________

需要

2．cause damage ________

给……造成损害

3．wash ________

将……洗掉；洗净

4．build ________

逐渐增强；建立；开发

5．lead ________

导致；造成(后果) 6．________ addition

另外

7．focus ________

集中(注意力、精力等)于

8．keep...free ________

使……免受(影响、伤害

等)；使……不含(有害物)

2

根据提示补全下列教材原句

1．Recently，however，scientists ________________ that long-term use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and，even more dangerous，to people's health. 然而，最近，科学家发现长期使用这些肥料会造成土地受损，甚至更危险的是，会对人们的健康造成危害。

2．Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil，________________ such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil. 像豌豆或大豆这样的农作物将重要的矿物质带回土壤，从而使之适宜于要求土壤肥沃的农作物，比如小麦或玉米。

confuse vt.使迷惑；使为难；混淆

It is important to explain this again or we will confuse the students. 再把这一点解释一下非常重要，否则会使学生们感到困惑。

(1)confuse A with/and B

把A和B混淆

(2)confused adj.

糊涂的；迷惑的；混乱的

be confused by sth.

对……感到困惑

be/get confused about sth.

被……搞糊涂了

(3)confusing adj.

令人困惑的；难以理解的

①If you're confused about anything，phone my office. 如果你有感到困惑的问题，给我办公室打电话。

②Be careful not to confuse quantity ______________ quality. 注意不要把数量与质量混淆了。

③Slow to respond to the change，your body clock is _____________(confuse)．

对于这种变化反应很慢，你的生物钟会被迷惑。

3

[名师点津]

confusing与confused的区别

confusing，意为“令人困惑的”，多用于修饰事物；confused意为“困惑的，糊涂的”，多用来描述人的感受。

④

He got confusing about the difficult task. (改错)

regret vt.懊悔；为……感到遗憾(懊悔、惋惜)n.遗憾；懊悔

His father says that he has never regretted sending his son to study abroad. 他的爸爸说他从未后悔过把儿子送到国外学习。

(1)regret doing＝regret having done...

后悔做了……

regret to do...

遗憾去做……(常跟动词say，tell，inform等) (2)to one's regret

使某人感到遗憾(可惜)的是……

(3)with regret

遗憾地

①I regretted having told him that. 我很后悔把那件事情告诉了他。

②I regret ____________(say) that I can't help you. 很抱歉，我不能帮你的忙。

③________ our regret，we missed the movie The

Hunger

Games

Catching

Fire. 令我们感到遗憾的是我们错过了电影《饥饿游戏2：星火燎原》。

build up逐渐增强；建立；开发

These chemicals in the food supply build up in people's bodies over time. 随着时间的推移，食物中的这些化学成分会在人体中堆积。

写出下列各句中build up的含义

①I'm very glad to see that your vocabulary is gradually building up._________ ②Let's take the responsibility to build up

a low-carbon city by riding bicycles.____________

4

③In view of the present situation，we have to build up other industries._______

put up

搭建；张贴

set up

建立；创办

give up

放弃

end up

结束；告终

break up

打碎；解体；驱散

④A notice was put up on the wall. 墙上张贴了一个通知。

⑤The marriage ___________ (break) up because of constant quarrels. 由于不断吵架，这段婚姻破裂了。

⑥Although she failed many times，she never _________ up. 虽然她失败多次，但是从不言弃。

lead to通向；导致；造成后果

Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses. 许多化学成分能导致癌症或其他疾病。

lead sb.to do sth.

促使某人干某事

lead sb.to a place

带领某人去某地

lead the way

带路

lead a．..life

过……生活

①What led you to take up acting as a career? 是什么让你开始从事演艺事业的？

②We hired an Indian to lead the way. 我们雇了一名印第安人带路。

③Although Tu Youyou is very famous，she _________ (lead)a simple life. 尽管屠呦呦很有名，但是她过着简朴的生活。

5

[名师点津]

lead to中的to是介词，后面应该接名词或动名词作宾语。与result in，bring about同义，意为“导致”。

④

My hard work led to win the first prize in the contest. (改错)

focus on集中(注意力，精力等)于

They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease. 他们主要是想保持土壤肥沃并且免受病害。

(1)focus one's attention/mind/eyes/efforts on/upon 集中注意力/心思/目光/力气在……

in focus

焦点对准的，清晰的

out of focus

焦点未对准的；模糊不清的

(2)表示“集中(注意力、精力等)”的短语还有：

concentrate on sth.

集中(注意力、精力等)于

pay attention to

注意

put one's heart into sth.

全神贯注于某事

①They focused all their attention on finding a solution to the problem. 他们集中全部精力寻找解决问题的办法。

②Some of the pictures seemed to be out of focus. 有些照片看起来模糊不清。

③She concentrates ________ international affairs. 她关注国际事务。

④

He seems to have little time for anything else with all her energies focusing

on his son. (改错)

reduce vt.& vi.减少；减缩

A healthy soil reduces disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy.

6

健康的土壤可减少病害并促进农作物茁壮生长。

(1)reduce to...

减少到……

increase to...

增加到……

reduce by...

减少了……

increase by...

增加了……

be reduced to...

沦落为……(to为介词) (2)reduction n.

减少；减缩；折扣

①The plague reduced the population to half its previous level. 瘟疫使得人口减少到了先前的一半。

②After careful consideration，the company decided to reduce the price by 10 percent. 经过慎重考虑，该公司决定把价格降低10%。

③She was reduced to ______________ (beg) for a living. 她被迫沦落至乞讨为生。

④

They were reduced to beg in the streets. (改错)

keep...free from/of使……免受(影响、伤害等)；使……不含(有害物) This also keeps the air，soil，water and crops free from chemicals. 这还可以让空气、土壤、水以及农作物不受化学物质的污染。

(1)keep...free from/of...＝protect sb./sth.from...

使……免受(影响/伤害) (2)free from/of sth.

不含有害物质；不受……伤害(或影响等) (3)for free/free of charge

免费地

①We should keep this village free of pollution. 我们要避免这个村庄受到污染。

②When her son returned，she was at last free _____________ anxiety.

7

儿子回来了，她总算解除了忧虑。

comment n．评论；议论vi.& vt.表达意见；做出评论

Swap summaries with your partner and give each other comments. 跟你的同伴交换你的内容提要并且互相评论一下。

(1)make comments on/about...

对……加以评论

No comment!

无可奉告！

offer comments

提意见

(2)comment on/upon sth.

对……发表评论

①She made helpful comments on/upon my work. 她对我的工作提出了有益的意见。

②—Can you say something about the present situation? 你能对当前的形势说说自己的看法吗？

—Sorry，no comment!

对不起，无可奉告！

③Don't offer _______________(comment) if you cannot understand the real meaning. 如果你不能真正理解它的意义，请不要乱提意见。

④People were always commenting ___________ my sister's looks. 人们总是对我妹妹的容貌评头论足。

Ⅰ.语境填词

1．The ________ situation made the man rather ________.(confuse) 2．He ________ a new method of solving the problem，and the ________ gave him great courage.(discover) 3．In his ________，he ________ what he thought.(summary) Ⅱ.选词填空

8

(be) confused about；reduce...to...；build up；lead to；focus on/upon；keep...free of/from...；make comments on/upon 1．It is reported that poor air quality may ____________ heart attack or stroke. 2．As I said before，we need to ____________ the customers and their needs. 3．People ____________ all the different labels on food these days. 4．The price of that type of color TV has __________ 1,000 yuan. 5．Famous experts are often invited to CCTV to ____________ international situations.

Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil，making_it ready for crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil.像豌豆或大豆这样的农作物将重要的矿物质带回土壤，从而使之适宜于要求土壤肥沃的农作物，比如小麦或玉米。

【要点提炼】

句中making it ready...为动词的-ing 形式短语作结果状语，描述谓语动词发生后所带来的一种自然而然的结果。

①The universities have expanded，thus allowing many more people the chance of higher education. 大学扩招了，这样就使更多人能有机会接受高等教育。

②His parents died early，_______________________(＝and left him nothing)．

他的父母早亡，什么都没给他留下。

③The child slipped and fell，_________________________________(＝and hit his head against the door)．

那个孩子滑了一跤，头撞到了门上。

[名师点津]

现在分词和不定式短语作状语的区别

现在分词短语作结果状语，表示自然而然的、意料之中的结果；不定式短语作结果状语表示偶然的意料之外的结果，且前面常有only修饰。

④He hurried to the airport，only to be told that the plane had taken off.

9

他匆忙赶到机场，结果被告知飞机已经起飞了。

完成句子

1．他一整天都在粉刷新公寓的房间。

He ____________________ the rooms of his new apartment all day. 2．他们的车遇到了交通拥堵，因而导致了这次延迟。

Their car was caught in a traffic jam，thus ______________________. 3．你把一切都弄明白了吗？

Have you made ________________________________？

10