Learning about Language教学设计方案

被动语态

一、知识精讲

高考必会的9种时态的被动语态，以动词clean为例：

被动语态

例

句

Our classroom is cleaned every day. 一般现在时的被动语态

Our classroom was cleaned just now. 一般过去时的被动语态

Our classroom will be cleaned soon. 一般将来时的被动语态

She said the classroom would be cleaned soon. 过去将来时的被动语态

Our classroom is being cleaned now. 现在进行时的被动语态

The classroom was being cleaned when I came in. 过去进行时的被动语态

The classroom has been cleaned twice today. 现在完成时的被动语态

She said the classroom had been cleaned twice today. 过去完成时的被动语态

The classroom will have been cleaned before you come. 将来完成时的被动语态

（一）动词被动语态的构成

1. 被动语态的构成方式：be+ done 2.

get常与marry, beat, break, tear, hurt, repair, dress, pay等动词的过去分词连用，构成被动语态，一般指动作的结果。

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【例句】

These workers got paid by the hour. 这些工人是按小时得到报酬的。

—I am not going to play football this year, Mum. —That’s music to my ears. I was so afraid you _____.

A. will be hurt

B. would get hurt

C. had got hurt

D. were hurt 3.

带有情态动词的被动语态

构成：情态动词 + be + 动词的过去分词

【例句】

Can this radio be repaired here?"

这里能修理这台收音机吗？

Your composition must be handed in

tomorrow.

你的作文明天必须交。

The best use _______ our present machine. A. must be made of

B. must be made

C. must make of

D. must make （二）英语中的被动语态常用于以下场合：

1. 不知道动作的执行者；不必提到动作的执行者

【例句】

Street lights are often turned on at six in winter.

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The new text book will be used in the next term.5n

状元典例

No permission has ______ for anybody to enter the building.

A. been given

B. given

C. to give

D. be giving 2. 强调或侧重动作的承受者；动作的执行者很模糊

【例句】

This kind of bicycle is not sold in our shop. The thief was caught by a policeman yesterday.

Coubertin ______ as the founder of the modern Olympic Movement.

A. regards

B. is regarded

C. has regarded 2

D. was regarded

（三）要注意以下特殊形式的被动语态

1. 带有双宾语的被动语态 如果主动语态的动词后既有直接宾语，又有间接宾语，一般是将间接宾语改为被动语态句中的主语，将直接宾语保留在原处。如果是将直接宾语改为被动语态句中的主语，将间接宾语保留在原处时，一般要在间接宾语前加介词to或

for。

【例句】

Grandma told me an interesting story last night.

→Ｉwas told an interesting story last night./ An interesting story was told to me last night. 状元典例

My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday. → An interesting book ________________________________________ on my birthday. → I ________________________________________________ on my birthday. 2. 带有宾补的被动语态

在主动语态中，如果动词后带有宾语补足语，改为被动语态时，需将宾语改为主语，将宾补保留在原处，使其成为被动语态句中主语的补足语。宾补可以有下列几种情况：

（1）宾补为带to的动词不定式

【例句】

They asked her to sing a song. 他们让她唱首歌。

→She was asked to sing

a song.

（2）在使役动词，如make；感官动词，如see, hear, feel, watch等词之后，不定式的to在主动语态里可以省略，而在被动语态里不能省。

【例句】

We saw Tom come out of the lab. 我们看见Tom从实验室出来了。

→Tom was seen to come out of the lab. The boss made him work all day long. → He was made ____________________________ all day long.

（3）宾补为形容词、副词、名词或介词短语。

【例句】

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She kept me busy all the morning. 她让我忙了整整一上午。

→I was kept busy all the morning.

In warm weather fruit and meat _________ long.

A. don’t keep

B. can not be kept C. are not kept

D. are not keeping 3. 如果主动语态中的谓语动词为短语动词，改为被动语态时，要注意不要遗漏短语中的介词或副词，以保持短语动词的完整性。

【例句】

You should pay attention to your pronunciation and spelling. 你应该注意你的发音和拼写。

→Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.

The plan will be given up. 那计划要被放弃了。

Proper care _______ such things. A. should be taken

taking

B. should take of

C. should be taken of

D. should be 二、难点聚焦

（一）不使用被动语态的几种情况

1. 不及物动词及部分由不及物动词构成的短语不能用于被动语态，常见的词和短语有：happen, break out, take place, run out, give in, come about, come into being, last等。

【例句】

A big fire broke out at five o’clock yesterday afternoon. 那场大火发生在昨天下午五点钟。

When did this custom come into being? 这种风俗是什么时候形成的? I’ll go to the supermarket for the sugar is running out. 我得去趟超市因为糖快用完了。

The earthquake in Yushu _______ roughly one month before the second anniversary of the earthquake in Wenchuan. A. was happened B. had happened C. happened

D. had been happened

2.

当cut, read, sell, wear, write, wash, cook, lock, shut, dry, drink等表示某种性质且动词带状语修饰语时。

【例句】

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The clothes he bought yesterday wash well.

他昨天买的衣服很耐洗。

This novel __________ well.

A. sells

B. is sold

C. will be sold

D. has been sold 3. 不定式用于某些动词的宾语后作定语时，如果不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语，则用主动形式表被动，反之，仍用被动形式。

【例句】

I’ll go to the supermarket and I have a lot of things to buy. 我要去超市，有很多东西要买。（“我”自己买）

I’ll go to the supermarket.

Do you have anything to be bought? 我要去超市，你有东西要买吗？（“你”请“我”代买）

4. 表示归属的动词，如have, own, belong to等。

That big house belongs to a famous film star. No one is sure who the dictionary

.

A. belonging to B. belongs to

C. is belonged to D. is belonging to （二）主动形式表被动意义

1. 当feel, look, smell, taste, sound, seem, appear, prove, stay等系动词后接形容词时。

【例句】

这种材料摸上去很柔软。

误：This kind of material is felt very soft.

正：This kind of material feels very soft.

他的理论被证实是对的。

误：His theory was proved (to be) correct. 正：His theory proved (to be) correct. How sweet the music __________! A. sounds to be

B. is sounded

C. is sounded to be D. sounds 2. want, require, need, worth, deserve后的动名词用主动形式表示被动意义。

【例句】

These flowers want/require/need watering. 这些花需要浇水。

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The book is well worth reading. 这本书值得一读。

His idea, though good, needs ________ out.

A. being tried

B. to try

C. tried

D. trying

m]3. 有时尽管不定式与其逻辑主语是被动关系，但不定式仍用主动语态。不定式作状语，如果句子中存在heavy, difficult, easy, comfortable, interesting, necessary, dangerous, funny等词时，就应该用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。

【例句】

The book is easy to understand. 这本书很易懂。

English is not hard to learn. 英语并不难学。

The BBC news is usually not difficult to

, but it’s often too hard to

.

A. pick up; be understood

C. be picked; understandB. pick up; understand

D. be picked; be understood三、笔记

（一）学习被动语态的关键是：

1. 根据句意辨别词义

2. 主语与动词构成的主被动关系

（二）被动语态理解记忆：

被动语态的结构是：be+v.-ed；

完成时的结构：have/has/had+v.-ed have/has/had 完成被动形式：完成+被动

被动语态的结构：be+v.-ed

其他时态的被动形式依此类推。

（三）被动语态与系表结构的区别：

被动语态强调动作；系表结构表主语的特点或状态。

【例句】

The glass was broken by Tom yesterday. 这个杯子是昨天被Tom摔碎的。

（被动语态）

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been

The glass is broken. 这个杯子碎了。（系表结构）

必练

1. （

）—What’s that noise?

—Oh, I forgot to tell you. The new machine ______. A. was tested

B. will be tested

C. is being tested

D. has been tested 2. （

）He _______ as a national hero for winning the first gold medal for his country in the Olympics.

A. regarded

B. was regarded

C. has regarded

D. had been regarded 3. （

）—Will you attend the meeting this afternoon?

—But I ________ told anything about it．

A. wasn’t

B. am not

C. haven’t been

D. won’t be

4. （

）The water ____ cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise.

A. was felt

B. is felt

C. felt

5.

（

）—Your job _______ open for your return.

—Thanks. A. will be kept

B. will keep

C. had kept

D. had been kept来源学科网ZXXK]D. feels

6. （

）I like these English songs and they ________many times on the radio.

A. taught

B. have taught

C. are taught

D. have been taught 7.

（

）During the period of recent terrorist activities, people _________ not to touch any unattended bag.

A. had always been warned

C. are always warning

B. were always being warned

D. always warned

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