Learning about Language板书设计

The Second Period Learning about Language

Teaching goals 教学目标

1. Target language 目标语言

a. 重点词汇和短语

revolution

network

simplify

sum

mobile

solve

explore

totally

anyhow

finance

artificial

technology

intelligent

application

Web

reality

logically

b. 重点句子

As time had gone by, I have been made smaller and smaller.

I have been used in offices and homes since the 1970s.

Over time my memory has developed so much that, like an elephant, I never forget anything I have been told! Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me.

I have also been put into robots and used to make mobile phones as well as help with medical operations.

I have even been put into space rockets and sent to explore the Moon and Mars.

2. Ability goals 能力目标

Enable students to learn the meanings and use of some key words in the reading passage. Enable students to learn the form and function of present perfect passive voice.

3. Learning ability goals 学能目标

By writing a poem using present perfect passive voice, enable students to use the structure freely and creatively.

Teaching important and difficult points 教学重难点

How to change the sentences into the present perfect passive voice.

Teaching methods 教学方法

Personalization, Induction and imitation.

Teaching aids 教具准备

Projector and tape recorder.

Teaching procedures & ways 教学过程与方式

Step I Revision Check the homework. Ask two students to read the passage they have written. Their passage should be brief and include the key information or facts about the development of computers.

Step II Discovering useful words and expressions T: Look at activity 1. These are the meanings of some words or expressions in the text we learned yesterday. Find out these words or expressions.

Step III Discovering useful structures

Look at the following sentence, paying attention to the underlined part. Over time I have been changed a lot. The Present Perfect Passive Voice Can you pick out more than two sentences in the present perfect passive voice from the reading passage? 现在完成时的被动语态的谓语构成形式：

The results of their experiments have already been published. The party has been planned since the new year. 肯定式：have / has（has只用于第三人称单数，其余人称用have）

+ been + 及物动词的过去分词。

They haven’t been told about it yet. 否定式：_____________________+及物动词的过去分词。

—Have his books been sold out? —Yes. So you can’t buy one now.

一般疑问句形式：

______________________+及物动词的过去分词。

How many experiments have been done by the students this month? 特殊疑问句形式：

疑问词+have / has +been+及物动词的过去分词。

现在完成时的被动语态通常有以下两种情况：

表示过去开始的被动动作一直持续到现在，常与之连用的时间状语有：for+一段时间，since+时间状语（从句），these days, so far, up to now, in the last / past few years等。

e.g. This class have been taught by Mr. Brown for two years.

His Chinese has been improved a lot since he came to China.

JK Rowling’s novels have been translated into many foreign languages so far. 表示某被动动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already, yet, just, ever, never, recently等连用。

e.g. The bike has not been repaired yet.

I have already been introduced to

Mr. Smith. 【注意】

1) 现在完成时被动语态的两个助动词：have／has和been缺一不可。

2) 注意与一般过去时被动语态的区别。

一般过去时被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去，其结果对现在没有影响；而现在完成时被动语态的动作或状态尽管发生在过去，但侧重说明该动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果。

e.g. The machine has been repaired．

机器已经修好了。(说明动作发生在过去，对现在有影响，修好了。)

The machine was repaired yesterday．

机器昨天修了。(只说明动作发生在昨天。) 3) 动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在被动语态中要保持其完整性，其中的介词或副词不可省略。

e.g. The orphans have been taken

good care of here．

孤儿们在这里受到很好的照顾。

4) 并不是所有动词都有被动语态

happen, take place, break out, belong to, cost, last等不及物动词或词组无被动

语态。

[误] Great changes have been taken

place in China since 1978.

[正] Great changes have taken place in

China since 1978. 5) 一些特殊动词, 如borrow, finish, begin,

buy, start, return, marry, open, join等

构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与

表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达

相应的意思，则需改换动词或时态。

如：

My brother has had (不能用has bought)

this bike for almost four years.

How long has this book been bought?(wrong)

How long ago was this book bought?(right) 6) 只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

e.g. We have built many houses in the

past ten years.

→Many houses have been built in

the past ten years. 7) 带有双宾语的动词，如give, send, bring, take, teach, show, tell, make, sing, write, read, sell, buy, tell, pay, lend, pass, promise等，变为被动语态时，可将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个保留不动。

e.g. We have given him the book.

→He has been given the book.

→The book has been given to him.

8) 带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为主语，原来的宾补改为主语补足语。原来省略to的不定式作宾补的，被动语态中要用带to的不定式。

e.g. I have told them to help you.

→They have been told to help you.

I have made her work hard.

→She has been made to work hard

T: The passive voice is used when the subject of a sentence is the person or thing affected by the action of the sentence. We particular use the passive voice when don’t know or aren’t bothered exactly who has done something. Now look at activity

Ss: We use has when the recipient of the action is the third person single or single nouns. We use have when the recipient of the action is the first or second person or plural nouns.

T: Now write passive sentences in Present Perfect according to the words given. Show the following on the screen. 1. The children _______________ (tell) many times not to go near the river. 2. In the last few years thousands of films _________________ (produce) all over the world.

3. Jenny __________ (make) rapid progress recently and is always being praised by the teachers. 4. Great changes __________________ (take place) in our country since the 2008 Olympic Games.

5. This topic _____________________ (talk about) for two hours. T: Re-write the sentences into the present perfect passive voice. Pay attention to the use of has/have. When do we use has and when do we use have? 1.a new hospital for women and children, build, in Beijing 2.more and more trees, cut down, by farmers 3. about 300 buildings and houses, destroy, in the earthquake 4. a lot of money, spend, protect the old temple T: Multiple choice

1. In the last few years thousands of films _____ all over the world.

A. have produced

B. have been produced

C. are producing

D. are being produced 2. Experiments of this kind _____ in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War.

A. have conducted

B. have been conducted

C. had conducted

D. had been conducted

3. Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they _____ before leaving their hometowns.

A.promised

B. were promised

C. have promised

D. have been promised

4. His sister left home in 1998, and

_____ since.

A. had not been heard of

B. has not been heard of C. had not heard of

D. has not heard of

A. taught

B. have taught

C. are taught

D. have been taught Step IV Workbook Exercise Finish exercise on page 57.

5. I like these English songs and they _____ many times on the radio.