Warming up、Pre-reading、Reading、Comprehending教案教学设计

Unit 2 Sailing the oceans Teaching Aims:

a. Learn and master the key words and expressions

b. Train the students’ reading ability.

Teaching Difficult Points: a. How to help the students understand the reading passage better. b. How to improve the students’ reading ability. Teaching Methods: a. Scanning the text to get the general idea of it and do some other comprehending exercises. b. Discussion after reading to make the students understand the text better. Teaching Aids: The multimedia; a tape recorder; the blackboard Teaching procedures & ways Step 1 Warming up 1 Question:

How

many

oceans

are

there

in the world

? 2 Write down the words you know, which are related to navigation and sea . navigation sail, sailor, voyage, latitude, longitude, equator, horizon, captain, land island, nautical middles, explore, exploration…

Sea seaman, seaweed, seafood, shore, offshore, onshore, beach, beach-ball, seabed, sea-bird, seagull, sea shell, seaside, sea water, seasick, coast, coastline, tide, wave, current…

Step 2 Pre-reading 1 What is a navigator? 2 What is the difference between a navigator and an explorer? 3 Introduce some famous people. Step 3 Reading Page 1

Read about what navigation was like before modern instruments were used. Using nature Keeping alongside the coastline；

Using celestial bodies；

Using wildlife；

Using the weather；Using the sea.

Using celestial bodies

to plot the positions；to work out the latitude；a special cloud formation indicates there is land close by Using

wildlife

If seaweed was fresh and smelled strongly, the ship was close to land；Sea birds could be used to show the way to land when it was nowhere to be seen；To help identify the position of a

stream or river when…;To direct their sailing Page 2 Fast-reading

1 Get the general idea then answer the questions. 2 Using

navigational

instruments

Finding

longitude ;

Finding

latitude 3

Read the passage and answer the following questions.

What is the use of a bearing circle, astrolabe, quadrant or sextant?

(

)

What is the use of a compass?

(

)

A

to set the course of the ship

B. to measure the position of the ship

C

to measure the speed of the ship

D. to tell the time 4

There were two methods to find longitude:

measuring time and speed; compass and complicated mathematical tables 5

Write down the working principles of the following instruments:

Bearing circle : to compare the height of the sun now with the position of the sun at midday. Astrolabe:to compare the position of the ship in relation to some stars or the sun. Quadrant: a more precise form of the astrolabe, to measure how high stars are above the horizon, and compare that measurement with previous measurements Sextant: an updated version of the quadrant and so it was more accurate, to measure the angle between tow fixed pints outside the ship. Step 4 Detailed

reading 1 Listen to the tape and then answer the questions. Why are speed and time important in working out the longitude of a ship?

Why is the position of the sun and various stars useful for working out latitude? 2 Read the passage and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). (1). An early method of calculating longitude was to use a knotted rope tied to a log. (2). The astrolabe was the first instrument to measure the sun’s position. (3). The quadrant was more precise and simplified than the astrolabe, but still had its shortcoming. (4). Up till now, the most accurate and reliable navigational instrument is the sextant.

(5). The astrolabe, quadrant and sextant are different kinds of navigational instruments and they have nothing to do with each other. Step 5 Discussion What would you do if you came across the following problems during your voyage? You were far from land and a storm arose. You knew your latitude but didn’t know your longitude. You were blown off-course. You were offshore but you needed more food and water. You wanted to keep a straight course. You were lost with no land in sight. Step 6 Homework:

1. Review this passage. 2. Preview Learning about language.