Learning about Language名师教学视频（文字实录）

Unit 3 Computers（learning about language）教学设计

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航

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新课标要求掌握的项目

1. Information technology 2. History and basic knowledge of computers 3. Robots 重calculate, calculator, PC, notebook, common, analytical, simple, 点simple-minded, technology, technological, revolution, universal, 词mathematical, artificial, intelligence, anyway, totally, network, truly, 语

汇

race, birth, IT, advantage, disadvantage, type, disagree, choice, material, 言

personally, create, coach, move, arise, brain, mop, wander

知

词in common, in one’s opinion, go by, so…that…, deal with, human race,

识

组

in a way, make up, after all, with the help of, watch over

目

句

1. However, people thought I was simple-minded until they discovered I

标

had “artificial intelligence.”

型

2. And my memory became so large that I couldn’t believe it.

语

现在完成时的被动语态(The Present Perfect Passive Voice)

I have been made smaller and smaller. I have been used by millions of people. 法

I have truly been built to help the human race. 功

能

1. Making decisions(做出决定) I think that …

In my opinion…

I believe that…

I agree because …

I’ve decided that…

Let’s make our decision

2. Reasoning(推理) What’s your reason?

Why do you think so?

I think this one is better because…

情感

文化

目标

1.通过了解电脑的发展简史及现状和应用，能建立并加强用电脑学习的愿望和兴趣，树立了解和参与制造机器人的初步渴求。

2．树立利用因特网进行合作交往的意识。

The Three Laws of Robotics

1.A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.

2.A robot must obey the orders given to it by human beings, except where such orders would conflict with the First Law.

3.A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Laws.

机器人三原则

1.机器人绝不能伤害任何人或因怠工而造成对人的伤害。

2.在不违反第一条的情况下,不得违抗人的命令。

3.在不违反一二条定律的情况下,可以进行自卫。

（一）掌握本单元的重点单词和短语。

（二）了解计算机和机器人的历史和基本知识。

（三）语法：现在完成时的被动语态。

（四）学会做决定和推理的基本语言。

学习策略

通过自主探究，小组合作，巩固词汇，增强阅读能力，了解计算机、机器人等现代科技。

预习案

一.写出下列词汇：

1.算盘

2.简化

3.合逻辑的

4.人造的

5.私人的

6.应用

7.计算

8.探索

9.技术

10.智力

11.总的

12.电子的

二.找出以下短语：

1)和…有共同点

3)根据

2)把…和…比较

4)计算出，解决

6)听起来简单

8)在那时

10)随着时间的推移

12)与…连接

14) 和，而且

5)把…按顺序排列

7)作为……的开始

9)解决问题

11)结果

13) 和…分享

15)提供给某人某物

16) 充满

17) 一种高质量的生活

18)一个忠诚的朋友

19）从……起

21）处理，对付

三.翻译句子

1. I begin as a calculating machine in France in 1642.

2. I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before I was built as analytical machine by Charles Babbage.

3. Over time my memory has developed so much that, like an elephant, I never forget anything I have been told.

4. And my memory became so large that even I couldn’t believe it.

5.I was able to share my knowledge with others through the World Wide Web.

6. Anyhow, my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality.

20）在……的帮助下

22) 看守，监视

探究案

学习目标：掌握本单元重点单词、短语和句型。

一．重点单词

1. calculate （v.）

计算，核算，推测，估计

1) It is impossible to calculate what influence he had on her life ________________________________________________ 2) 我们还没有确切地计算出度假要花多少钱。

________________________________________________ 常用词组：calculate on= depend on 指望

calculator (n.)计算器

calculation (n.)计算

calculating (adj.)斤斤计较个人得失的，自私的

2. personally （adv.）

就个人而论

1) 就我个人来说，我是反对他的建议的。

________________________________________________ 2)她不喜欢这个计划，但我本人觉得还可以接受。

________________________________________________

3. totally（adv.）= completely 完全地，全部地，整个地

1)

那个镇子在地震中完全被毁了。

________________________________________________ 2) 他们来自完全不同的文化。

________________________________________________ total（adj.）全部的

in total 总计

The repairs came to over 500 yuan in total.

修理费总共500元。

4. signal （n.）信号，暗号（v.）发信号，打暗号

1)红灯常被用作危险的信号。

________________________________________________

2)小偷用信号警告同伴警察来了。

________________________________________________

5. Anyhow, my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality. anyhow=anyway 无论如何, 反正，即使如此

1）反正，这辆二手车是值得买的。

_____________________________________________________ 2）It’s possible that I’m not fit to be a teacher just as you say, but _____,I’ll have a try.

A. somehow

B. anyway

C. therefore

D. otherwise

二．重点短语

1. in common 共同的(地), 共有的(地) 常与have连用

have nothing in common 无共同之处

have little in common 几乎无共同之处

have something in common 有一些共同之处

have a lot in common 有许多共同之处

1) You know, Mary, you and I have one thing in common.

_______________________________________________ 2) 我突然感觉到我们有很多共同点。

________________________________________________

2. as a result

结果；终于；因此

1)结果，他只得放弃。

_________________________________ 2) My friend Martin was very sick with a strange fever; ______, he could neither eat nor sleep. A. as a result

3. compare with

B. after all

C. any way

D. otherwise

翻译：

1)

Compare this one with that one.

2)

We often compare children to the nation’s flowers.

【归纳用法】

compare A ______ B

把A与B比较

compare A ______ B

把A比作B 注意：当compare的过去分词短语作状语时，与with或to搭配都表示“与…相比”

e.g ：___________________________（与其他许多同学相比较）, you are very lucky. 4. make up

编造，补足，化妆，组成

理解：指出各句中划线部分的意思。

(1)Five doctors and ten nurses made up the medical team. _____ (2)The student made up an excuse for his being late. ________ (3)The girl makes herself up in the morning. __________ (4) He soon made up for the lessons he had missed. _________ 注意：作“组成”时,常用被动结构be made up of (由……组成) Five doctors and ten nurses made up the medial team.

=The medial team ______________ five doctors and ten nurses.

5. deal with 处理，对付，涉及

1)我不知道如何来对付这些淘气的男孩。

_______________________________________________________________ 2)你应该认真地处理这个问题。

________________________________________________________________ 注意：deal with与do with在表示“处理”这一意思时，

deal with与how连用，而do with与what连用。

3) Last summer he taught us _____poisonous(有毒的) gas. A. how did we deal with

B. what did we deal with

C. how we dealt with

D. what we dealt with

6. watch over看守，监视，保护，留神，照管，照料

1)我度假时你能帮我照料我的狗吗？

________________________________________________________________ 2)请你去游泳吧，我来照管这些衣服。

________________________________________________________________ 联想:

watch out (for) = look out (for) 警惕、密切注意

7. In 1963 my real father, Alan Turing, wrote a book about how I could be made to work as a “universal machine” to solve any difficult mathematical problem. 注意：

主动形式make sb. do sth. 被动形式sb. be made to do sth. 1) My parents have always made me_____good about myself. (feel/to feel) 2)The black workers were made_________the heavy work in those days. (do/to do)

8.I was able to share my knowledge with others through the World Wide Web. share sth. with sb. 和某人分享、分担某事

1) It’s always better to _____your worries and problems.

A. enjoy

B. share

C. like

D. appreciate 2）如果你能让我搭车(give me a lift)，我将和你分担费用。

_____________________________________________________

9．in a way 在某种程度上；从某一角度看(相当于in one/some way)。

_____________________________________________________________

从某种程度上看，我们的程序员就像是我们的教练。(P23) [归纳拓展] (1)______________ 在某种程度上

(2)________the way挡住去路；碍事、妨碍

(3)________ one's way to在去……的路上

(4)________the way在途中

(5)________the way顺便说(问)

(6)________way of通过、经由。

(7)________this way通过这种办法

(8)________no way决不

(9)

way无论如何,不管怎样

[练一练]用way的相关短语填空。

⑴

Perhaps he should have said nothing，but ________ it was his duty. ⑵

I’m sorry but your leg is _____________. ⑶

I got caught in the heavy rain _____________ home.

三．重点句型

1. I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before I was built as analytical machine by Charles Babbage. “ It took/was +一段时间+ before从句”

意为

“过……后才……”

1）过了五小时我们才到达村庄。

_____________________________________________________ 2）The research will take Joan and Jack about five months, it will be a long time ______we meet them again.

A. after

B. before

C. since

D. when

2.

Over time my memory has developed so much that, like an elephant, I never forget anything I have been told. And my memory became so large that even I couldn’t believe it.

句型：so…

that…“如此……以致于……”引导结果状语从句

(1)

so + adj/adv+that从句

(2)

so + adj+ a/an+单数名词+that从句

(3)

so + many/much/few/little+名词+that从句

拓展：such… that…“如此……以致于……”也可以引导结果状语从句

(1)such +a/an+ adj+单数可数名词+that从句

(2) such + adj+复数可数名词+that从句

(3) such +不复数名词+that从句

[考例1] The weather was ______ cold that I didn’t like to leave my room.

A. really

B. such

C. too

D. so [考例2] I haven’t seen Ann for ______ long that I’ve forgotten what she looks like.

A. such

B. very

C. so

D. too [考例3] She is______ a lovely girl that we all like her. A. such

B. very

C. so

D. too [考例4] She was in ______ a hurry that she forgot the ticket. A. such

B. very

C. so

注意：与

too…to… 句型的相互转换

He is too old to carry the box. =He is ______old _______ he can’t carry the box.

=He is_______an old man ________ he can’t carry the box.

四．语法：现在完成时的被动语态

（一）概念【观察与思考】

1.Our classroom has been cleaned，so you needn't clean it now. 2.The letters have not been typed by now. 3.Have the clothes been washed?

（二）现在完成时被动语态的构成

现在完成时被动语态的肯定式和否定式的构成

________________________________________ D. too

（三）现在完成时的被动语态的用法

1．表示被动的动作发生在说话之前（即现在的过去），强调对现在造成的影响和结果。如：The door has been locked．门被锁上了。（结果是现在没有人能进去）

2．在过去发生的一直延续到现在的并可能持续下去的被动动作或状态。常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于“How long...？”句型中。

这台机器已经使用了三年了。

The machine ___________________________ for 3 years. 这部车修了多长时间了？

How long___________ the car ___________________? （四）使用现在完成时的被动语态需要注意的问题

1．现在完成时的被动语态有两个助动词，即

_______和_______，两者缺一不可。

He has repaired the computer.

Have they painted the door? →___________________________

→_____________________________

2．注意与一般过去时被动语态的区别。

(1)一般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去某个时候，其结果对现在没有影响；(2)而现在完成时被动语态的动作或状态尽管发生在过去，但侧重说明该动作或状态对现在造成的影响和结果。例如：

_______________________________________________这房子是去年建造的。

_________________________________________________这房子已经建好了。

3．非延续性动词，如borrow，finish，begin，start，buy，marry，open，join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则要改换动词或时态。

How long has this dictionary been borrowed？(×) (换动词keep)____________________________________________

4. 副词的位置

often, usually, always, never, hardly等副词通常置于have/has和been的中间。如：

Such a man has been hardly believed. (×)

正:_____________________________ 5．短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在被动结构中要保持完整性，不可省略短语动词中的介词或副词。例如：

The police have looked into the problem.→______________________________

检测案

一．Choose the best answer according to the sentences. 1. My brother works at the power station that __ in my hometown. A. has set up

B. has been set up C. was set up D. is set up 2. ---_____ the sports meet will be put off.

A. I’ve been told

B. I’ve told

C. I’m told

D. I told

3. ---- How long ____ at this job?---- Since 1990. A. were you employed

B. have you been employed C. had you been employed

D. will you be employed 4. When to go for the holiday ____ yet.

A. is not decided

B. was not decided

C. is not being decided

D. has not been decided 5. Betty___ injured since last Saturday.

A. has been

B. was

C. is

D. has 6. Great changes___ in my hometown and a lot of factories ___.

A. have been taken place; are being set up

B. have taken place; have been set up

C. are taken place; had been set up

D. took place; will set up

7. It’s said that this book___ into Chinese.

A. had translated

B. has translated

C. was translated

D. has been translated

8. Have you ever___ to the exhibition which ___for three weeks?

A. gone; has been shown

B. visited; shown

C. been; has been on show

D. went; lasted 二．There is a mistake in each sentence, can you find it out and correct it? 1. A personal computer has bought.

2. Sailing races will be hold on the lake tomorrow.

3. Children will not be allow to make a noise in the museum.

4. Many problems has been found with our new computer.

5. The computer has used every day since we bought it.

6. A lot of e-mails had been written in the past 5 years.