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定语从句“三步曲”解码

在英语阅读、写作以及各类考试中，我们几乎离不开一个重点语法项目，那就是定语从句。既然如此，那么学定语从句应搞清哪些东西呢？咱们还是一道来看看定语从句“三步曲”是如何解码的：

第一曲弄清定语从句的基本概念 在复合句（包括主句和从句）中，修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫________________。定语从句必须放在被修饰的词__________。

This is the doctor who came here yesterday

主句

从句

The coat （that） I put on the desk is blue.

主句: The coat is blue.

从句

练习：

划出下面两个句子中的主句和从句部分

This is the building that we built last year． The man who is talking with a group of

1 students is our class teacher．

第二曲弄清定语从句的先行词 被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做___________。

注意：先行词出现在主句中。

The film （which） we saw last night was wonderful.

先行词

The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.

先行词

练习：找出主从句并划出下面两个句子中的先行词

The man who lives next to us sells vegetables．

You must do everything that I do． 第三曲弄清

关系词所起的作用 关系词分为关系代词__________________________________

关系副词

__________________________________ 下面主要以关系代词为例：

1．连接作用：关系代词可以连接主句与定语从句，不可随便用其它词来连接定语从句。试比较： ［正］The student who sits next to me is from Anhui．

［误］The student he sits next to me is from Anhui． ［析］_____是人称代词，不是关系代词，因此不可连接主句与定语从句。 ［正］The letter which I received yesterday was from a friend of mine. ［误］The letter what I received yesterday was from a friend of mine．

［析］疑问代词_________不能连接主句和定语从句。

2．替代作用：关系代词在从句中替代主句中的__________；同时，先行词与关系代词在一般

2 的情况下应保持一定的呼应关系。

先行词

关系代词

指人

指物

判断下面两句话哪个正确哪个错误：

［

］The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman．

［

］The man which is shaking hands with my father is a policeman．

［析］主句中的先行词man指代的是_____，因此，关系代词不能使用______。

［

］The girl did not answer these questions which were asked in English．

［

］The girl did not answer these questions who were asked in English．

［析］主句中的先行词questions指代的是____，因此，关系代词不能使用_____。

3．成分作用：定语从句的关系代词在从句中总是充当一定的句子成分（如：主语、宾语、表

语、定语等）。分析下列关系代词在从句中作何成分：

注意如何判断成分：

主语：主语+谓语

\主语+be动词

即：谓语动词和be动词之前

宾语：Vt动词+宾语\介词+宾语

即：Vt动词和介词之后

定语：定语+名词

即：名词之前

表语：be动词+表语

即：be 动词之后

（1）He who laughs last laughs best.

This is the boy (whom /who) you saw yesterday. 总结：关系代词

who/whom 在从句中的成分___________________ （2）A thing which was bitter to endure may be sweet to remember.

The film (which) I saw yesterday was very good．

3 总结：关系代词

which 在从句中的成分___________________ (3) The computer （that）I bought last week has not been used yet．

I like the boy that sang at the party last week．

He isn’t the one that he used to be.

总结：关系代词

that 在从句中的成分_______________________ (4) The book whose cover is blue is mine.

I know the boy whose father is our headmaster. 总结：关系代词whose 在从句中的成分_______________________

关系在定语从句指代

代词

中的成分

who

who

m

whic

h

that

whos

几点注意：

e 1）关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，常可以_________；但作主语时，则_____可以省略。试比较：

The film（which／that）I saw yesterday was very good．

I don't like people who talk much but do little．

2）关系代词作从句主语时，应注意从句的_____________。例如：

［正］David was talking to the team who were

4 playing football with him．

［误］David was talking to the team who was playing football with him．

［析］主句中的team指的是“队友、队员”，因此，关系代词who指代复数，其后的谓语应用复数。

3）当心定语从句中代词的误用。例如：

［正］The computer（which／that）I bought last week has not been used yet．

［误］The computer（which／that）I bought it last week has not been used yet．

［析］关系代词在从句中作宾语时，无论省略与否，从句中不可再使用如it／them／her之类的代词。

4）只能使用that引导定语从句的场合：当先行词为all／everything／nothing／anything／ little ／much／none等不定代词或先行词前有一个序数词、形容词最高级、only／all／any／no/ very等词修饰时。

划出下列句子中只能用that 的条件

The first thing that you could do was to turn off the light．

All that we have to do for our students is to tell them how to speak English in class．

另：当先行词是something时，关系代词可用that或which。

5）只能使用which引导定语从句的场合：当先行词为that或关系代词（指“物”）在介词之后或在非限制性定语从句（即通常用逗号与主句分开的定语从句）中时。例如：

This is the house in _________ Tom once lived．

Football ，__________ is a very interesting game， is played all over the world．

（下节课接着讲解关系代词as 和关系副词）

通过讲解总结定语从句的做题步骤：

1.找出____________________________ 2.找出____________________________ 3.把____________放在_____________中，分析

5 其在____________所做的______

用对应的_______________代替。

巩固练习：

用who／whom／that／which填空。

1．Those are the things ______________ I lost in the street yesterday．

2．He is the person _______________ we often talk about．

3．They talked of things and persons ______________ they remembered．

4．They call it Christmas, ___________ comes from the name Christ．

5．They may go to their own library to look up any information _______ they need．

单选：

6. Do you know the man ___ I spoke to ?

A. whom

B. which

C. whose

D. when 7. This is the hotel ___they talked about.

A.that

B. who

C.where

D. whom

8. Is there anyone _____family is in the country? rich. A. who

B. who's

C. which

D. whose 17. I have two sisters, both of them are doctors. 9. He keeps a record of everything

he 18. His dog, that was now very old, became ill had seen there.

and died. A. he

B. that

C. which

D. what

19. The house in that we live is very small. 10. This is the very film

I've long 20. The person to who you spoke is a student of wished to see.

Grade Two. Period 2

关系副词引导的定语从句

A. which

B. that

C. who

D. 【观察】

whom

单句改错：

1. Tom now works in the factory where / in 11. Those who wants to go with me put up your which his father worked. hands. 2. I will never forget the day when / on which 12. Anyone likes it can borrow it from me. we studied together. 13. The man you saw him just now is my math 3.The reason

why/ for which he was late was teacher. that he missed the first bus. ：关系副词_________ ________ 14. This is the watch which Tom is looking for 【归纳总结】__________引导的定语从句

it. (一) when 观察例句并总结：

15. That is all what I have known. 16. He is the person whose the family is very

1. He came back on May 1st when / on which I

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was out. 2. Do you still remember the days which/ that is special to us? 句1中先行词是表示__________的名词（如：time, day, week, tear, month, etc.）在定语从句中作___________成分，用

关系副词_________或___________来引导。

句2中先行词是表示__________的名词（如：time, day, week, tear, month, etc.）在定语从句中作___________成分，用

关系代词__________或__________来引导。

比较:

I still remember the day ______________ my brother joined the army. （作_____________）

I still remember the days______________ we spent together. （作_____________）

(二)where观察例句并总结：

1. This is the place where / in which I was born. 2. This is the place

(which /that) I will never

7 forget. 句1中先行词是表示__________的名词（如：place, school, factory, room,

etc.）在定语从句中作___________成分，用

关系副词_________或___________来引导。

句2中先行词是表示__________的名词（如：place, school, factory, room,

etc.）在定语从句中作___________成分，用

关系代词__________或__________来引导。

比较:

This is the factory _______________ he worked last year. （作_____________）

This is the park________________ they visited last year. （作______________）

（三）why观察例句并总结：

1. Do you know the reason

why/ for which he was late?

2. He knows

the reason

(which/ that) I don’t know

句1中先行词是表示__________的名词

即

the reason在定语从句中作___________成分，用

关系副词_________或___________来引导。

句2中先行词是表示__________的名词

即

the reason在定语从句中作___________成分，用

关系代词__________或__________来引导。

比较：

The reason____________ he didn't attend the meeting was that he was ill.（作__________）

The reason ____________ you told me was not true.（作_____________）

下列句子各有一处错误，找出并改正。

1. He works in a factory where makes radio parts. 2. It is a prison from where no one can escape. 3. Do you still remember the days when we spent together at school? 4. This is the school where was set up 10 years ago.

8 5. Don’t forget the time when I’ve told you.

6. The reason why he gave us sounded a little strange. 非限制性定语从句和as引导的定语从句

一、非限制性定语从句

用

which, who, whom, when, where, whose, as填空. He met Mary，_________ invited him to a party. Peter, _________ you met in London, is now back in Paris. The boy, ___________ father is an engineer, studies very hard. These apple trees，_____________ I planted three years ago，have not borne any fruit. He said that he had never seen her before，___________ was not true. He will put off the picnic until May 1st,

____________ he will be free. They went to London，______________ they lived for six months. __________ we all know, the earth is round. He failed in the exam, __________ made his parents angry. 1. 如何辨别非限制性定语从句？

2. 非限制性定语从句不能用___________ 引导。

3. 非限制性定语从句只能用which 引导吗？

二、as 引导的限制性定语从句：

This is the same pen _________ I lost.

这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。

This is the same pen__________I lost.

这本书就是我丢的那本。

归纳：

This is such an interesting book _________ we all like. This is so interesting a book __________ we all

9 like. 这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(_____________从句) 归纳：

This is such an interesting book __________we all like it. This is so interesting a book ___________we all like it. 这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。(_____________从句) 归纳：

三、as与which 引导的非限制性定语从句

As we all know, smoking is harmful to one's health . (as 作宾语) =As is known to all, smoking is harmful to one's health . （as 作主语）

例句：I like the book,_________ was bought yesterday.

He had failed in the maths exam,________ made his father very angry. _________is known to all, the earth is round. 归纳：

相同点：

不同点：

四、非限制性定语从句、并列句以及简单句的比较

1. The earth is round. ________________ is known to all. 2. The earth is round, ______________ is known to all. 3. He failed in the exam._____________ made his parents angry. 4. He failed in the exam, _____________made his parents angry。

10 5. He has two sons. Both of _____________ are teachers.

6. He has two sons, and both of ______________ are teachers. 7. He has two sons, both of ______________ are teachers. 归纳：

特殊情况的定语从句

观察：

1. Who can think of a situation

where this phrase can be used? 2. This is the way (that /in which) my classmate spoke to others. 归纳总结：句1中

当activity/point/situation/stage/case

等作先行词并在定语从句中做状语时，其后常用_________

或___________引导的定语从句。如：

句2 中先行词the way 表示“方式，方法”_______________

__________ 讲并在定语从句中做状语时，后面常跟

关系代词（6）

___________ /__________ 或_______________

___________ ______________引导的定语从句。

_______________

__________ Summary About Attributive Clauses

在定语从句中，被修饰的词(中心词)叫_______________

__________ _____________，常常是_________或引导定语从句的词

_________。

引导定语从句的的词叫____________, 分为

_____________和______________两种。

_______________

__________

关系副词（3）

_______________

__________ 指代

在定语从句中的成分

_______________

__________ ______________

__________

(名词/代词/数词等) +

介词+ ____________________________ _______________

__________

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提示：

★若先行词在定语从句中做主语、宾语、表语或定语则选择______________;

★若先行词在定语从句中做状语，则选择___________________, 相当于____________________。

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