Learning about Language板书设计及意图

教学目标

1．语言知识目标:掌握现在完成时的被动语态结构和规则

2．语言技能目标：运用现在完成时的被动语态进行交流

3．情感态度：学生能自如地表达自己的思想，情感以及与人合作交流的能力。

4．学习策略：通过主动语态和被动语态的比较，以及现在完成时的应用培养学生的认知策略；引导学生对自己学习过程，学习困难等进行分析，培养学生的调控策略；鼓励学生运用现在完成时的被动语态，在情景中进行交流，培养学生的交际策略。

5．文化意识:让学生了解计算机的优缺点，正确使用计算机。

重点难点

1．教学重点：现在完成时的被动语态结构和规则，主动语态和被动语态的转换，如何正确对待和使用电脑。

2．教学难点：现在完成时的被动语态的应用，通过合作交流表达思想和情感。

教学策略与手段

本课教学强调从学生实际情况出发，从学生生活经验出发，而不是从“本本”出发。以学生为中心，让学生成为课堂中的主角，教师成为教学活动的组织者，合作者和参与者。在设置任务的过程中，考虑到了生生互动，师生互动。学生在教师特意创设的教学情境如直观情境，合作情境和活动情境等中去学习语法，体会英语语言的特点，使语法学习能在一种活的环境中轻松愉快地进行。通过发现，体验自然习得语法知识,取得良好的教学效果。

课前准备

新的课程标准强调教师，学生，内容，环境四个因素的整合，这四个因素持续交互，呈动态发展。因此，笔者在课前充分考虑到这四个因素，并为之做好准备。

1．学生的学习准备：

鼓励学生课前认真复习阅读课，掌握计算机的发展，功能以及优缺点，回忆现在完成时被动语态的结构。

2．教师的教学准备

新课程标准要求采用互动的课堂模式，提倡开放的学习方式，鼓励学生创造性地运用语言。笔者在上课前，注意了解不同层次学生对这一语法的了解程度，吃透教材，上网查询资料，扩大自己的知识面和对电脑的认识，下载新颖的有关电脑和新科技的图片，以激发学生学习的积极性。除此之外，还在课前估计课堂内可能发生的情况，准备好各种预案，以便顺利完成教学任务。

3．教学用具的设计和准备

多媒体电脑，实物投影仪，下载图片4张：各种形状的鼠标，各种形状的键盘，各种新型电脑，造型各异的机器人。

4．教学环境的设计与布置：

笔者注意营造温馨，和谐，民主的气氛，鼓励学生积极参与，在设置任务时，注重不同层次学生的需求，鼓励学生合作，交流，使用学生勇于思考，善于思考。

课堂教学过程设计：

Step 1 Preparation（发现准备阶段）

Review the text and discover the structure (Before class, let Ss enjoy some pictures about specially-designed computer) T: we learned “Who am I” yesterday. Now, I’d like you to make an interview with your partner. One is the reporter, and the other is Mr. / Miss Computer. These words may help you. 1. make, size 2. since then, communicate with 3. since my birth Write some key sentences on the blackboard: (1) As the years have gone by, the computer has been made smaller and smaller. (2) Since then, my family and I have been used by millions of people to deal with information and communicate with each other around the world by the Internet. (3) I have truly been built to serve the human race since my birth. 设计说明:由记者采访导入新课，复习课文，激发学习兴趣，呈现现在完成时的被动语态。学生在初中已经接触到这个语法，因此很快能回忆并发现这个语法现象,为感知体验做好铺垫。这个环节的设计，是尊重学生已有经验的体现，也是对英语学习有困难的学生的关心。

Step 2 Presentation(呈现体验阶段) I. 初步体验

T: Nowadays, computer has been used more often than ever before by the students. Then, what has it been used in our life? Make the students try to express themselves freely. Help the students to describe the pictures, using the present perfect passive voice. S1: Computer has been used to chat with my friends. S2: Computer has been used to send E-mails to my friends. S3: Computer has been used to gather information. ……. T: I am glad to hear that computer has really been used by us. Students in class13 (14) have bought a new personal computer. We can also express our meaning: Ss: A new personal computer has been bought by them. T: Now, look, what about the computer used by the students in class13 (class14)? 1. They have found many problems with our computer. 2. They have just joined their computer to the Internet. 3. They have built a PC the way they want. 4. They have used the computer every day sine they bought it. 5. They have written a lot of e-mails on the computer in the past year.

T: ask students change these sentences into the present perfect passive voice. S1. Many problems with their computer have been found by them. S2. Their computer has just been joined to the Internet. ……

设计说明：计算机，高中生最感兴趣的话题之一。兴趣使学生积极大胆参与和教师地交流，在谈论计算机的用处时，学生通过has been used这一短语体验现在完成时的被动语态，在此基础上，就有关兄弟班同学使用电脑这个话题，进行主动语态和被动语态的转换。这一环节的设计，使学生在发现语法现象的基础上，感知和体验语法在实践中的运用。

II. 呈现阶段

Together with the students，the teacher summarizes the use of the structure. 教师点拨语法特点并提醒重难点：一. 被动语态的形式是be done, 二. 现在完成时经常与Since, for, yet, already, so far, by now, in the past few years, how long等词连用，三. 助动词的选择have/has 要与主语一致。

设计说明：学生通过主动观察，发现，在教师的点拨下，较好地归纳出现在完成时被动态的结构，避免了以往教师上语法课喋喋不休的讲解，学生听得昏昏欲睡的被动局面。

III. 再次体验

Fill in the blanks, using correct tense and voice: 1．I don’t know how many days I have been given (give) to spend, but I do feel my hands are empty. 我不知道他们给了我多少日子，但我的手确乎是渐渐空虚了。－《匆匆》

2. Never mention rope in the house of a man who has been hanged. (hang)不揭别人的短处。

3. The year that is drawing towards its close, has been filled (fill) with the blessings of fruitful fields and healthful skies. 林肯总统1863年感恩节贺辞

4. Peace has been preserved (preserve:维护)with all nations, order has been maintained, (maintain:维持)the laws have been respected (respect) and obeyed, and harmony has prevailed (流行，盛行 )everywhere. 林肯总统1863年感恩节贺辞

设计说明: 在发现和归纳的基础上，利用学生喜欢的经典句体验语法结构和功能，让学生发现语法术语不能单独表意，只有在具体的情境中，才能表情达意。

Step 3 Practice（实践阶段）

I. Game: Task: Describe what has happened in the pictures Requirements: 1. Use “ have / has been done”; 2. Four groups are divided, and every group chooses one picture. The group which gives the most sentences will win. Because time is limited, the most

sentences are six. 3. “One person, one chance”---Everyone has just one chance. 设计说明: 语言学习是枯燥的，学生在长时间的语言学习中，往往感到厌倦，根据学生的认知规律和表现欲强的特点，也为了给部分不愿参与语言学习的学生以足够的动力，在课堂中适时的运用游戏能刺激学生思维。游戏规则”One person, one chance”的设立，有效遏制了个别学生独霸课堂的现状。在游戏中体验语言，在游戏中运用语法，不仅加深了对所发现的语法知识的理解和掌握，而且体验到语言学习实际上是快乐的。

II. Choose the best answer: 1. Both my brother work at the power station that ___ in my hometown. A. has set up B. has been set up C. was set up D. is set up 2. ---_____ the sports meet will be put off. A. I’ve been told B. I’ve told C. I’m told D. I told 3. All the preparation for the task ____, and we’re ready to start. A. completed B. complete C. had been completed D. have been done 4. ---- How long ____ at this job? ---- Since 1990. A. were you employed B. have you been employed C. had you been employed D. will you be employed 5. When and where to go for the on-salary holiday ____ yet. A. are not decided B. have not been decided C. is not being decided D. has not been decided III. Correct mistakes in the blog: T: We have learned “wildlife protection” in Unit2. An article is posted in our blog, but there are some mistakes. Please correct them. 设计说明: “外语是学会的，不是教会的”。A foreign language is learned, not taught. 体验语法使学生有了大量接触语法知识的机会。在此基础上，开展以上多种形式的语法操练，特别是让学生在熟悉的博客上发现语法错误，能更好地检测学生知识掌握的程度，体现了学中用，用中学的原则，符合学生的认知规律。

Step4 Production (应用阶段) T: I think something must be done to save dolphins. Besides, some problems about computer have arisen. Do you know any problems? S1. Many of the students have been attracted by computer games, which have a great effect on their studies. S2: A lot of diseases have been caused because of the computer. We spend too much time on computer. S3: Some deadly computer programmers, like “worm” have been invented to make the computers turn off, which has caused great headaches for the computer users.

……. T: Great! Now, I’d like to give you a task. Task: choose one topic above to write an article on the problems caused by the computer in our blog. If you’d like, leave some messages.. Requirements: 1. Use at least four sentences with “the present perfect passive voice”. 2. Apply at least four new words and expressions we have learnt in this unit. Group work: Each group has around four members. The group leader is supposed to collect each member’s ideas and prepare it well. Each member should have his own idea and is always ready to improve the passage. Evaluation: 1. The group that organizes the article well and gives some information (what happened, reasons, etc) wins. 2. The group that uses the learned words or phrases and the present perfect passive voice will get a high score. 设计说明：学生能否在发现，体验中真正掌握语法知识，笔者让学生在博客上发表文章，切合学生的生活经验和兴趣，使学生有话可谈；设立评价又可以使学生明确目标，有效地帮助学生掌握语法规则，引导学生正确运用语法结构。小组活动提供学生实践的机会，给学生留出空间思考和帮助，激励每个学生的积极性，使学习有困难的学生有机会弥补自己语言掌握的不足，使学有余力的学生有机会发展自己的特长，培养学生在习得语言的基础上真正使用语法的能力。古希腊的普罗塔戈说的好：“头脑不是要被填满的容器，而是一个需要点燃的火把。”

九、板书设计

The present perfect passive voice Structure: have/has been done Content: the present perfect tense since, for, yet, already, so far, by now, in the past few years, how long passive voice Example: We have bought a new personal computer.

A new personal computer has been bought by us. 设计说明：这堂课主要讲述现在完成时被动语态的结构和功能，因此在板书时，笔者突出了这一内容的呈现，为学生梳理所学过的知识点，加深对本课的理解和记忆，使学生的操练更具目的性和指引性。

十、作业设计

Write the article down on your own and improve it. The requirements should

be strictly followed. 设计说明：作业作为课堂教学的延续，它既是教师教学活动的一个重要环节，又是学生学习过程中的一个重要组成部分。通过笔头落实,可以检测每位学生课堂掌握语法的情况，巩固所学, 同时也使得小组活动不流于形式，真正使每位学生参与交流与合作。