Warming up、Pre-reading、Reading、Comprehending第一课时教学设计

A Teaching Design of Period 1: reading Unit 2 Book 9 Sailing the oceans

Jean, No.1 Middle School attached to CCNU Teaching Aims To help students read about sailing the oceans

To train students’ fast reading skills, scanning in particular.

Teaching Procedures ■Warming up by leaning about navigator

What is a navigator? A navigator is the person onboard a ship responsible for the navigation of the vessel. On aircraft, the position may also be referred to as a flight officer. The navigator's responsibilities include planning the journey, advising the captain (or pilot) while en route, and ensuring that hazards or obstacles are avoided. What is exploration? Exploration is the act of searching or traveling for the purpose of discovery, e.g. of unknown regions, including space (space exploration), or oil, gas, coal, ores, water (also known as prospecting), or information.

Exploration has existed as long as human beings, but its peak is seen as being during the Age of Exploration when European navigators travelled around the world.

In scientific research, exploration is one of three purposes of research (the other two being description and explanation). Exploration is the attempt to develop an initial, rough understanding of some phenomenon. ■Warming up by talking about Zheng He's Seven Voyages

In July 11, 1405, the eunuch Zheng He of the Ming Dynasty royal court set out on his first overseas voyage. In the following 28 years, this navigator proceeded to carry out six more voyages, accompanied by a huge entourage of nearly 30,000 people. By traveling throughout Southeast Asia, and around the Indian Ocean to

the Red Sea and East Africa, he also landed at over thirty different nations.

He was the earliest largest scale navigation in world history, coming more than half a century earlier than Columbus'famous exploits... ■Warming up by looking and listening

Hello, class. Do you know this man? Yes, he is Marco Polo. Marco Polo (1254-1324), is probably the most famous Westerner traveled on the Silk Road. He excelled all the other travelers in his determination, his writing, and his influence. His journey through Asia lasted 24 years. He reached further than any of his predecessors, beyond Mongolia to China. He became a confidant of Kublai Khan (1214-1294). He traveled the whole of China and returned to tell the tale, which became the greatest travelogue.

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I. Pre-reading

Q1. What can aid you to find your direction and destination if you get lost?

Q2. Name early navigational instruments navigators used during their voyage.

What are navigational instruments?

●Navigational instruments were built in the age of exploration to guide the explorers to their destinations. ●navigational instrument - an instrument used for navigating

◇

artificial horizon, flight indicator, gyro horizon - a navigational instrument based on a gyroscope; provides an artificial horizon for the pilot ◇

compass - navigational instrument for finding directions ◇

depth finder - navigational instrument used to measure the depth of a body of water (as by ultrasound or radar) ◇

inclinometer - an instrument showing the angle that an aircraft makes with the horizon ◇

instrument - a device that requires skill for proper use ◇

asdic, echo sounder, sonar - a measuring instrument that sends out an acoustic pulse in water and measures distances in terms of the time for the echo of the pulse to return; sonar is an acronym for sound navigation ranging; asdic is an acronym for anti-submarine detection investigation committee

II. Reading tasks

Read the text SAILING THE OCEANS on page 12 1. skimming

(1) Read the first paragraph and answer

Q1. What is this passage about? Q2. Where do these materials come from?

-- an encyclopedia An encyclopedia is a book or set of books giving information on many subjects or on many aspects of one subject and typically arranged alphabetically.

(2)

Glance through the title and subtitles and figure out what entry this passage is under?

2. Scanning the passage and answer 1) What natural objects were used to assist navigation? 2) Do the astrolabe, the quadrant and the sextant mean the same thing? 3) Which do you think was easier to work out: latitude or longitude?

A: Latitude, because it was used to measure how far you had traveled from land on a straight line. It was discovered a long time before longitude.

3. Intensive reading

1) What is the use of a bearing circle,

astrolabe, quadrant or sextant? (

)

What is the use of a compass?

(

)

A. To set the course of the ship

B. To measure the position of the ship

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C. To measure the speed of the ship

D. To tell the time 2) Why are speed and time important in working out the longitude of a ship? A: As the earth moves fifteen degrees westwards every hour, your direction, speed and time can help you work out the approximate longitude or change in your position in relation to the sun or the stars. 3) Why is the position of the sun and various stars useful for working out latitude? A: Because they are fixed points in the sky and their movements in relation to the earth are already known. So they can be used to measure a ship's position.

III. learning about useful expressions and making sentences You are going to copy in your notebook all the useful expressions and make sentences of your own with them. sail the oceans, explore the oceans, plot a ship's position on a map, the voyages of travelers, before the 17th century,

at the mercy of…, have modern navigational aids, read these pages from an encyclopedia use nature to help, keep alongside the coastline, seem to have been…, the first and most useful form of exploration, carry the minimum amount of risk use celestial bodies, North Star, at the North Pole, at its highest position in the sky, at the equator, along the horizon, accomplished navigators, be able to use…to plot their positions, on a clear day, during the summer, use the sun overhead at midday to navigate by, use the height of the sun to work out their latitude, observe the clouds over islands, a special cloud formation, land close by use wildlife, see seaweed in the sea, tell…by the colour and smell, flesh and smelled strongly，close to land, use sea birds to show the way to land, in the evening, nesting birds, return to land and their nests, follow the birds to land, in the open sea use weather, gather at sea, as well as over streams or rivers, identify the position of a stream or river, close to land, use the winds to direct one’s sailing, accelerate the speed, observe the winds, before and during one’s outward or return journeys．

use the sea, carry ships to their destination, explore the seas, discover new lands, increase their ability to navigate new seas, use instruments use navigational instruments to help…, find longitude, secure method of measuring longitude, solve this theoretical problem, move westwards, 15 degrees every hour, method of calculating longitude, use speed and time, method of measuring speed, tie to…, over the side of the ship,

throw…into…, advance through the water, pass through…, during a fixed period of time, give the speed of…, in nautical miles per hour, use the compass, use complicated mathematical tables, have a special magnetic pointer, indicate the North Pole, find the direction, in this way, set a straight course, in the middle of the ocean．

find latitude, the Bearing Circle, measure the sun's position, measure the sun’s shadow, compare…with…, the height of the

sun at midday, sail on…, rather than a random course

a special all-in-one tool for telling the position of the ship, in relation to…, give sb the local time, find one’s latitude at sea, use as one of the points of reference, a more precise and simplified version of the astrolabe, above the horizon, use a quarter circle, use the moving ship as one of the fixed points of reference, plunge in the waves，the updated version of the astrolabe and quadrant, reduce the tendency, make mistakes, the most accurate and reliable of these early navigational 3

instruments, work by measuring the angle

IV. Transforming information Next you are going to read the text again to complete the chart below. SAILING THE OCEANS ■Using nature to help keeping alongside the ■Using navigational instruments to help

coastline ●Using celestial bodies: North Star; Sun; ●finding longitude

Clouds ●Using wildlife: Seaweed; Birds ●Using the weather: Fog; Winds ●Using the sea

●Finding latitude: The Bearing Circle; The Astrolabe; The Quadrant; The sextant

V. Closing down task : group work

Pirates of the Caribbean Group 1: Captain Jack Sparrow aims to sail round Africa and is recruiting (招募) seamen. Design a poster to attract more sailors

tips

•

think about what skills you are seeking in your sailors

•

anticipate problems for this journey

•

refer to EX 2

Group 2:

Get ready for the voyage

30 seamen are taken into Captain Jack’s group and now they are packing up their personal belongings.

•

You have a small box which can only hold ten items. What would you need for your voyage? •

Complete your table on P 15 and

discuss with your fellows to

better your plan. Group 3: Act out exciting scenes during your voyage.

tips

•

problems stated in EX 3 should be covered.

•

refer to the encyclopedia to learn how to solve these problems.

•

tools are provided if you need them.

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