Learning about Language教案（名师）

M4U3

Grammar and usage学案

一．

语态的概念

主动语态：主语是动作的________________;

被动语态：主语是动作的________________。

被动语态的构成：__________________人称、数和时态的变化是通过____的变化表现出来的。

1.He borrows my bike. ——

My bike_________________ by him. 2.She planted this tree last year.

——

This tree ______________ by her last year. 3.They have put forward an argument.

——

An argument ____________________ by them. 常见被动语态的形式

一般现在时

一般过去时

现在进行时

过去进行时

一般将来时

过去将来时

现在完成时

过去完成时

The active voice

The passive voice Fill in the blanks with the right form of the words given. 1.I ___________(give) a new book by my father on my birthday last month.

2.The Olympic Games ____________(hold) every four years.

3.The work _________________(not finish) tomorrow.

4.The new product ___________________ (develop) in the laboratory right now.

5.The high-speed railway ________________ (build) this time last year.

6.A 3-D film _______ never ____________ (see) by me before.

7.By the end of last year, another new gym ______________________(complete) in Beijing. 8.He told me the sports meeting ________________ (hold) the next month.

9.The book_________________ (translate) into several languages since the 1990s.

10. Rice ___________(grow) in the south of the States.

二、主动变被动的基本句型

1.主语+谓语+宾语: Tips:不强调动作的执行者或无法说明动作的执行者时，by短语不必用。

Bob beat me. →I ____________ by Bob. 1)

Most people will accept that VR films.

→

___________________________________________ 2.主语+谓语+双宾语

She gave me a flower.

→

I _______ a flower (by her).

→

A flower _______________ (by her).

Tips: 若将直接宾语(指物)变为被动语态的主语,须在间接宾语(指人)之前加上___或___才行。

give, tell, lend, pass, send, show, hand bring,

return …

常见用to的动词

常见用for的动词

buy, get, find, sing , cook, choose, make, fetch …

①

We offer the users special headsets and gloves in the cinema.

→

_______________________________________________________________________._______________________________________________________________________. ②I bought my daughter a headset as a birthday gift.→

______________________________________________________________________________._____________________________________________________________________________. 3.“主语+谓语+复合宾语(宾语+补语)”

Students call him Snoopy.

→ He _____________ Snoopy (by students). They heard someone singing in the room. → Someone __________________ in the room. I saw him go there. → He __________________________ there. Tips:

在see, watch, notice, observe, look at, make, let, have, hear, listen to, feel等动词所构成的复合宾语中，如果宾语补足语是不定式，要省略to, 可在变为被动语态时，又要______to。

4. 情态动词的被动语态

:情态动词的被动语态形式可用于谈论能力、可能性、职责和允诺等. Firefighters could be trained using RealCine. 情态动词的被动语态的构成：___________________________________________________.

改为被动语态：

Computers can work out the position of the user at any time.

______________________________________________________________________________. 1.The user must wear special gloves.

→____________________________________________.

2. The user can touch the objects in the film.

→_____________________________________.

3. Teachers could use RealCine in the classroom too.

→_______________________________.

4. The user may feel a real sense of achievement and

happiness.

→

______________________________________________________________________________. 5. RealCine might not attract some users.

→________________________________________. 6. Scientists ought to develop RealCine further.

→

_____________________________________________________________________________. 三、使用被动语态需要注意的几个问题。

Ⅰ在被动语态中,有时_____可用来代替be,如get changed，get dressed 和 get hurt等。

1.He ____________ (hurt) just now in the accident.

2.Cleaning women in big cities usually ___________ by the hour.

3.When I got to the cinema, the film _____________(show) for ten minutes. 4.Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid you can’t have time to ____ before the party.（2004全国II）

A.

get changed

B. get change

C.

get changing

D. get to change Ⅱ含有短语动词的主动句变被动句时,不要漏掉其后的_______________,此类短语动词: take care of, give up, pay attention to, make use of, put off , put out… 1.She will put up a poster on the wall.

→

_________________________________________________________ .

2. 孩子们被照顾得很好。

_________________________________________________________. 3. Much attention should ____ the rapid increase in the number of cars on the roads, which may ____ traffic jams and more accidents.

A. pay to; result in

B. be paid; result from

C. be paid to; result in

D. be paid; result from Ⅲ表示主语的某种属性特征的动词

read, write, sell, wash, clean, wear, open, cook, shut, dry 等或带状语well, easily, smoothly时，_______________表被动含义。

Eg. This kind of computer sells well in China.

Your article reads well. The pen writes smoothly.

1.This kind of books _________(sell）well among the teenagers. Within two days, 500 books

of

this kind __________(sell). 2. Clothes made of this material ___________ (wash)easily, but they can’t ____________(wash)

by the washing-machine. Ⅳ表示状态特征的连系动词 look, sound, feel, smell,taste, prove, appear+形容词或名词构成的系表结构,__________________表被动含义。

1.Apples of this kind ___________________________________.

(味道好,销路好）

2. The idea____________________________________________________. (当初听起来荒唐ridiculous但后来被证明是可行的）

3. He hurried back home, _________ (look) nervous. 4. 区别：Some books should be swallowed while some ________________.

(应该品尝) Ⅴ状态动词,不及物动词,不及物动词词组_______用于被动语态: have, know, cost, last, happen, work, remain, come true, belong to, break out, break down, take place … True or false? 1.Great changes have been taken place there these years. 2. VR films is belonged to the latest wave of new technology. 3. The meeting begins at 8:00 am, and ends at 10:00. 4. The lecture was lasted three hours. 5. When was the accident happened ? 6. The book is cost up to 80 yuan. 7. With my help, his dream was finally come true. 8. His car was broke down on the way to the company. 9. After the fire, little of the building remained.

Ⅵ一些特殊的被动语态句型: It +be + p.p. + that引导的从句 Sb./Sth.+be +p.p.+ to do/to be doing/to have done 常见的动词有say, believe, report, suppose, know, prove, think, hope 等。 1. It is said that the technology behind RealCine is

virtual reality. =________________________________________________________________________ . 2. It is reported that another book will be published next month. =________________________________________________________________________ . 3. It is said that Li Ping will study abroad. =________________________________________________________________________ . 4. It is said that Li Ping is studying abroad. = ________________________________________________________________________. 5.It is said that Li Ping studied abroad. =________________________________________________________________________. 6.—

Is Bob still performing ?

—

I’m afraid not. He is said ____ the stage already as he has become an official.

A. to have left

B. to leave

C. to have been left

D. to be left Ⅶ有的动词常用于被动语态，其功能相当于形容词，表示性质和状态。常见的如下: be bored with,be born in /on, be disappointed at /by, be puzzled by,be pleased by/with, be surprised at /by 等。其中be可用become替换。

1.

Andy was bored with listening to the same CD.

2.

I was born on a Wednesday. 3.

My dad was disappointed by my test results. 4.

Some of my classmates are puzzled by the final results. 5.

The professor was pleased by the small trick. 6.

They were surprised at the possibilities of the Internet Exercises: 1. Would you please keep silent? The weather report ______ and I want to listen.

(09湖南)

A. is broadcast

B. is being broadcast

C. has been broadcast

D. had been broadcast 2. Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the future ___ to the well-educated.

A. belongs

B. is belonged

C. is belonging

D. will be belonged 3. His sister left home in 1998, and ____since.(09全国I)

A. had not been heard of

B. has not been heard of

C. had not heard of

D. has not heard of 4. All the employees except the manager _____to work online at home. （04广东）

A. encourages

B. encourage

C. is encouraged

D. are encouraged 5. The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people _____to eat more fruit and vegetables. （04上海）

A. persuade

B. will persuade C. be persuaded

D. are persuaded 6. More patients _____in hospital this year than last year. （04江苏）

A. treated

B. have treated

C. had been treated

D. have been treated 7. The policeman’s attention was suddenly caught by a small box which ______ placed under the Minister’s car.

(05广东)

A. has been

B. was being

C. had been

D. would be 8. She is very shy and she is not used to ____ in front of others.

A. praise

B. praising

C. being praised

D. be praised 9. —What did the students think of the speech made by the lecturer yesterday ?

—To tell you the truth, the students were all ____ with the ____speech.

A. boring; boring

B. boring; bored

C. bored; bored

D. bored; boring 10.

Every possible means ____ to prevent the air pollution, but sky is still not clear.

A. is used

B. are used

C. have used

D. has been used 11. ---Why did you leave that position?

----I____ a better position at IBM ( 05北京)

A. offer

B. offered

C. am offered

D. was offered 12. —George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding ?

—No. I ___ . Did they have a big wedding ?

A. was not invited

B. haven’t been invited

C. hadn’t been invited

D. didn’t invite 13. The civil war which ___ ten years ago___five years.

A. breaks out; lasted

B. broke out; was lasted

C. was broken out; was lasted

D. broke out; lasted

14. Scientists wanted to find out whether these new technologies _____.

A. would be worked

B. will work

C. will be worked

D. would work