Learning about Language名师教学设计1

Unit4 Wildlife protection-词汇篇

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通过本节课的学习掌握本单元的重点短语与句型。

一．重点单词与短语：

1. decrease (1)vi. & vt.

减少；(使)变小或变少

These measures will help decrease the cost of production. 这些措施有助于降低生产成本。

(2)n. [C，U] 减少；降低

There is a decrease of nearly 6% in the number of visitors to the museum. 参观博物馆的人数下降将近6%。

巧学助记

[熟词]increase 增加；增长

Unemployment increases as production decreases. 生产减少，失业随之增加。

归纳拓展

1)decrease by减少了……

2)decrease to减少到……

①Student numbers have decreased by 500. 学生人数减少了500名。

②Student numbers have decreased to 500. 学生人数减少到500名。

1

3)on the decrease 在减少

This species of bird is decreasing/on the decrease in numbers every year. 这种鸟的数量在逐年减少。

辨析decrease/reduce

decrease reduce 侧重强调“稳定地、逐渐地、不段地”减少

强调在“数量、大小、程度或强度方面”的下降或减少。

例句：

Failure decrease confidence. 失败使信心渐减。

The workers reduced their wage demands. 工人们降低了他们在工资方面的要求。

误区警示

指某物的“增长/减少”用increase/decrease in sth.，其中的in不可以用of替代。

2. respond

vi.

回答，响应；做出反应

(1)respond to sb/sth 回答某人/回应某事

respond to sth

(疾病、身体的受伤部分)对医药有良好反应

(2)response

n.

响应；回答

in response to

作为对……的答复/反应(通常作状语) make (a) response to

对……做出反应

例句：

(1)He responded to my suggestion with a laugh/by laughing.

他对我的建议报以一笑。

(2)There has been no response to his remarks from the government. 政府尚未对他的言论做出回应。

3.

die out 灭绝； die away等）相继死亡； die of 死于内因（饥饿，疾病）

如：die of illness (heart trouble, cancer, a fever, etc) 死于疾病（心脏病、癌症、发烧等）

die from 死于外因（车祸等）如：die from an earthquake (a traffic accident, a lightning, a stroke, etc) 死于地震（交通事故、雷击等）

die off 相继死去

die away 逐渐减弱；逐渐消失

4.

loss

n. [U，C]损失；遗失；丧失

①The animal was weak through loss of blood. 这只动物因为失血而身体虚弱。

②He told the police about the loss of his car. 2

die down 平息；（渐渐）熄灭；缓和 die off（家族、种族

他向警方报失他的车子。

③The closure of the factory will lead to a number of job losses. 工厂倒闭会使许多人失业。

归纳拓展

at a loss 不知所措；困惑

make up for the loss 弥补损失

(be) lost in thought 陷入沉思

I'm at a loss what to do next. 我不知道下一步怎么办。

5.

relief

n. [U] (痛苦或忧虑的)减轻或解除；减轻痛苦的事物

①This medicine will give you some relief. 这种药可以稍微减轻你的痛苦。

②It was a relief to be able to talk to someone about it. 能和别人谈谈这件事，感到舒心多了。

归纳拓展

in relief 如释重负；松了口气

give sb. (some) relief (稍微)减轻某人的痛苦

to one’s relief 使某人欣慰的是

①I smiled in relief after I heard I had passed the examination. 听到我已经通过了考试，我轻松地笑了。

②To her relief, her brother recovered quickly. 让她欣慰的是，她弟弟恢复得很快。

relieve

v．(从危险、痛苦等中)救出，使脱离，解脱

relieve sb. of... 解除某人的负担、困难等

A porter relieved her of the three large boxes. 一个行李搬运工替她扛了三个大箱子。

6.in danger(of)在危险中；垂危

短语拓展：

In danger 处在危险中

out of danger 脱离危险

a danger to 危险因素；危险的人

辨析in danger/dangerous in danger dangerous 指人或物本身处于危险中，受到外来的威胁

指人、物态可能引起危险，对别人构成威胁

The boy is in danger because a dangerous tiger is running after him. 7.辨析contain与include contain 3

指所包含或容纳的全部内容或某物的成分；

某物装在比其更大的物体内。

include 指作为整体中的一部分而被包括进去，通常指同类。常使用“including＋被包括部分”或“被包括部分＋included”的结构；

某物为整体的一部分或要素。

一言辨异

The container contains many kinds of fruits, including apples/apples included. 容器中盛着各种水果，其中包括苹果。

例句：

(1)The class contains twenty students, including seven girls. ＝The class contains twenty students, seven girls included. 全班有二十名学生，其中包括七个女生。

(2)So astonished was he that he could hardly contain himself for joy. 他如此惊讶以至于控制不住自己的高兴之情。

8. protect…from/against…

保护……不受……(危害) 短语拓展：

under the protection of…

keep…from doing sth.

stop…(from)doing sth. 在……的保护下

阻止……做某事

阻止……做某事

prevent …(from)doing sth.

阻止……做某事

注：以上短语在主动语态中只有keep…from doing sth.中的from不可以省略，其他都可以省略，但在被动语态中from都不可以省略。

protective

adj.

保护的，防护的

例句：(1)In summer，many people usually wear dark glasses to protect their eyes from the sun. 在夏天，很多人通常戴墨镜以保护他们的眼睛不受阳光的刺激。

(2)The workers can use their own rights accordingly under the protection of the law. 在法律的保护下工人们可以相应地行使自己的权利。

9.

affect

vt.影响；感动；（疾病）侵袭

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effect 为名词

be greatly affected 很受感动/影响have an effect/impact/influence on 对…有影响affect与influence辨析

affect 动词，指“影响之在足以引起反应，”有时含有“对…产生不利影响”的意思。

influence 动词或名词，指“通过说服、举例等对人的行动、思想、性格等产生易觉察到的、潜移默化的影响。

例句：The children were deeply affected by his life story.孩子们被他的生平事迹深深感动了。

Influenced by a high school biology teacher，he took up the study of medicine. 在一位中学生物老师的影响下，他从事了医学研究。

区分以下易混此

afford；承担得起，支付得起

offer;

主动提供

effort:

努力

10. pay attention to注意

Hold/attract/catch/draw/get one’s attention吸引某人的注意

fix/focus one’s attention on集中注意力于

listen attentively 专心听

turn one’s attention to将注意力转向…

这里的to为介词所以其后要加名词或动名词形式。

11. harm

n．&

vt.损害，伤害

harmful

adj.

有害的

be harmful to＝do harm to do sb harm＝do harm to sb

对……有害

There is no harm in doing sth.＝It does no harm (for sb) to do sth.

做某事是个好主意(或没有坏处)。

易混辨析

harm, hurt, injure与wound (1)harm常用于口语，表示肉体或精神上的伤害，有时可指引起不安，不便。

(2)hurt伤害(感情或身体上)。普通用词，常用于口语。多用于有生命的东西，常指肉体上的伤害，也可以指精神上的痛苦或感情上的伤害。作不及物动词时表“疼痛”。

(3)injure伤害，损害(身体上)，损害(名誉)。普通用词，常指各种性质的身体上的伤害。多指事故中人的损伤，如：容貌、生理、身体等。

(4)wound使受伤，伤害，损害。主要指外界暴力或用武器造成身体上较重的伤害，像刀伤、枪伤、刺伤等。多指战场上受伤，还可以指精神上的创伤。

12.

appreciate

vt.欣赏，赏识；感谢；感激

appreciate + doingI app reciate you appreciating me.我感激你赏识我。

中暑开始起作用；见效

I would appreciateif…如果……我将不胜感激

I would appreciate it if you can do me that favor.

如果你帮助我，我将会很感激。

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appreciation (one’s)doing sth. 感激/欣赏（某人）做某事

13. succeed in doing sth. : 成功做某事

= manage to do sth. fail to do sth. 做某事未能成功

名词success ，

形容词

successful 另外：succeed: 接替，继任

successor 接替者，继任者

Who will succeed John as our president ? 14. employ : vt.

1)雇佣；

2)运用，使用；

如：This method h as been employed in teaching. 3)利用（时间，精力）

be employed in doing: 花时间做某事；忙于

拓展：

employer

n.雇主

employee

n.雇员；受雇者

employment

n.职业，工作，

雇用

辨析employ/rent employ rent 多指商店或公司长期雇佣人手，相对稳定

一般指租借房屋、地产

The room rents for 5dollars a week.这下房间每星期5美元。

15. incident

n.

事件；事变

易混词

incident 用法

指不太重要却又引人注意的小事；也指有预谋的政治事件。

示例

Every Chinese student should remember the July 7th Incident of 1937. 每位中国学生都应该记住1937年的“七七事变”。

accident 强调偶然或意外发生的不幸事情。

event 尤指历史上的重大事件，或体育赛事等。

16.

come into being

出现；形成；产生

bring…into being

使形成；使产生

come into power

当权

come into effect

生效

come into action

开始行动

come into office

就职

The accident did a lot of damage to the car.这一事故把汽车损坏得很厉害。

The event was a turning point in Russia's attitude to America.这一事件成了俄罗斯对美国的态度的转折点。

come into sight

看得见

come into use

开始使用

17.so that以至于；结果

1)以至于，结果(用于引导结果状语从句) 6

Learn the facts so tht you can make a wise decision.了解了事实以便你能做出明智的决定。

2)以便；为了（用于引导目的状语从句），从句中常含有情态动词may/maight,can/could,should ,would等；可与in order that换用。

I will give you all the facts so that (=in order that)you can judge for yourself. 我会给你所有的事实以便你可以自己判断。

二．重点句型的用法

1.(教材P26)There Daisy saw an antelope looking sad. 在那儿戴茜看到一只羚羊，神情沮丧。

see sb doing sth意为“看见某人正在做某事”，表示正在进行的动作；

see sb do sth 意为“看见某人做过某事”，表示事情发生的全过程。

相同用法的词(词组)还有watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel等。

(1)I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调过程) I saw him working in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看见他正在花园里干活。(强调动作) 2.

(教材P26) It shows the importance of wildlife protection, but I'd like to help as the WWF suggests. 这体现了野生动植物保护的重要性，不过，我还是想按照世界野生生物基金会的建议来帮助(你们)。

as sb. suggests 正如某人所建议那样

句法分析：

as表示“像……那样；如……”，引导方式状语从句。suggest意为“建议”，

suggest doing sth建议做某事；suggest接从句时有两种语气，作“建议”讲时，从句谓语多用“should＋do”结构，作“暗示，表明”讲时，后面从句用一般语气。

单句语法填空

例1. (2015·浙江高考)

These comments came ________________specific questions often asked by local newsmen.

A. in memory of

B. in response to

C. in touch with

D. in possession of 解析：句意：这些评论是对某些经常被当地新闻人问到的问题的回应。in memory of 意为纪念，

in response to意为回应，

in touch with意为联系，in possession of意为拥有。分析句子成分知道空格处充当介词短语作状语的作用，根据常识和句意，评论应该是对问题的回应。所以答案应该是in response to回应。由此可知本题答案。

答案：B 例2. (2014山东日照模拟) The air is deadly polluted because some factories don’t __________the rules to product. A. appreciate

B. regard

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C. honor

D. respect 解析：appreciate感激；regard认为；honor尊重；respect尊敬，遵守。句意：因为一些工厂不遵守

保护环境的条例，所以空气被严重污染了。根据词义搭配可知应用respect。由此可知本题答案。

答案：D

例3. (2014浙江富阳模拟)When we finally ______to get home after the tiring long journey, we could hardly move a step further. A. tried

B. succeeded

C. managed

D. attempted 解析：句意：疲劳的长途旅行后，当我们最后设法回到家时，我们简直不能再迈一步了。manger to do sth. 设法成功做某事。由此可知本题答案。

答案：C 例4. (2014吉林长春期中) Research suggests that fast food and soft drink directly ________to children’s obesity. A. appear

B. contribute

C. adjust

D. respond 解析：由语境可知本句所表达的句意为：调查表明快餐和饮料有助于导致肥胖。contribute to意为有助于。由语境可知本题答案。

答案：B 例5.( 2014山东济南检测) Hearing the boring news, I was too distracted to _________my attention on my homework. A. attract

B. draw

C. concentrate

D. pay 解析：句意：听到这个令人厌烦的消息，我太心烦意乱了以至于不能把注意力集中在作业上。concentrate one’s attention to集中注意力做某事。由此可知本题答案。

答案：C

基础演练

一．短语填空

in danger; protect…from; succeed in; without mercy; die out; in peace; in relief;

burst into laughter; pay attention to; respond to 1.When she was told her son's illness could be cured，she left the hospital ________．

2. She did not ________a request for comment on Wednesday. 3. How many times should I tell you that you need to ________ your writing?

4. Because of the destruction of forest, many species are ________. 5. A greenhouse is a glass building in which you grow plants that need to ________bad weather.

6. This kind of bird is rarely seen in the area because they are being hunted ________ by people. 7. But for the workers' help, we should not have ________this experiment. 8. We hope the new century will be a century in which people of all nations live ________. 9. If human continued to exploit natural resources with no thought for the future, the later generations would be________. 8

10. Upon hearing the funny story, everybody________．

Keys:

1.in relief

2.respond to

3.pay attention to

4.dying out

5.be protected from

9.in danger

10.burst into laughter 6.without mercy

7.succeeded in

8.in peace

巩固提高

一．在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式

1. More than a hundred firemen are still trying ________ (contain) the fire at the plant. 2. I'd appreciate ________ if you could let me know in advance whether or not Mr Jones will be coming. 3. Due to the destruction of the environment, the number of the tigers ________ (decrease)．

4. The parents suggested ________ (sleep) in the hotel room but their kids were anxious to camp out during the trip. 5. The number of the students in this school has_________(减少)by 30％. 6. As you know, we should pay special attention to ________(protect) these young trees from being damaged.

7. Now various animals ________ (hunt) overly, and some of them are becoming extincted animals. 8. It is clear that the primary duty of parents is to provide ________ (protect) for their children. 9. His explanation that he is at _________loss what to do next doesn’t hold water. 10. Those aircraft ________ (inspect) over the course of the next several days at five locations. Keys:

1.to contain

5.decreased 9.a

2.it

3.is decreasing

7.are being hunted

4.sleeping

8.protection

6. protecting

10.will be inspected 二．用incident, accident, event, thing 填空

①She met with a(n) ________ on her way home last night. ②There have been several new________added to the programme for the 2016 Rio Olympic Games. ③With many ________ to do, I can't go to the park with you. ④Life at camp was filled with funny ________ last month. Keys:

1.accident

2.events

3.things

4.incidents

一．单项填空

(

)1. On seeing her funny­looking hairstyle, her classmates could not ________ their laughs. A. hold

C. overcome

B. contain D. prevent (

)2. Soon after the terrible earthquake，________ was sent to the people who lost their homes from all over the world. A. expense

C. attention

B. relief D. sympathy 9

(

)3. The headmaster has retired but no one knows who will ________ him in the post.

A. follow

C. remove

B. succeed D. achieve (

)4. There’s a whole crowd of people over there. Go and see what ________ and if it is good，we will buy it too. A. is selling

C. is being sold

B. has been selling D. has been sold (

)5. It was not until fish ________ that the villagers realized the importance of protecting the river. A. died away

C. died from

B. died off D. died out (

)6. —My flight ________.I'd better be on my way. Goodbye. —Bye. Happy landing! A. was announced

C. has announced

B. is being announced D. is announced (

)7. After graduating from university，Wang Ping was ________ a secretary in a big company. A. employed as

C. taken for

B. employed D. regarded as (

)8. —My uncle suggested I ________ abroad. —I would rather you ________ at home. A. go; stay

C. go; stayed

B. went; stayed D . went; stay (

)9. The driver was at ________ loss when ________ word came that he was forbidden to drive for speeding. A. a; the

B. /; / D. a; / C. the; the

(

)10．Now I see you want to ________ the position as you said just now.Could you please give me a brief ________ your intention? A. apply for; account of

C. reply for; description of

B. react to; introduction about D. remind of; instruction about (

)11. Too much smoking and drinking ________ him greatly，which meant bad living habits had an ________ on his health. A. affect; effect

C. affected; effects

B. affected; effect D. affect; effects (

)12. The teacher got very ________ when the boy student refused to answer his question. A. annoying

B. being annoyed D. annoyed C. to be annoying

(

)13. We'd like to ________ a table for five for dinner this evening. 10

A. preserve

C. relieve

B. reserve D. reckon (

)14. The audience waited until the curtain rose and then ______ laughter at

the sight of the funny actor. A. burst out

C. broke into

B. burst into D. began with (

)15. After the new president of the USA came to power，a new rule soon________. A. came into being

C. came into the market

Keys:

1.B

contain 可意为“容忍”，could not contain their laughs 相当于couldn’t help laughing。

2. B

relief意为“减轻痛苦的事情”，本题指“救援物品”，符合题意。

3. B

succeed“继承；接任”，符合题意。follow“跟随；紧跟”；remove“免职；罢免”；achieve“取得”。

4. C

用现在进行时表示目前正在进行的动作；what与sell构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用现在进行时的被动语态。

5. D

die out“灭绝”符合题意。die away 相当于die down，意为“渐渐消失；停下来”，其主语通常是风、声音等；die off“相继死去”；die from “死于”事故等外因，与题意不符。

6. B

flight与动词announce 构成逻辑上的动宾关系，排除C项；由对话语境看用现在进行时表示此刻正在进行的动作，与题意相符。

7. 答案与解析：A

be employed as...“被雇用为……”，employ多指公司长期雇用人员。

8. C

suggest(that)sb. (should)do；would rather 后的从句中用过去时态表虚拟。

9. D

at a loss 不知所措；word当“消息”讲时不可数。

10. A

apply for sth.“申请……”；account可意为“叙述；讲述；描述”，相当于description。

11. B

affect为及物动词，因题干为过去时态，故排除A、D两项；have an effect on sth.“对某物有影响”为固定搭配。

12. D

get此处为系动词，后接过去分词可表示状态的改变。get annoyed意为“生气”。

13. B

本题考查易混词语辨析。句意：我们今晚想预订一张五个人的餐桌。reserve a table 意为“预订一张桌子”。preserve保护，维持；relieve 减轻，解除；reckon认为，评估，计算，都不符合题意。

14. B

本题考查短语辨析。burst into laughter＝burst out laughing，意为“突然大笑起来”。

15. A

本题考查come into being 的用法。句意：美国的新总统上台后，一个新规则很快就出台了。come into being 形成，出台，不用被动语态。come into use 开始使用；come into the market 上市，出售，有货可供应的；come into blossom 开花，均不合题意。

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B. came into use D. came into blossom

_________________________________________________________________________________

一．单词拼写。(根据句子意思及所给单词的首字母或汉语注释，写出空缺处单词的正确形式) 1. The dog b ____the thief in the leg. 2. Our garden has an a _____of twelve square meters. 3. Though seemingly f ______the dog was gentle really. 4. This hat will give p ______against the sun. 5. Too much coffee will upset your s______. 6. The accident happened quite_____(最近). 8. The board is the_____(最厚). 9. We must_____(预约)two seats on the plane. 10. This jar______(装)sugar. Keys: 1. bit

6. recently

二．完形填空

Once an old villager was reading the Ramayana(罗摩传)while sitting in a railway station waiting for the train to come. A young man with his __1__ was standing nearby and said to the old man, “You old fashioned people read only the Ramayana all the time. Don’t you have any other book to __2__ ? What is so great in the Ramayana?”

The old man continued to read and smiled without any __3__ to the young man. Soon, the train __4__.Everyone, in a hurry, rushed in to get a seat. It __5__ that the old man and the young man were __6__ next to each other in the train. And the old man __7__ to read the Ramayana. Suddenly the young man __8__ that his wife was missing! He shouted anxiously, “My wife! __9__ is she? I think she has been left behind on the platform!”

The old man said to him __10__, “If you had read the Ramayana, you would never have made this __11__.”

“What?” said the young man.

The old man __12__ :“It is said in the Ramayana that when Ram Chandra, Sita and Lakshmana were standing on the __13__ of the Ganga(恒河) and the boatman came with the __14__，

Ram Chandra asked Sita to get in the boat first and only after that did he __15__ the boat himself!”

“So why are you __16__ me what is good about the Ramayana when you do not even know how to __17__ your own wife and see that she gets onto the train first?”

“You see, the Ramayana tells you even this!”

True enough, any time you are __18__ and cannot decide what your duty is, just read the Ramayana and you will find the __19__ to all your doubts! 12

2. area

3. fierce 4. protection

5. stomach 10. contains 7. suggestion 8. thickest

9. reserve

Treat with respect all the things held sacred(神圣的)to others, __20__ you understand these things or not. (

)1. A. wife

(

)2. A. read

B. son

B. see

B. reply B. arrived

C. friend

C. hear

D. mother

D. write

D. feeling

D. entered

D. turned off

D. refused

D. realized

D. Why D. calmly D. progress D. showed

D. land

D. goods

D. get in

D. begging

D. take advantage of

D. delighted

D. aims

D. whether (

)3. A. key

(

)4. A. reached

(

)5. A. turned on

(

)6. A. visited

(

)8. A. felt

C. attention

C. got

B. turned up

B. decided

B. experienced

B. When

B. sadly B. plan

C. turned out

C. wanted

C. understood

C. Where

C. happily

C. face

(

)9. A. How

(

)10. A. luckily

(

)11. A. mistake

(

)12. A. answered

(

)13. A. middle

(

)14. A. fish

B. explained

B. bank

B. ropes B. get off

B. asking

C. introduced

C. coast

C. boat

(

)15. A. get up

(

)16. A. advising

C. get down

C. telling

(

)17A.take charge of

B. take hold of

(

)18. A. confused

(

)19. A. reasons

(

)20. A. unless

B. surprised

B. stories

B. once

C. take care of

C. satisfied

C. answers

C. though

Keys:文章主要讲述了一个发生在火车上的故事。一位老人在看《罗摩传》，旁边的年轻人认为老人在看没有用的书。当男子发现妻子未能和他一起上车时，老人建议年轻人看一看《罗摩传》。在生活中，无论我们对他人正在做的事情是否了解，我们都应该尊重他们的选择。

1. A

根据第四段的“…that his wife was missing!”可知，年轻人是和妻子一起在候车，故选A项。

2. A

此处表示其他可以看的书，不定式作定语修饰book，故选A项。

3. B

根据“…continued to read and smiled…”可知，老人只是笑了笑又继续看书，并没有回答年轻人的问题，故选B项。

4. B

火车很快就到了。reach后需跟宾语，排除A；enter是及物动词，后需跟宾语，排除D；arrive到达。故选B项。

5. C

结果老人和那个年轻人的座位是挨着的，故选C项。turn on打开；turn up调高，出现；turn out结果是，证明是；turn off关闭。

6. D

老人和年轻人的座位是挨着的。be seated表示坐着的状态，故选D项。

7. A

在座位上坐下之后，老人继续看《罗摩传》。continue to do sth“继续做某事”，故选A项。

8. D

年轻人突然意识到(发现)妻子不见了，故选D项。feel感觉；experience经历；understand理解；realize意识到。

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9. C

根据上句“…his wife was missing！”可知，年轻人的妻子不见了，年轻人是在找她，因此年轻人问的是“我的妻子在哪里”，故选C项。

10. D

老人心平气和地对年轻人说：“如果你看过《罗摩传》……”，其他三项与语境不符，故选D项。luckily幸运的是；sadly不幸地，遗憾的是；happily开心地；calmly冷静地，心平气和地。

11. A

老人说那个年轻人如果看过《罗摩传》的话，他就不会犯这个错误了。make a mistake“犯错误”，故选A项。

12. B

根据“‘What?’ said the young man.”可知，年轻人很不解地问老人，根据“‘It is said in the Ramayana that…’”可知，老人是在向年轻人解释，故选B项。

13. B

此处指在恒河岸边，故选B项。

14. C

根据“…‘Ram Chandra asked Sita to get in the boat’…”可知，船夫把船划了过来，Ram Chandra让Sita先上船，故选C项。

15. D

等Sita上了船之后，Ram Chandra才上船。get in the boat“登上船”，故选D项。

16. B

根据第二段“…‘Do you not have any other book to…’”可知，这里指的是年轻人在候车时问老人为什么一直在看《罗摩传》，故选B项。

17. C

男子不知道如何照顾妻子，因为他应该先让妻子上车，故选C项。

18. A

根据“cannot decide what your duty is”可知，前面说的是感到困惑时，故选A项。

19. C

看一看《罗摩传》，你就会找到所有疑问的答案，故选C项。

20. D

无论你是否理解，都应该尊重他人所做的事情。whether…or not“无论……”，故选D项。

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