Warming up、Pre-reading、Reading、Comprehending教学设计及说课稿

细节决定成败

高考阅读理解专题训练～细节理解题

英德市英西中学

张帮国

学习内容

一、阅读细节理解题考什么？

二、阅读细节理解题的类型有哪些？

三、各类型的细节理解题的设问方式。

四、阅读细节理解题的解题策略。

学习过程

一、阅读细节理解题考什么？

细节理解题考查考生对特定细节的理解，往往只考查特定的较小范围的信息语块，通常是对“who, what, which, when, where, why和how”等的考查。近年高考对具体事实细节题和语意转换题（需要对原文相关文字信息进行一定的整合概括，通过同义或反义转换进行语义转化而来）的考查是细节理解题的难点，有时也会有数字计算题、是非判断题和排列顺序题等。

二、阅读细节理解题的类型有哪些？

1、具体事实信息题

2、语意转换题

3、数字计算题

4、是非判断题

5、排列顺序题

三、各类型的细节理解题的设问方式。

1、具体事实信息题和语意转换题：What/ When/ Why did Sb. do ……? 2、数字计算题：How many/ much ……? 3、是非判断题：Which of the following statements is TRUE/ NOT TRUE?

All of the following statements may be true/ false EXCEPT ……

4、排列顺序题：What is the right order of ……? 四、阅读细节理解题的解题策略。

1、具体事实信息题

既然是具体事实信息题，与其答案相关的信息点必然在文中可以直接找到。解答这类题目可用“顺藤摸瓜”法。题干中的关键词为“藤”，文中的答案信息为“瓜”。“顺藤摸瓜”，就是根据题干中的关键词（“藤”），然后顺着这根“藤”找到与答案相关信息（“瓜”）。一般来说“瓜”多在“藤”后面，若后面的信息不是“瓜”，我们就往“藤”前去找。短文中的“瓜”与选项的“瓜”一般不会完全相同，而是以同义或近义表达出现。

2、语意转换题

此类题目选项与文中信息的表达方式必定会不一样，正确选项是文中的某个信息点或某个橘子的信息的另一种表达。解答此类题目是，先根据选项的关键词，然后进行信息定位，在文章中找出与之语意表达相近的语句信息。

3、数字计算题

数据在英语阅读理解中常常出现，特别是调查研究类的说明文中（包括社科文和科技文），作者往往运用大量的数据使文章内容更加可信。命题者也常常会针对这些数据设题。一般来说，数据考查题都是细节题，只要找到原文出处，考生经过简单的换（计）算就可找出正确答案。

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细节决定成败

4、是非判断题

是非判断题要求考生选出与文章内容相符（三误一正）或不相符（三正一误）的一项。题干中常有TRUE，NOT TRUE或EXCEPT等字样，考生务必留意是NOT还是EXCEPT，否则就容易出错。

5、排列顺序题

首尾定位法巧解排序题。排序题通常出现在说明文、记叙文或人物传记类的文章或段落的理解题中。要求根据某人所经历事情的时间先后排序，或按某事物的发展变化过程排序，或按操作程序或制作过程先后排序，或许按重要性排序等。题中（选项中）含有原文单词、词组、句型的转述，再以a, b, c, d, e, f等给事件标上序号。解答这类题的具体过程如下：

第一步：在a～f中画出关键词或特征词。

第二步：寻读，在文中找到a～f的对应信息，并在文中标上a～f。这样可使顺序一

目了然，也减少阅读量。

第三步：弄清“首事件”和“尾事件”，利用排除法，迅速缩小范围，快速选出正确答案。这就是所谓的“首尾定位法”。

实战演练

1、具体事实信息题

A Arriving in Sydney on his own from India, my husband, Rashid, stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children. Question: What did Rashid plan to do after his arrival in Sydney?

A. Go shopping.

B. Find a house.

C. Join his family.

D. Take a vacation. B Since Beijing’s first ski resort(滑雪场) was opened ten years ago, the sport has enjoyed an astonishing increase. There are now more than a dozen resorts. Clothes markets in the city have added bright colored ski suits to their winter collections. Mr. Wei, a manager of a newly-opened ski resort in Beijing, sees the growth of an industry that could soon lead Chinese to head for the ski resorts of Europe. In recent years ski resorts offering natural snow have opened in China. But many are in faraway areas of the country and can’t really match the equipment and services of some ski resorts in Europe. Question: Why are some Chinese likely to go skiing in Europe?

A. to visit more ski areas.

B. to ski on natural snow.

C. For a large collection of ski suits.

D. For better services and equipment. C The problem is making money. Starting ski resort requires quite a lot of money: hiring land from the local government, preparing the hills, buying snow machines, making sure there are enough water and electricity to run them, and buying ski equipment for hiring out to customers. The ski resort where Mr. Wei works cost nearly $4m to set up. And, as so often in China when someone comes up with a good idea, many others rush in and price wars break out. Beijing now offers some of the cheapest ski training classes in the world, though with most people rather new to the sport, expecting a few more doing the same job. Question: What is the main problem in running a ski resort?

A. Difficulty in hiring land.

B. Lack of business experience.

C. Price wars with other ski resorts.

D. Shortage of water and electricity.

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细节决定成败

2、语意转换题

A The film classic The last Picture Show was the last movie shown in the old theater. Though the movie is 30 years old, most of the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting to say good0bye to the old building. Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate. The movie is set in a small town where the only movie theater is preparing to close down. Question: Why was The last Picture Show put on?

A. It was an all-time classic.

B. It was about the history of the town.

C. The audience requested it.

D. The theater owner found it suitable. B Some people will do just about anything to save money. And I am one of them. Take my family’s last vacation. It was my six-year-old son’s winter break from school, and we were heading home from Fort Lauderdale after a weeklong trip. The flight was overbooked, and Delta, the airline, offered us $ 400 per person in credits to give up our seats and leave the next day. I had meeting in New York, so I had to get back. But that didn’t mean my husband and my son couldn’t stay. I took my nine-month-old and took off for home.

The next day, my husband and son were offered more credits to take an even later flight. Yes, I encouraged—okay, ordered—them to wait it out at the airport, to “earn” more Delta Dollars. Our total take: $ 1,600. Not bad, huh?

Now some people may think I’m a bad mother and not such a great wife either. But as a big-time bargain hunter, I know the value of a dollar. And these days, a good deal is something few of us can afford to pass up.

I’ve made a living looking for the best deals and exposing（揭露）the worst tricks. I have been the consumer reporter of NBC’s Today show for over a decade. I have written a couple of books including one titled Tricks of the Trade: A Consumer Survival Guide. And I really do what I believe in. Question 1: Why did Delta give the author’s family credits?

A. They took a later flight.

B. They had early bookings.

C. Their flight had been delayed.

D. Their flight had been cancelled. Question 2: What can we learn about the author?

A. She rarely misses a good deal.

B. She seldom makes a compromise.

C. She is very strict with her children. D. She is interested in cheap products. Question 3: What does the author do?

A. She is a teacher.

B. She is a housewife.

C. She is a media person.

D. She is a businesswoman. 3、数字计算题

A It was one of those terribly hot days in Baltimore. Needless to say, it was too hot to do anything outside. But it was also scorching（灼热的）in our apartment. This was 1962, and I would not live in a place with an air conditioner for another ten years. So my brother and I decided to leave the apartment to find someplace indoors. He suggested we could see a movie. It was a brilliant plan. Question : In which year did the author first live in a place with air conditioner?

A. 1952.

B. 1962.

C. 1972.

D. 1982.

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细节决定成败

B At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. the median number（中位数）of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that. Question : How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?

A. About 6,800.

B. About 3,400.

C. About 2,400.

D. About 1,200 4、是非判断题

A Rules to Be Follow

Mobile phone conversations are not permitted anywhere in the library. Keep your phone on silent as if you were in a lecture and exit the library if you need to receive calls.

Please note that food and fruit are forbidden in the library, but you are allowed to have drinks and sweets with you. Question : What should NOT be brought into the library?

A. Mobile phones.

B. Orange juice.

C. Candy.

D. Sandwiches. B

One day, she was reading at her desk. From a glimpse of the illustrations I thought I knew what the book was. I said to myself, “ It can’t be,” and went to take a closer look. Sure enough, she was reading Moby Dick, in the edition with woodcuts. I said, “ Don’t you find parts of it rather heavy going?”

She answered, “ Oh, sure, but I just skip over those parts and go on to the next good part.”

This is exactly what reading should be and in school so seldom is—an exciting, joyous adventure. Find something, dive into it, take the good parts, skip the bad parts, get what you can out of it, go on to something else. Question : Which of the following statements about the girl is TRUE according to the passage?

A. She skipped over those easy parts while reading.

B. She had a hard time finishing the required reading tasks.

C. She learned to appreciate some parts of the difficult books.

D. She turned out to be a top student after coming to this school. 5、排列顺序题

Dr. White tried his idea on 13 monkeys. First he taught them to do different jobs, then he operated on them. He made the monkeys’

blood go through a machine. The machine cooled the blood. Then the machine sent the blood back to the monkeys’ brain. When the brain’s temperature was 10℃, Dr. White stopped the blood to the brain. After 30 minutes he turned the blood back on. He warmed the blood again. After their operations the monkeys were like they had been before. They were healthy and busy. Each one could still do the jobs the doctor had taught them. Question : What is the right order of the steps in the operation?

a. send the cooled blood back to the brain.

b. stop the blood to the brain.

c. have the blood cooled down

d. operate on the brain.

A. a, b, c, d.

B. c, a, b, d.

C. c, b, d, a.

D. b, c, d, a.

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细节决定成败

前

言

俗话说,“得阅读者得高考”，这句话不但适用于语文学科，而且也适用于英语学科。因此可见，阅读理解在高考英语科考试中的地位是多么的重要。阅读几乎贯穿了整份高考英语试卷，特别是在第二部分阅读理解的第一节“四选一”阅读和第二节“七选五”阅读中，体现得淋漓尽致。

在常规阅读理解的“四选一”阅读中，细节题占据了总共15道题的半壁江山。因此，本节课我们将一起学习、分析、讲解和探讨阅读理解细节题的以下几个方面：

小结

总之，不管是阅读理解的哪种细节题型，我们在考试中一定要集中注意力，仔细审题。平时要加大阅读的量，有意识地训练细节题，提高解题的方法、技巧与策略。这样，在解答细节理解题时一定会游刃有余，得心应手。

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