Using LanguageⅠ多媒体教案及点评

2019年高三阅读专题复习--猜词教学设计

授课类型：阅读专题复习--猜词（教材外整合材料）

授课者：

广州市花都区新华中学徐月葵

授课时间：2019.3.14 授课班级：高三（13）班

一、高考考纲的要求

根据上下文猜测词义是阅读能力的一部分，也是高考阅读理解测试中重要的一项。要做好这类题目，考生要记住：在完整的语篇中，单词和词组的意义总是受特定的语境、上下文限制的，因此考生可以根据上下文，并利用所掌握的语法、词汇和构词法等知识确定它们的意义。词义猜测可以是对一个单词的意义的推断，也可以是对一个短语或句子的意义的推断；既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的新义，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，而要根据短文提供的语境，通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或短语的含义。

二、教材分析

高考阅读理解中每年必有1-2题词义猜测题。词义猜测是一种阅读的技巧与能力。本节课精选了近几年全国卷和各地高考题的猜词段落，帮助学生复习和巩固在段落的上下文信息中猜测词义、短语和句子的技巧。

三、学情分析

高三13班是文科班。学生学习基础一般，但学习态度认真，学习英语比较热情，有时候课堂气氛比较活跃的，能积极配合老师参与课堂活动。在阅读理解猜词题中，通常只关注上下句的关系，而忽略文章主旨和段落大意的抓取，从而稍难一点的猜词就猜不出正确的答案。因此针对次情况，本复习专题帮助学生通过上下文所提供的具体语境理解上下文内在的逻辑关系和指代关系，分析判断猜词的主要依据。

四、教学目标

1.通过上下文所提供的具体语境，正确判断生词的含义或熟词生义，推断短语或者句子的含义。

2.能够根据上下文信息，上下文内在的逻辑关系和上下文的指代关系，判断猜词的主要依据。

五、教学重难点

能够根据上下文的具体语境,理解上下文内在的逻辑关系和指代关系，正确判断生词的含义或熟词生义。

六、教学过程

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教学步骤

1.导入

教师活动

1.

呈现高考考纲中对阅读猜词的考点与要求

2.

展示周测的阅读猜词题，猜测生词和指示代词

3.

提问学生如何猜词，有什么猜词技巧

1.

示范两个解题2.展示并学习在上技巧的例子

下文语境中猜词2.

引导学生正确的微技能

的解题思路

3.

指导学生归纳

各种解题技巧

3.讲练结合

4.巩固练习

教学反思

1.

让学生运用各种猜词技巧完成相关的对点练习

2.

听学生汇报，并作适当的补充解释

学生活动

1.

回忆解题过程

2.

思考并回答一些常见的猜词技巧

设计意图

引入本节课需要关注的教学重点和学习内容，让学生了解高考对猜词题的要求

1.

理解教师的解题示范

2.

分析解题的思路

3.

讨论和归纳每个解题示范的技巧

通过例归法，一步步地引导学生如何分析解题的思路，教师做好解题的示范。学生根据教师的解题示范通过小组讨论归纳猜词的技巧。

1.

学生完成相关让学生在练习中，的对点练习

进一步掌握和巩2.

小组讨论并汇固解题思路和猜报解题的思路，进词的技巧。

一步巩固所学的猜词技巧

课后完成相应的学生将在课堂上练习，巩固所学的所学的解题技巧猜词技巧

在课后进行知识的迁移。

1.本节课教学目标明确，教学难点、重点定位准确，教学内容适中。教学设计按导入--示范--知识迁移三部分编写设计，学案的编写简明简练，能够体现高三专题复习的特点。课堂导入部分能够明确考纲与高考考点的要求，提出明确的教学目标，引起学生对专题的注意。第二部分通过例归法，一步步地引导学生如何分析解题的思路。教师的示范能呈现典型的例子，利用高考真题，帮助学生分析和归纳阅读猜词解题的微技能。第三部分进行知识的迁移。通过提供更多的练习，让学生巩固解题的技巧，更进一步掌握解题的思路。能够达到预设教学目标。

2.老师在讲解的过程中能做好示范作用，对学生指导到位，讲解清楚。能够很好的引导学生归纳总结解题的技巧，而且能够做到讲练结合，师生互动。

3. 课堂上采取小组合作讨论、小组竞赛等形式，更好地调动学生参与课堂活动的积极性。

4. 练习部分个别题目有点难，所以在课堂上让学生进行小组讨论，用小组合作的方式来

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解决问题，所花的时间稍多一点，导致部分变式练习的解答只能在下一节课完成。

通过课后对学生的调查，学生们都反映通过课堂上教师的指导并结合练习，本专题阅读猜词方法和技巧基本上都掌握了。大体上达到了预期的教学效果。

教学材料

高三阅读专题复习---猜词

一、学习指导 课时学习目标：

1.

通过上下文所提供的具体语境，正确判断生词的含义或熟词生义，推断短语或者句子的含义。

2.

能够根据上下文信息，上下文内在的逻辑关系和上下文的指代关系，判断猜词的主要依据。

【Pre-class】

猜词题常见设问方式

1.By saying that “...”

in the first (second ...) paragraph, the author means that ________. 2.In Paragraph ..., “...”

can be replaced by “______”．

3.The meaning of “...”

in Paragraph ... is related to ________. 4.Which of the following has the closest meaning to ... (Paragraph ...)？

5.As is used in Line ..., the word “...”

refers to ________. 6.The underlined sentence in the ... paragraph probably means that ________. 【While class】

一、课堂训练一：

解题示范：推断下面段落生词的含义，并找出判断猜词的主要依据（用下划线画出来）。

例1.

(2018年全国I卷.26) If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a“soft-serve" creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children's party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below. ◆What is“a juicer" in the last paragraph? A dessert. B. A drink. C. A container.

D. A machine

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例2.

(2018·全国卷Ⅰ阅读C节选) Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialization, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalization and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over. ◆Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in paragraph 2?

A．Complex.

B．Advanced. C．Powerful.

D．Modern.

例3.

(2016 年全国I卷.29) I am Peter Hodes, a volunteer stem cell courier. Since March 2012，I've done89 trips--of those, 51 have been abroad. I have 42hours to carry stem cells( 干细胞) in my little box because I've got two ice packs and that's how long they last, in all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor ( 捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient, we've got 72 hours at most. So I am always conscious of time. ◆Which of the following can replace the underlined word“

courier”in Paragraph 1? A. provider

B. delivery man

C. collector

D. medical doctor

技巧一 :根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测

题1.根据上下文定义或解释猜测词义

阅读文章中的有些生词，往往在其后有对该词进行解释说明性的短语或句子，如that is; stand for, namely, to refer to, to mean, in other words ,can be defined as 等，有时也以同位语、定语从句的形式出现，或用破折号、括号来表示。

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题2. 利用上下文的举例猜测词义

有时，可以根据上下文所举的例子，运用具体到一般的归纳法来悟出某个单词或词组的含义。表达这类情况的常见词语有:“for example; for instance; such; such as; like; as; as... as..., including"等。

例4.

(2017年全国II卷.29)

Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the1920s，wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around. ◆What does the underlined word“displaced" in the paragraph mean? A. Tested. B. Separated. C. Forced out. D. Tracked down.

技巧二 :根据转折或对比关系进行猜测

1.根据上下句的连接词，如but, however, otherwise等可以推断上下文之间的逻辑关系，从而可以依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。

2.利用对比、类比或转折词表示对比、类比

转折的常见标识词有but、yet、 however、 while、 unlike、 in contrast、 on the other hand， on the contrary、 despite、 in spite of， instead、 rather than、 though等，也可用破折号或冒号等符号作为标识

例5. When some kind of pain killer was brought out recently, researchers found that the colors turned the customers off because they made the product look weak and ineffective. Eventually, it came on the market in a dark blue and white package-blue because we think of it as safe, and white as calm. The underlined part "the colors turned the customers off"means that the colors A. attracted the customers strongly

C. tricked the customers into shopping B. had weak effects on the customers

D. caused the customers to lose interest 技巧三：利用因果关系

表示因果关系的标识词有

because、as、

since、for、thus、so、

so that、hence、

therefore、

as a result等。

例6. (2016新课标III-B) : Taxis on a rainy New York night are rarer than sunshine. By the time the group got up to leave, it was pouring outside. Welty's new friends immediately sent a waiter to find a cab. Heading back downtown toward her hotel, her big-city friends were amazed at the turn of events that had changed their Big Apple dinner into a Mississippi “My friends said: 'Now we believe your stories,"" Welty added. “And I said: 'Now you know. These are the people that make me write them." Sitting on a sofa in her room, Welty, a slim figure in a simple gray dress, looked pleased with this explanation. 1. The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 6 refers to Welty's_________

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A. readers

B. parties

C. friends

D. stories

技巧四：根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测

文章中的代词it, that, he, him或them可以指代上文提到的人或物，其中it和that还可以指代一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；有时也需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的事物。

Conclusion 高考阅读微技能——猜测词义

解题技巧

explanation

contrast

cause and effect

similarity

context

二、变式练习

课堂训练二：

结构或提示词

1.To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up—and out—the side of the hole. .What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in paragraph 2 refer to?

A.The tube.

B.The still.

C.The hole.

D.The cup.

2.I hated dinner parties, But I decided to give them another shot because I'm in London. And my

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friend Mallery invited me. Dinner parties in Landon are very different from those back in New York. There, “I’m having a dinner party"means "I’m booking a table for 2 at 8: 00 in the restaurant which you cant afford and we’ll be sharing the cheque evenly, no matter what you eat.

What does the underlined word＂shot＂

in the paragraph probably mean？

A. Choice,

B. Try

C. Style.

D. Goal 3. (2015年全国II卷.22) My color television has given me nothing but a headache. ... The set worked so beautifully when I first got it home that 1would keep it on until stations signed off for the night. Fortunately, I didn't get any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed. ◆Which of the following can best replace the phrase “signed off" in Paragraph 1? A. ended all their programs

B. provided fewer channels C. changed to commercials

D. showed all-night movies 4.2016年全国III卷. 30 There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you'll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it’s a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it. ◆What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream" in Paragraph 3 mean? 5.(2015 陕西-D) : Parents who help their children with homework may actually be bringing down their school grades. Other forms of parental involvement, including volunteering at school and observing a child's class, also fail to help, according to the most recent study on the topic. The underlined expression "parental involvement in Paragraph 1 probably means A. parents' expectation on children's health B. parents' participation in children's education C. parents' control over children's life D. parents' plan for children's future 6. Some of the world’s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO( United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(联合) voice across cultures. Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations. It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?

A．Jazz becoming more accessible.

B．The production of jazz growing faster. C．Jazz being less popular with the young.

D．The jazz audience becoming larger.

答案变式练习

1.B

2.B

3.A

4. A vain hope

5.B

6.C

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三、学习总结

1.能否通过上下文所提供的具体语境，正确判断生词的含义或熟词生义，推断短语或者句子的含义

2.能否根据上下文信息，上下文内在的逻辑关系和上下文的指代关系，判断猜词的主要依据

3.判断猜词有哪些技巧

【Post class】

四、巩固练习

1. (2014年全国I卷.23 )

Arriving in Sydney...my husband, Rashid, stayed in a hotel... ...one day ... He ... discover that his suitcase was gone. He was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers，including his passport. Late in the evening, the. phone rang .. they had found a pile of papers in their trash can (垃圾桶)... My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents...

That family not only restored the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people. We sill remember their kindness and often send a warm wish their way. ◆What does the underlined word "restored" in the last paragraph mean? A. Showed

B. Sent out C. Delivered. D. Gave back.

2. 2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国Ⅱ卷）B篇节选

We shared the belief that if you re fortunate enough to have success. you should put something back-he with his Newman’s Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. Paul and I didn't see each other all that regularly, but sharing that brought us together. We supported each other financially and by showing up at events. .What does the underlined word“that” in Paragraph 3 refer to?

A. Their belief

B. Their care for children C. Their success

D Their support for each other.

3. (2014年全国I卷.25) Sadly, the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing. Where the birds were most abundant, people believed there was an ever-lasting supply and killed them by the thousands ... The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants. ◆The underlined word undoing" probably refers to the pigeons' A. escape

B. ruin

C. liberation

D. evolution

4.For five days, Edmonton’s Downtown Park is transformed into one huge stage where artists are able to share their talents, and where people are able to celebrate and enjoy themselves .Since is beginning in 1980,the Edmonton Folk Music Festival has been commemorating the ture feeling of what folk music is all about and that's the traditional togetherness(友爱）that is felt when people gather to share stories and feelings through song. This year will be the sixth year when volunteer Riedel will be offering up her time to the festival. "People coming off a busy spring and summer have a moment of relaxation ," Riedel said. "It's really east to relax, and it's great seeing family and friends have fun together." These families

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and friends come from all different kinds of musical tastes. People who take pleasure in Blues are there, so are people who love Bluegrass. This festival does its best to develop everyone's musical interests. With so many years of experience , the festival has become a well-oiled machine, and does whatever it can to make attendees feel as possible. There are free water stations throughout the venue(举办地）for people to fill up their travel cups. When people buy food, reusable ashes are given a $2 plate fee, but that is returned when the plate is brought back. The festival has completely sold out of tickets, and in record time. But with big names such as Van Morrison and Jakob Dylan, it’s easy to see how that was going to happen. There is no parking area during the festival, so using the Park & Ride system or Edmonton Transit is highly recommended. A bike lock-up area is provided and will be available Thursday until Sunday one hour before the gates open until 45 minutes after the gates close. The Edmonton Folk Music Festival begins on Wednesday, Aug.4 with Van Morrison playing the special donation fund （基金）concert, and will finish up on Sunday, Aug.8. 1. What does the underlined word " commemorating in Paragraph I probably mean? A. Hiding

B. Feeling

C. Celebrating

D. Expressing 2. The underlined phrase "coming off",in Paragraph 2 probably means A. Enjoying

B. experiencing

C.wanting

D. leaving 3. What does the underlined word "Blues "in Paragraph 2 probably refer to? A. A kind of colour

B. A kind of music festival C. A kind of music style

D. A kind of music instrument 4. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. The festival has to be well improve B. The festival has been running very well C. The festival needs more effort to support it D. The festival has brought many benefits to people. 巩固练习

1.D

2.A

3.B

4.

1C 2B 3C 4B

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