Learning about Language教案2

Grammar——现在完成时的被动语态

[语

境

自

主

领

悟] 先观察课文原句

1.Over time I have been changed

quite a lot.

2．I have been used in offices and homes since the 1970s.

3．Over time my memory has developed so much that，like an elephant，I never forget anything I have been told!

4．Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me.

5．The ink has not been removed

from the clothes.

[语

法

精

要

点

拨] 一、现在完成时的被动语态的构成

have/has＋

been ＋过去分词

二、现在完成时的被动语态的常用句式

肯定式

否定式

一般疑问式

特殊疑问式

主语＋have/has been done...

主语＋have/has not been done...

Have/Has＋主语＋been done...？

疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋been done...？

后自主感悟

1.例句1，3中的谓语是由“have＋been＋done”构成的现在完成时的被动语态的肯定形式，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果。

2．例句2，4中的谓语是由“have＋been＋done”构成的现在完成时的被动语态的肯定形式，表示一个被动的动作开始于过去，持续到现在，并有可能持续下去。

3．例句5中的谓语是由“has＋not＋been＋done”构成的现在完成时的被动语态的否定形式。

The city has been swept through by heat wave recently.

最近炎热横扫了这座城市。

His work has not been finished.

他的工作尚未完成。

Have the new booking systems for tickets been used?

新的订票制度已在使用中了吗？

How long has the battery not been changed?

电池多久没有更换了？

[即时训练1]

根据要求变换句子

The children have already been told the good news.

①将上面的句子变为否定句。

The children haven't_been_told the good news yet.

②将上面的句子变为一般疑问句。

Have_the_children_been_told the good news yet? ③对上面的句子中的the children进行提问。

Who_has_been_told the good news yet? 三、现在完成时的被动语态的用法

1．表示被动的动作在说话之前已经完成，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果

通常与already，yet，never，recently等副词及时间状语so far，by now，up till now，before...等连用。

The work has already been finished.

工作已完成了。(结果是现在不用做这项工作了) The doctor hasn't been sent for yet.

还没有派人去请医生。(现在应派人去请医生) 2．表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并有可能持续下去

常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于How long...？句型中。

The machine has been repaired for two hours.

这台机器已经修了两个小时了。(可能还会继续被修) 3．用在时间或条件等状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。

You can go home as soon as your task has been finished.

你的任务一完成就可以回家。

[即时训练2]

用所给动词的适当形式填空

①In the last few years thousands of films have_been_produced (produce) all over the world.

②Though we don't know what was discussed，yet we can feel the topic has_been_changed (change)．

四、使用现在完成时的被动语态要注意以下几点

1．与一般过去时的被动语态的区别

一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况没有联系，而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在的情况有联系。

The park was opened to the public last year.

去年这家公园向公众开放。(说明动作发生于过去) The park has been opened to the public.

这家公园已向公众开放。(说明动作发生于过去，但对现在有影响，即现在公园已经开放了) 2．非延续性动词

如borrow，finish，begin，start，buy，marry，open，join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则要改换动词或时态。

The work was finished two weeks ago.

这项工作在两周前已经完成。

The work has been finished.

这项工作已经完成。

3．短语动词

短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在被动语态中要保持完整性，其中的介词或副词不可省略。

It is said that the problem has been looked into.

据说已经调查了这个问题。

4．带有复合宾语的动词

变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为主语，原来的宾补改为主语补足语。注意：原来作宾补的省略to的不定式在被动语态中要用带to的不定式。

I have told them to help you.

→They have been told to help you.

5．带有双宾语的动词

如give，send，bring，take，teach，show，tell，make，sing，write，read，sell，buy，pay，lend，pass，promise等，变为被动语态时，一般将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时，间接宾语前面要用相应的介词。

The company has given him a chance to work abroad recently.

→He has been given a chance to work abroad recently (by the company)．

→A chance to work abroad has been given to him recently (by the company)．

[即时训练3]

用所给动词的适当形式填空

①The bridge near the village was_built(build) last year.

②No books have_been_bought(buy) since last week.

③An e­mail has_been_sent(send) to me by now.

[语

法

应

用

落

实] Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．The dictionary is out of date：many words have_been_added (add) to the language since it was published.

2．In recent years，stress has_been_regarded (regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems，from high blood pressure to mental illness.

3．When I reached the station，the tickets had_been_sold (sell) out.

4．This book has_been_translated (translate) into many languages so far.

5．Our classroom has_been_cleaned (clean) so you needn't clean it now.

6．These flowers have_been_watered (water) so you can go home.

7．When you get the paper back，pay special attention to what has_been_marked (mark)．

8．The house was_washed (wash) away by the storm yesterday.

9．The computer has_been_repaired (repair) for two days.

10．How many new words have_been_learned (learn) by the students up to now? Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误) 1．The new dictionaries are very useful，so they have sold out already.have后加been 2．The problem has been paid enough attention since it came up at the meeting then.attention后加to 3．I'm sorry，but the letters haven't been typed already.already→yet 4．Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem.去掉been 5．We won't start the work until all the preparations will have been made.去掉will Ⅲ.用被动语态改写句子

1．The storm has caused millions of pounds' worth of damage.

→Millions_of_pounds'_worth_of_damage_has_been_caused_by_the_storm.

2．They have asked him some difficult questions.

→Some_difficult_questions_have_been_asked_by_them.

3．Tom has given me two tickets for the new play.Would you like to go with me? →I_have_been_given_two_tickets_for_the_new_play.Would you like to go with me? 4．They haven't watered the flowers for several days.

→The_flowers_haven't_been_watered_for_several_days.

5．I have made him work hard.

→He_has_been_made_to_wor