Learning about Language优秀教案板书设计

Section_ⅡWarming Up & Reading — Language Points

1．mercy n．仁慈；宽恕；怜悯

show mercy to sb.

have mercy on without mercy at the mercy of 怜悯某人

对……表示怜悯

残忍地，毫无同情心地

任凭……的摆布；在……的支配中

When they were young, they were taught to show mercy to those homeless people. 当他们年轻时，他们就被教导怜悯那些无家可归的人。

When the ship failed to work at sea, the sailors were at the mercy of the wind and the rain. 当船在海上不能行进时，船员们任由风雨摆布。

merciful adj.

merciless adj. 仁慈的；宽容的

无情的；冷酷的

The slave owner was merciless and always treated his slaves without mercy. 奴隶主很冷酷，并且总是残忍地对待他的奴隶。

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用与mercy有关的单词及短语完成片段

He is such a merciful man as always has_mercy_on those homeless animals, which are usually at_the_mercy_of the coldness and storm. But sometimes he shows_no_mercy_to those he doesn't like. 他是一个仁慈的人，总是怜悯那些任由寒冷雨雪摆布的无家可归的动物。但是有时对那些他不喜欢的人与物，他一点也不会怜悯。

2．minimum (1)n.[C]最小量，最小数，最低限度，最小值

You must get a minimum of 40 questions right to pass the examination. 你最少必须答对40道题才能通过考试。

The minimum pass mark in the examinations is 60 out of 100. 考试的最低及格分数是100分中答对60分。

(2)adj.最小的，最少的，最低的

a minimum charge/price最低收费/价格

最大值与最小值

max最大值→[英]maximum n.最大值[数字]min最小值→[英]minimum n.最小值

上面两词的复数是变um为a或直接加s。

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(1)The class needs a_minimum_of_six_students (最少6名学生) to continue. (2)As an_absolute_minimum(绝对最低要求), you should spend two hours on the evening studying. 3．horizon n．[C]地平线；(常pl.)视野，眼界，见识

The sun sank below the horizon. 太阳落到了地平线下。

on the horizon broaden one's horizons 在地平线上；很可能即将发生；已露端倪

开阔某人的眼界

She wanted to travel to broaden her horizons. 她想旅行，以开阔眼界。

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(1)A financial crisis is on_the_horizon (即将爆发)．

(2)Taking part in school activities can broaden_our_horizons (开阔我们的眼界)．

4．nowhere adv.无处，任何地方都不；无目的；无结果(放于句首时，句子要用倒装语序) He is nowhere to be seen. 任何地方都见不着他。

Nowhere is the book to be found. 这本书在任何地方都找不着。

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Nowhere is_the_effect_of_government_policy (政府政策的效果) more apparent than in agriculture. 5．secure (1)adj.安全的，可靠的；无忧虑的，安心的

Our house is secure from flood. 我们的房子没有被淹的危险。

At last they were able to feel secure about the future. 他们终于觉得不必为将来而担忧了。

(2)vt.使安全，保卫

Some measures are needed to secure the bank from a flood. 这道堤防需要采取一些措施，免得被洪水冲坏。

securely adv.

牢固地，稳固地

security n. 保护措施，保安部门

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(1)安装了锁和防护栏后，窗户很安全了。

The windows were_secured_with locks and bars. (2)她把自己置于一种虚假的安全感中。

She'd allowed herself into a_false_sense_of_security. 6．precise adj.准确的，精确的，明确的，细致的，认真的

Can you give a more precise definition of the word? 你能给这个词下个更确切的定义吗？

Doctors found it hard to establish the precise nature of her illness. 医生们难以判定她的确切病因。

to be (more) precise precisely adv. more precisely (更)确切地说，准确地说

准确地，恰好地

更确切地说，更严格地说

This room is about 20 sqms — well,19.5 sqms，to be more precise. 这个房间约20平方米，嗯，确切地说，19.5平方米。

accurate, precise, exact (1)accurate准确的，无误的(＝correct, free of mistake)。

(2)precise精密的，精确的(＝exact in form, detail, measurements, time, etc)。

(3)exact确切的，准确的[＝correct and without mistake (of things that can be measured)]。

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用precise， accurate， exact填空

(1)She led rescuers to the exact spot where the injured climber was lying. (2)There is no precise definition of a storm. (3)We need to get more accurate information. 7．simplify v．使简化，使简易

The application forms have now been simplified. 申请表格现已简化了。

I hope his appointment will simplify matters. 我希望他被任命以后事情会好办一些。

simplification n．简化，简化的事物

simplicity n．简单(性)，质朴，简单之处，方便

单一的反义词complex

复杂的，合成的[形]simple简单的反义词complicated

复杂的

[动]simplify简化反义词complicate使复杂化

[名]simplicity简易性反义词complexity复杂性

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(1)Complaints have led to (a)_simplification_of_rules/simplifying_rules (规则简化)．

(2)This is a kind of simplified_version_of_the_story (故事简写本) for young children. 8．update v．使现代化，更新，向……提供信息

It's high time we updated our software. 我们的软件应该更新了。

update sb.on sth.

update on sth. 向……提供最新信息

关于……的最新情况

I called the office to update them on the day's developments. 我给办公室打电话告诉他们当天最新的发展。

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He wrote a letter to me and updated_me_on (向我提供) the recent activities of himself.

1．work out算出，制定出，处理，解决

It'll work out cheaper to travel by bus. 算起来还是乘公共汽车旅游便宜些。

Can you work out the problem? 你能处理这个问题吗？

I couldn't work out where the music was coming from. 我弄不清这音乐是从哪里传来的。

I have worked out a new way of doing it. 我想出了做这事的一个新方法。

out of work

at work 失业

在工作；上班

He has been out of work for months. 他失业已经好几个月了。

work at, work on, work out (1)work at“从事于，致力于”，强调从事创新活动，可与hard搭配。

(2)work on“从事于，致力于”，强调恪守不变的持续性；一般只用于进行时或完成时。

(3)work out“解出，算出”，强调结果。

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用on， at， out填空

(1)She was working on her hair in front of the mirror. (2)You should work out a plan for study as soon as possible. (3)If he goes on working hard at his lessons, he'll surely make progress. 2．be used to do sth. 被用来做某事

Cloth is used to make clothes. 布料被用来做衣服。

get/become used to (doing) sth.

used to There used to be ... be used for ... be used as This room is used for reading. 逐渐习惯于(做)某事

过去常常(做某事) 过去常常有……

被用于……

被当作……来用

这个房间用于阅读。

Don't be used as a tool by others. 别让他人当作工具使用。

used to do, be used to, be used to do (1)used to do意为“过去常常做某事”，表示过去习惯性的动作或经常存在的状态。

(2)be/get/become used to ...表示“习惯于……”，to为介词，后接(动)名词。

(3)be used to do为被动语态，表示“被用来做某事”。

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(1)我习惯于住在乡下。

I've_got_used_to_living in the countryside. (2)这个大箱子用来盛她所有的书籍。

This big box is_used_to_hold all her books.

(3)甚至过去不喜欢英语的学生现在也变得对这门功课感兴趣。

Even the students

who_used_to_dislike_English

have turned out to be interested in the subject. 3．in relation to关于，和……相比

I have some comments to make in relation to this matter. 关于这件事我有几点看法。

Its brain is small, in relation to its body. 和它的身体相比，它的大脑很小。

have good relations with bear no relation to

与……保持着良好的关系

与……没有关系

They have good relations with their neighbours. 他们与邻居关系融洽。

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(1)Tom has_good_relations_with (与……关系良好) his classmates. (2)Unemployment here is high in_relation_to (与……相比) national levels.

1．How do_you_think seamen found their way before modern accurate methods of navigation were invented? 你认为在现代准确的航海技术发明之前水手们是怎样航行的？

本句是含有do you think的双重疑问句；其结构为：特殊疑问词＋do you think＋其他成分。

Which do you think was easier to work out; latitude or longitude? 你认为经度和纬度哪一个更容易算出来？

(1)用该句式结构的动词除think外，还有believe，suppose等。

(2)do you know后接特殊疑问句时不需要把特殊疑问词提前。

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你认为学英语时什么最难？

What_do_you_think_is the most difficult in learning English? 2．We may well wonder how seamen explored the oceans before latitude and longitude made_it_possible_to_plot_a_ship's_position_on_a_map. 我们很可能感到奇怪，在经纬度被用来在地图上标出船只位置之前，海员是如何对海洋进行探索的。

本句为“make＋it＋adj.＋to do sth.”结构，it为形式宾语，代替不定式to plot a

ship's position on a map；possible为宾语补足语；不定式为真正的宾语。类似用法的动词还有find, believe, think等。it除代替不定式作宾语外，还可以代替宾语从句。

Sometimes he found it very hard to like Fellows. 有时他觉得很难喜欢弗洛斯。

She soon found it possible to do this regularly. 很快她发现经常干这事是有可能的。

I believe it necessary that you learn a second language. 我认为你学习第二外语是必要的。

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(1)因此，我认为汉语多吸收一些英语甚至其他语言的词汇是有必要的。

Therefore, I think_it_necessary for the Chinese language to_take_in more English words and even from other languages. (2)不久之后，通往停车场有两个入口，使得我们现在进去更加容易。

Soon after, there are two entrances to the parking places, making_it_easier_for_us_to_enter it now. 3．This seems to_have_been the first and most useful form of exploration which carried the minimum amount of risk. 这似乎已是最早的、最有用的探险方式，所冒的风险也最小。

to have done为不定式的完成时态，表示发生在谓语动词所表达的动作之前的动作。动词不定式的完成时态的被动式为to have been done。

It's not like her to have missed two days of classes. 缺两天课这样的事不像是她干的。

We were proud to have been praised for finding the cave carvings. 我们为我们被表扬发现了岩洞雕刻而感到骄傲。

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用所给词的适当形式填空

(1)Robert is said to_have_studied (study) abroad, but I don't know which country he studied in. (2)A bus full of passengers was reported to_have_gone (go) out of control on a highway south of the city. 4．Nobody knew that the earth turns eastwards at about 15 degrees every hour, but sailors did_know an approximate method of calculating longitude using speed and time. 以前没有人知道地球每小时向东移约15度，然而海员们确实知道用速度和时间来计算经度的近似标准的方法。

本句中know前面的did用来表示强调。通常一般现在时强调谓语动词需要在动词的前面加do(第三人称单数用does)，一般过去时中，在动词前加did。

Do come here this evening. 今晚一定要来。

Tom does study hard now. 现在汤姆确实学习很努力。

He did write to you last week. 上周他确实给你写信了。

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(1)However, an terrible accident did_happen (的确发生了) yesterday. (2)He does_like (确实喜欢) singing and he is popular in our class.

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1．The railway run alongside (沿着) the road. 2．Exploration (探测) of the solar system began in the 19th century. 3．The project will take six months，as an absoluteminimum (最小量)．

4．Travelling has really helped to expand her horizon (眼界)．

5．A large white bird flew silently overhead (在头顶上)．

6．This portable (便携的) video game system allows you to have fun wherever you are. 7．The important thing is that children feel secure about being loved. 8．The sentences are numbered for ease of reference. 9．In spite of all her shortcomings,_she's still the best teacher the school has. 10．The English in this story has been simplified to make it easier to understand. Ⅱ.选词填空

at the mercy of, on the horizon, in relation to, work out, rather than 1．Women's earnings are still very low_in_relation_to men's. 2．The sun is rising on_the_horizon. 3．It took them about half an hour to work_out the difficult maths problem. 4．I think you'd call it a lecture rather_than a talk. 5．They were lost at sea, at_the_mercy_of wind and weather. Ⅲ.完成句子

1．You may get a_minimum_of_￡40 (最少40英镑) a week doing this job. 2．The key was nowhere_to_be_found(到处都找不到)．

3．He's so_awkward (很笨) that he keeps dropping things. 4．It's not_reliable (是不可靠的) to judge a man only by his looks. 5．The victim was able to give_a__precise__description(确切地描绘) of the suspect. Ⅳ.句型转换

1．In addition to gene, intelligence also depends on an adequate diet, a good education and a decent home environment. As_well_as gene, intelligence also depends on an adequate diet, a good education and a decent home environment. 2．After calculating for a long time he figured out a sum. After calculating for a long time he worked_out a sum. 3．Science and technology has enabled modern industries to develop quickly. Science and technology has made_it_possible_for modern industries to develop quickly. 4．The student who is dressed in white is my daughter. The student in_white is my daughter. 5．I have a lot to say concerning that affair. I have a lot to say in_relation_to that affair. Ⅴ.阅读理解

A Scientists used to explore the surface of the ocean.Now they are exploring below the surface, too.They want to know about ocean water and the plant and animal life deep in the ocean. In 1934 the scientist William Beebe dived 3,000 feet below the surface in a hollow steel ball.In 1960 his son Jean dived to a depth of 35,800 feet. All these early dives were deep.But the divers could not stay down for very long.They had to come back up to surface after a few seconds.Scientists needed to stay down longer to study life below surface.Gradually they succeeded.Cousteau, a Frenchman, was able to keep men down to a depth of 36 feet for one month and to a depth of 90 feet for a week. Now scientists are developing even better equipment.With this new equipment, men can stay below the surface for days or even weeks.In 1962 Cousteau set up a research station 35 feet below the surface.Then, in 1964, he set up another station on the

ocean floor of the Red Sea.This was the first undersea station to operate without help from the surface. Many countries are now studying undersea living.The former Soviet Union has an undersea laboratory in the Crimean Sea.The United States has a laboratory 50 feet down on the ocean floor off the Virgin Island.In 1970 five men lived there for two weeks.Then a team of five women scientists stayed in the laboratory.Next came other teams of men.All were there to explore the ocean depths and to make plans for the use of its resources.Scientists hope to find enough mineral, vegetable, and animal wealth there to provide food for the entire world. 1．In order to________， scientists are exploring below the surface of the ocean. A．know about the ocean water deep in the ocean B．stay down longer to study life of the plant and animal below the surface C．know about the plant and animal life deep in the ocean D．Both A and C 解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第一段可知，D项包括了A项和C项的内容，这正是科学家探测海洋深处的目的。

2．Who set up the first undersea station? A．A Frenchman. B．An American. C．A Russian. D．The passage made no mention. 解析：选A 细节理解题。第四段告诉我们，最早建立海底站的是法国人Cousteau。

3．Which of the following statements is TRUE? A．The early divers could not stay down for very long. B．Up to now only five women scientists have stayed in the undersea laboratory. C．The purpose of setting up the undersea laboratories is to make plans for the use of the resources in the ocean.

D．None of the above is true. 解析：选A 细节理解题。由第三段第二句可知，A项正确。

4．The author wants to tell us________. A．that scientists try to explore the ocean depths B．that scientists try to make use of resources in the ocean

C．about the secret of the plant and animal life in the ocean

D．Both A and B.

解析：选D 细节理解题。由第一段第二句可知A项正确；由最后一段倒数第二句可知B项正确。故选D项。

B Why is pink or purple a color for girls and blue or brown for boys? The answer depends largely on cultural values as well as personal experiences. To the Egyptians, green was a color that represented the hope and joy of spring, while for Muslims, it means heaven. Red is a symbol of good luck in many cultures. In China, children are given money in a red envelope to bring good fortune in the New Year. For many nations, blue is a symbol of protection and religious beliefs. Greek people often wear a blue necklace hoping to protect themselves against evils. People's choice of colors is also influenced by their bodies' reactions toward them. Green is said to be the most restful color. It has the ability to reduce pain and relax people both mentally and physically. People who work in green environment have been found to have fewer stomach aches. Red can cause a person's blood pressure to rise and increase people's appetites (食欲). Many decorators will include different shades of red in the restaurant. Similarly, many commercial websites will have a red “Buy Now” button because red is a color that easily catches a person's eye. Blue is another calming color. Unlike red, blue can cause people to lose appetite. So if you want to eat less, some suggest that eating from blue plates can help. The next time you are deciding on what to wear or what color to decorate your room, think about the color carefully. 语篇解读：本文从多方面介绍了颜色对人们的影响和作用，希望我们在生活中能利用这种影响，使生活变得更加美好。

5．Muslims regard green as a symbol of heaven mainly because of their ________. A．cultural values B．commercial purposes C．personal experiences D．physical reactions to the color 解析：选A 细节理解题。由文章第二段“The answer depends largely on cultural values as well as personal experiences.”和“...for Muslims, it means heaven.”可知，穆斯林把绿色当作a symbol of heaven更多的是因为cultural values。注意：句中有as well as时更多的是强调as well as前面的内容，因此选择A项。

6．Why will many commercial websites have a red “Buy Now” button?

A．To relax people physically. B．To increase people's appetites. C．To encourage people to make a purchase. D．To cause a person's blood pressure to rise. 解析：选C 推理判断题。根据文章第四段可知，红色能使人血压升高，增强食欲，而商业网站上的红色“Buy Now”按钮的目的根本不是为使人身体得到放松，也不是增强人的食欲和使人血压升高。商业网站的目的就是为了自己的商业利益，因此，按钮的目的是为了让人购买商品，选择C项。

7．Which of the following would be the most proper title for the text? A．Colors and Human Beings B．The Cultural Meaning of Color C．Colors and Personal Experiences D．The Meaning and Function of Color 解析：选D 标题归纳题。通读全文，文章叙述了颜色在cultural values, personal experiences, bodies' reactions等方面的作用和影响，作为文章的题目A项过于宽泛，B项只提及Cultural Meaning，C项只提及Personal Experiences也不够全面。D项涉及颜色的Meaning 和 Function两方面，能概括全文大意，因此选择D项。