Learning about Language评课稿

Book Four Unit2

Learning about language 【Learning Aims】：

1. To learn V-ing as subject and object 2. Learn some sentence structures of V-ing.

3. learn to use some new words of this unit. 【Focal Points】：Learn to use V-ing as subject and object 【Difficult Points】：when to use V-ing and how to use it.

Teaching Aids: Multimedia, books, blackboard, chalks

Teaching procedures: Step1:Discovering useful words and expressions(page12Ex.123)

Step2:The V–ing form as the Subject and Object 1. 动词-ing形式的结构：

一般式

完成式

主动式

doing Having done 被动式

Being done Having been done

否定形式: not+ -ing 构成

完成式：动作先于谓语动作发生

2. 动词-ing形式不能单独作谓语, 没有人称和

数的变化, 但可以有自己的宾语和状语, 还有

时态和语态的变化。

3. 动词-ing形式由动词加-ing变化而成,

它同时具有名词和动词的特征, 在句中可以

作主语、宾语等。

一、动词-ing形式作主语

1.表示经常的、习惯性的动作或状态, 谓语动词通常用单数。如：

Walking is a good form of exercise for both young and old.

无论对年轻人和老年人来讲, 走路是一种很好的锻炼。

Watching news on TV has become a routine for me. 在电视上看新闻已经成了我的一种日常习惯。

Going to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours.

乘火车去杭州要16个小时。

Asking a woman’s age is impolite in our country.

在我们国家问一个女人的年龄是不礼貌的。

2. -ing形式作主语时常后置, 此时须用it作形式主语, 用形容词或名词作表语。

常见的名词或名词短语有: no use, no good, fun, hard work, a hard / difficult

job, a waste of time等; 形容词有: dangerous, worthwhile, useless等。如:

It’s no use making an excuse for this. 为这件事找借口是没有用的。

It’s a waste of time talking about such a useless thing.

谈论这样无用的事情简直是浪费时间。

It’s dangerous swimming in the sea on windy days.有风的天气在海里游泳是危险的。

It is worthwhile discussing the question.这个问题值得讨论。

归纳: 常用-ing形式作主语的句型有：

It +be +a waste of time doing

做……是浪费时间的

It is/was no good/use doing

做……是没用处的

It is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing

做……不值得

It is/was worth/worthwhile doing

做……是值得的

There is no doing 无法……; 不允许……

There is no sense in doing

做…没有道理

There is/was no use doing 干…无意义

There is/was nothing worse than doing

没有比…更糟的

There is/was no point doing

干…无意义

Task1：汉译英

1、我们不知道要去哪儿。

2、做这件傻事毫无意义。

3、没有必要告诉她。

4、我姐姐病了, 使我很担心。

5、你正确未必就意味着我错了。

二、动名词用作宾语

动名词作宾语有两种情况。

1. 只能后接动名词作宾语的动词, 常见的有

avoid, consider, enjoy, keep, finish, suggest, dislike, delay, escape, cannot help, imagine, mind, miss, practise, cannot stand等。如：

我不能不去。I can’t avoid going．

你是否考虑过找一位挚友? Have you considered looking for one special friend? 我们必须设法避免犯同样的错误。

We must try to avoid repeating the same mistake．

晚饭后你想和我一起散步吗? Do you feel like having a walk with me after

supper?

人们忍不住嘲笑那个愚蠢的人。

People couldn’t help laughing foolish man．

这类动词还有: excuse, fancy, give up, put off, risk, insist on, look forward, feel like等。

2. 既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词,

常见的有: begin, start, continue, like, love, prefer, by, mean, forget，remember, hate等。

A.在like, love, hate, prefer等动词之后，用-ing或不定式意义上没有什么不同, 只是侧重

点有些不同, 动名词表示泛指的动作,

不定式表示具体的一次性动作。

B.

在begin/start, continue之后, 用动名词和不定式, 意义无甚区别, 尤其是当主语是人的时候。

C. 在动词forget, remember, regret之后, 用动名词与不定式意义不同。动名词表示动作

先于谓语发生,不定式表示后于谓语动作, 如：

我记得我已把信寄了。I remember posting the letter．

我会记着去寄信的。I’ll remember to post the letter．

我永远不会忘记见到过那位著名作家。

I shall never forget seeing the famous writer．

D. 在try, mean之后, 意义各不相同, 如try to do (设法), try doing (试试), mean to do 打算, 有意要做), mean doing (意思是, 意味着)。

如: 我们必须设法及时把一切搞好。

We must try to get everything done in time．

我们用别的方法做这工作试试。

Let’s try doing the working in some other way．

我并不想叫你生气。

I didn’t mean to make you angry．

你的计划意味着要花费几个小时。

Your plan would mean spending hours．

E. go on doing 和go on to do go on doing 继续做一直在做的事;

go on to do 接着做另一件事。如：

请接着做这同一个练习。

Please go on doing the same exercise．

请做另外一个练习。

Please go on to do the other exercise．

F. stop doing与stop to do: Stop doing停止做，

stop to do停下正在干的事去干另一件事。如: 我们停止了交谈。We stopped talking．

我们停了下来去谈话。We stopped to talk．

go on doing

继续做原来做的事

go on to do

接着做另一件事

mean doing 意味着要做某事

mean to do 想要做某事

stop doing 停止做某事

stop to do 停下来(别的事)开始做某事

try doing

试着做某事

try to do

努力做某事

be used to doing

习惯于做某事

be used to do

被用来做某事

can't help doing

禁不住做某事

can't help to do

不能帮助做某事

3. 作介词宾语

动名词可与介词一起构成介词短语。

A. 介词+动名词,

如：

我们得想些法子改变人们的习惯。

We’ve got to think of ways of changing people’s habits.

我向你道歉, 刚才对你那样生气。

I apologize for being so angry with you. 离开几年之后再回到你的家乡, 感觉有点怪。

After being away for several years, it is a strange experience to return to the hometown.

B. 动词+介词+动名词, 如：

我坚持为这次出行带足需要的食物。

I insist on taking proper food fort his expedition．

同学们脸上没有笑容, 相反都做了怪脸。

Instead of smiling, each of them made a face．

她对为我们公司工作很感兴趣。

She was very interested in working for our company．

下列短语中的to都是介词, 所以后面跟名词或-ing形式: devote to, object to, pay attention to, get down to, lead to, look forward to, stick to,be used to等。

Task2：

Complete these sentences:

1. If you can keep ________(read) English newspapers, your English will be improved.

2. He has promised __________(come) to my

birthday party. 3. I hate _________________(tell) lies! 4. I will never forget __________(go) to Beijing with him last summer.

5. I forgot ________(tell) her the news; so she knew nothing about it.

Task3：Translation

1.出国旅行是很激动人心的。

2 在这儿等是没用的, 我们走吧。

3 我记得在哪里见过他。

4 我后悔没听你的劝告。

5 帮助别人就是帮助你自己

Task4：Let’s talk about our friends! Remember to use Verb-ing as much as possible.

is his/her job every day.

He/She enjoys …

He/She is interested in …

He/She dreams of …

He/She hates …

…makes him/her happy/sad. He/She cares about …

Task5：Write about a person you love or respect very much. Here is a sample for you. Samples：Changchang is a smart boy. Playing model cars is his favourite. And he also likes running. It seems playing is his job every day. Besides, he enjoys talking so much that it seems that he never stops talking until he goes to sleep. Maybe that is why he is good at telling stories.