Learning about Language教案评析

Book 9

Unit 4

Exploring Plants Period 3

Grammar -----ing form or the infinitive as the object

Teaching goals

1. Target language

a. Key words and expressions

beard, ripe, irrigation, weeds, spear, string, postpone, pyramid, monument b. Key grammar structure

-ing form or the infinitive as the object I enjoy reading cartoons, though I don’t quite understand what they are about. P35 Jim and Mandy both denied seeing car key. P35 Charlie regretted inviting Joseph to the party. P35 2. Ability goals

Enable the students to learn and use the useful words and expressions from the text. Enable the students to revise the use of direct object and indirect object as well as -ing form or the infinitive as the object. 3. Learning ability goals

Help the students learn how to use the target language in sentences or contexts.

Teaching important and difficult points

Direct object and indirect object. The -ing form or the infinitive that used as the object. Teaching methods

Explanation and practice. Teaching aids

Projector and slide. Teaching procedures && ways

Step Ⅰ

Homework checking Check the homework. Ask some of them to report what they have found about Tree of

Heaven and Dove Tree.

About Tree of Heaven The Tree of Heaven is now commonly known as the Darn Weed, because it grows everywhere and is nearly impossible to kill. Strangely enough, this tree was imported for use as an ornamental shade tree throughout the eastern United States. It is a Chinese species that grows very rapidly, thrives in almost all soils and climates, resists practically all insects and diseases, and tolerates soot and pollution better than any other tree, native or foreign. It gained fame as “the tree that grows in Brooklyn”. They can be seen growing through cracks in sidewalks and atop brick walls and even up on flat rooftops!

About Dove Tree The Dove tree is native to central China, from Hubei to southern Gansu, south to Guizhou, Sichuan and Yunnan. It is a moderately fast-growing tree, growing to about 20-25 m in height, with alternate cordate leaves resembling those of a linden (椴树) in appearance, except that they are symmetrical, and lacking the lop-sided base typical of linden leaves; the leaves are mostly 10-20 cm long and 7-15 cm wide and are ovate to heart-shaped. The Dove tree is best known for its flowers. These form a tight cluster about 1-2 cm across, reddish in colour, each flower head with a pair of large (12-25 cm), pure white bracts at the base performing the function of petals. These hang in long rows beneath the level branches. The flowers are at their best in late May. On a breezy day, the bracts flutter in the wind like white doves, hence the English name for this tree. The species was introduced from China to Europe and North America in 1904, and is a popular ornamental tree in larger gardens. It is able to adapt to the climatic conditions in Europe and North America. Step Ⅱ

Discovering useful words and expressions In this step, first check the sentences they have made with the words and phrases. Let several of them read out their sentences and correct the mistakes if any.

T: Now I think you have mastered the usages of these words and phrase. Let’s do an exercise with them. Turn to Page 34, please finish Exercise 2. Complete the paragraph

with new words from reading text.

This exercise will enable the students to use the new words in context. After they have finished it, check the answers. Then let the students finish Exercise 1.

T: OK. Now go over the whole text again and then finish Exercise 1 on Page 34. Complete the sentences with suitable words or expressions from the text.

After the students have finished it, check the answers. Step Ⅲ

Revising useful structures First help the students have a general revision of the use of direct object and indirect object. Then help them review the using of -ing form or the infinitive of the verb as the object, summarize which verbs are followed by -ing form and which are followed by the infinitive.

Direct object and indirect object A direct object receives the action performed by the subject. The verb used with a direct object is always an action verb. Another way of saying it is that the subject does the verb to the direct object. Example: The car hit the tree. To find the direct object, say the subject and verb followed by whom or what. The car hit whom or what? Tree answers the question so tree is the direct object. An indirect object is really a prepositional phrase in which the preposition to or for is not stated but understood. It tells to whom or for whom something is done. The indirect object always comes between the verb and the direct object. Example: She gave me a gift. The indirect object always modifies the verb. It may have modifiers and be compound. It is used with verbs such as give, tell, send, get, buy, show, build, do, make, save, and read. Example: She sent the man and me a gift. -ing form and the infinitive Both -ing form and the infinitive of verb can be used as an object.

a. Verbs followed by -ing form: acknowledge, admit, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, celebrate, consider, contemplate, defer, delay, deny,detest, dislike, dread, enjoy, entail, escape, excuse, fancy (=imagine), finish, forgive, imagine, involve,keep, loathe, mean (=have as result), mention, mind, miss, pardon, postpone, prevent, propose, recall, recollect, remember,

report, resent, resist, risk, save (=prevent the wasted effort), stop, suggest, understand b. Verbs followed by the infinitive: afford, agree, aim, appear, arrange, bother, care, claim, condescend, consent, decide, demand, determine, endeavour, fail, guarantee, happen, hasten, have (= be obliged), hesitate, hope, learn, long, manage, offer, prepare, pretend, proceed, promise, propose, prove (= turn out), refuse resolve, seek, seem, strive, swear, tend, threaten, trouble, undertake, volunteer, vow

T: OK, now let’s do some exercises. Turn to Page 35, finish Exercise 1-3. Do them individually. After the students finished them, check the answers. Then give some explanations about the new words in this part. beard: hair that grows around a man’s chin and cheeks moustache: hair that grows on a man’s upper lip ripe: adj. ripe fruit or crops are fully grown and ready to eat (opposite) unripe irrigation: n.

irrigate v. to supply land or crops with water irrigated land / farms / crops weeds: a wild plant growing where it is not wanted that prevents crops or garden flowers from growing properly spear: 1 a thin pointed stem of a plant 2 a pole with a sharp pointed blade at one end, used as a weapon in the past string: a strong thread made of several threads twisted together, used for tying or fastening things postpone: to change the date or time of a planned event or action to a later one (synonym) put back (opposite) bring forward The match had to be postponed until next week. monument: a building, statue, or other large structure that is built to remind people of an important event or famous person.

Step Ⅳ

Homework Finish the two exercises in USING STRUCTURES in the workbook.

Exercises I: Choose the best answer.

1. When asked by the police, he said that he remembered ______ at the party, but not _____. (2005 北京)

A. to arrive; leaving

B. to arrive; to leave C. arriving; leaving

D. arriving; to leave 2. I really can’t understand _____ her like that. (2005 安徽)

A. you treat

B. you to treat C. why treat

D. you treating

3. He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk _____ the good opportunity. (2005 上海)

A. to lose

B. losing C. to be lost

D. being lost

4. The man insisted _____ a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby. (2004 江苏) A. find

B. to find C. on finding

D. in finding

5. In some parts of London, missing a bus means _____ for another hour. (2002上海春招试题)

A. waiting

B. to wait C. wait

D. to be waiting Exercise II: Underline the mistakes in these sentences and correct them 1. The theory he stuck to proving correct. 2. The door needs repaired. 3. I’m too busy today, so I can’t help cleaning the room. 4. Which do you enjoy spending your weekend, swimming or fishing? 5. You can’t imagine the great difficulty I had found your house. 6. It’s no use to quarrel with him.

7. I regret to tell him the secret last night. 8. He devoted himself to teach. Key:

Ⅰ: CDBCA Ⅱ: 1 proving →

proved 2 repaired →

repairing / to be repaired 3 cleaning →

to clean 4 spending →

to spend 5 found →

finding 6 to quarrel →

quarrelling 7 to tell →

telling 8 teach →

teaching 附

件

Ⅰ. 语法解析

一些动词使用动名词和不定式做宾语的区别：

1) forget to to忘记要去做某事

forget doing 忘记做过某事

2) stop to do停止、中断（某件事），目的是去做另一件事

Stop doing停止正在或经常做的事

3) remember to do记得去做某事

remember doing记得做过某事

4) regret to do对要做的事遗憾

regret doing 对做过的事遗憾、后悔

5) try to do努力、企图做某事

try doing试验、试一试某种办法

6) mean to do打算、有意要……

mean doing 意味着

7) go on to do继而（去做另外一件事情）

go on doing 继续（原先没有做完的事情）

8) propose to do打算（要做某事）

propose doing 建议（做某事）

9) like / love / hate / prefer + to do表示具体行为

+ doing sth表示抽象、倾向概念

（注）如果这些动词前有should一词，其后宾语只跟不定式，不能跟动名词。例如：

I should like to see him tomorrow.

10) need, want, deserve +动名词表被动意义；+不定式被动态表示“要（修、清理等）”意思。

Don’t you remember seeing the man before? 你不记得以前见过那个人吗？

You must remember to leave tomorrow. 你可要记着是明天动身。

I don’t regret telling him what I thought. 我不后悔给他讲过我的想法。（已讲过）

I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice. 我很遗言你必须这样去做，我实在没办法。（未做但要做）

You must try to be more careful. 你可要多加小心。

Let’s try doing the work some other way. 让我们试一试用另外一种办法来做这个工作。

I didn’t mean to hurt your feeling. 我没想要伤害你的感情。

This illness will mean (your) going to hospital. 得了这种病（你）就要进医院。