Learning about Language教学设计实例

Module 2 Unit 1 Culture Relics

语法课

单元语法：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

学习目标：掌握限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别和用法。

重点语法解说：

一、非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的区别

限制性定语从句，顾名思义，是对先行词从本质或特征上进行限制的一种定语从句，它所修饰的词代表一个（些）或一类特定的人或事、物。

例如：

1) A man who doesn’t want to learn from others can’t achieve much．

一个不向别人学习的人是不能指望有多大成就的。

A man 被限定后，指一类特定的人。限制性定语从句是不能去掉的，否则剩下的部分就失去意义而不能成立。非限制性定语从句则不然，它只对所修饰的词作进一步的说明，去掉之后并不影响整个句子的含义。在形式上，非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常必须有逗号隔开。例如：

2) Finally we visited the Giant Yangtze Gorges Dam，which is the greatest key

water control project in the world at present

最后我们参观了长江三峡大坝，它是目前世界上最大的水利枢纽工程。

本句若去掉定语从句，主句部分的含义仍然完整。历年的高考题中，非限制性定语从句是出现频率最高的考点之一，因此值得我们注意。

二、引导非限制性定语从句的which可以指代前面的先行词，也可指代前面整个句子。

例如：

That Peter will marry Alice, which has not been announced yet, has spread around．

彼特要娶爱丽斯这件事还没宣布，却已被传得沸沸扬扬。

句子中的which指代“彼特要娶爱丽斯”这件事。

三、除which外，还可用when，

where，

who，whom等关系副词或关系代词引导非限制性定语从句。例如：

After graduation, I decided to stay in Chongqing, where I spent my childhood and four years of college life.毕业后我决定留在重庆，在那里我度过了我的童年和四年大学生活

Albert Einstein left Germany for the United States during World War II，

when Jews were badly treated in Germany．

第二次世界大战期间，爱因斯坦离开德国去了美国，那时犹太人在德国受到极大的歧视。

注意：that不能引导非限制性定语从句。

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Module 2 Unit 1 Culture Relics

语法课

四、在限制性定语从句中，如果先行词作宾语时，引导词可以省略；但引导非限制性定语从句的引导词不能省，同时关系代词whom不能用who替换。试比较：

The American journalist (whom ／

who) the announcer mentioned in the news broadcast is said to have been killed by the gangsters．

播音员在新闻广播中提到的那位美国记者据说已经被匪徒杀害了。

He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother，whom he loved and

respected as his own mother．他急于想去医院看望他的继母，他像对亲生母亲一样爱戴和尊敬她。

五、as, which引导的非限制性定语从句

as, which 引导非限定性定语从句时，as和which都能指代整个主句所表达的内容, 且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。

as引导的非限定性定语从句可放在句首、句中或句末, 意为“正如、恰如”。

As we know, Taiwan belongs to China.

Taiwan, as we know, belongs to China. Taiwan belongs to China, as we know.

as是关系代词, 作know的宾语,代替主句Taiwan belongs to China。

which 引导的非限定性定语从句，只能放在主句之后。

Alice received an invitation from her boss, which came as a surprise.

as引导限制性定语从句, 构成such…as , the same …as, so…as, 结构，as在定语从句中应充当主语、宾语或表语。

It is such a big stone as nobody can lift. He bought the same book as I bought yesterday.

课堂检测题

把下列句子变为含非限制性定语从句的复合句。

1. Alaska is the largest state in America, but it has a very small population. __________________________________________________________ 2. The computer is one of the most important inventions of the twentieth century and it can be found in - 2 -

Module 2 Unit 1 Culture Relics

语法课

many Chinese homes. __________________________________________________________ 3. The old couple live next door to us and now they are beginning to study English. __________________________________________________________ 4. He was born in St. Petersburg and it has beautiful museums.

__________________________________________________________

当堂训练题

1. She heard the terrible noise，_________ brought her heart into her mouth 2. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _______, of course made the others unhappy．

3. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase，_________ price was very reasonable．

4. The youngest nurse has worked for 30 days in the SARS hospital，_______ she spent her19th birthday．

5. Tell me the reason __________ you were late this time. 6. The man with _________ he was chatting was kind. 7. The painting at _________ I looked was painted by Vincent Van Gogh. 8. I can still remember the sitting-room _______ my mother and I used to sit in the evening. 9. 1958 is the year __________ Spielberg made his first real film. 10. Mr Smith, _________ gave a talk several months ago, will come again. 11. Mr King,__________legs were badly hurt, was quickly taken to hospital. 12. It is so difficult a question_____________no one can answer. 13. I have got into the same trouble_________________he (has). 14. _________is known to all, he is the best student. 15._________I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting. 课后练习题

用适当的关系词将下列两个句子合并为含有定语从句的复合句。

1. ①

Xiao Ming works in a local shop.

②

The local shop sells cameras. ________________________________________________________ - 3 -

Module 2 Unit 1 Culture Relics

语法课

2. ①

The factory makes mobile phones.

②

My father works there. ________________________________________________________ 3. ①

My brother stopped smoking.

②

That’s because it made him cough.

________________________________________________________ 4. ①

The car had been parked in front of our house for more than a week.

②

It was stolen. ________________________________________________________ 5. ①

My sister Ellen is a nurse.

②

You saw her yesterday at the party. ________________________________________________________ 6. ①

Lisa will always remember her childhood.

②

At that time she lived with her aunt in the castle. ________________________________________________________

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